Crafoord Prize

The Crafoord Prize is an annual science prize established in 1980 by Holger Crafoord, a Swedish industrialist, and his wife Anna-Greta Crafoord. The Prize is awarded in partnership between the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and the Crafoord Foundation in Lund. The Academy is responsible for selecting the Crafoord Laureates.[1] The prize is awarded in four categories: astronomy and mathematics; geosciences; biosciences, with particular emphasis on ecology; and polyarthritis, the disease from which Holger severely suffered in his last years.

The Crafoord Prize
Awarded forin astronomy and mathematics, biosciences, geosciences or polyarthritis research, awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
CountrySweden
Presented byRoyal Swedish Academy of Sciences
First awarded1982 (1982)
Websitewww.crafoordprize.se

According to the Academy, "these disciplines are chosen so as to complement those for which the Nobel Prizes are awarded".[2] Only one award is given each year, according to a rotating scheme – astronomy and mathematics; then geosciences; then biosciences.[2] A Crafoord Prize in polyarthritis is only awarded when a special committee decides that substantial progress in the field has been made.[2] The recipient of the Crafoord Prize is announced each year in mid-January; on Crafoord Days in April or May, the prize is presented by the King of Sweden, who also presents the Nobel Prizes at the ceremony in December.[2][3] The prize money, which as of 2020 is 6,000,000 kr (or US$625,000).[4]

The inaugural laureates, Vladimir Arnold and Louis Nirenberg, were cited by the Academy for their work in the field of non-linear differential equations. The first woman to be awarded the prize was astronomer Andrea Ghez in 2012.

Laureates

The Crafoord prize has been awarded to the following scientists:[5]

Year Category Image Laureate Nationality Work Ref.
1982 Mathematics Vladimir Arnold Russian Theory of non-linear differential equations [6][7]
Louis Nirenberg Canadian / American[A] [6][8]
1983 Geosciences — Edward Norton Lorenz American Geophysical hydrodynamics [6][9]
Henry Stommel American
1984 Biosciences Daniel H. Janzen American Co-evolution [6][10]
1985 Astronomy Lyman Spitzer American Studies of the interstellar medium [6][11]
1986 Geosciences Claude Allègre French Isotope geochemical relations [6][12]
— Gerald J. Wasserburg American
1987 Biosciences — Eugene Odum American Ecosystem ecology [6][13]
Howard T. Odum American
1988 Mathematics Pierre Deligne Belgian Algebraic geometry [6][14]
Alexander Grothendieck None[B] [6][15]
1989 Geosciences James Van Allen American Exploration of space, the discovery of the Van Allen belts [6][12]
1990 Biosciences Paul R. Ehrlich American Dynamics and genetics of fragmented populations [6][16]
E. O. Wilson American Theory of island biogeography [6][17]
1991 Astronomy — Allan Sandage American Study of galaxies [6][18]
1992 Geosciences — Adolf Seilacher German Research into evolution of life [6][12]
1993 Biosciences — W. D. Hamilton British Theories of kin selection and genetic relationship [6][19]
Seymour Benzer American Genetical and neurophysiological studies of fruit flies [6][20]
1994 Mathematics Simon Donaldson British Four-dimensional geometry [6][21]
Shing-Tung Yau American[C] Non-linear techniques in differential geometry [6][22]
1995 Geosciences — Willi Dansgaard Danish Development of isotope geological analysis methods [6][12]
Nicholas Shackleton British
1996 Biosciences Robert May Australian Ecological research [6][23]
1997 Astronomy Fred Hoyle British Study of nuclear processes in stars, stellar evolution [6][24]
— Edwin Ernest Salpeter American [6][25]
1998 Geosciences Don L. Anderson American Study of the structures and processes in the interior of the Earth [6][20]
Adam M. Dziewonski Polish / American[D] [6][26]
1999 Biosciences Ernst Mayr American Developing the concept of evolutionary biology [6][27]
John Maynard Smith British
— George C. Williams American
2000 Polyarthritis — Marc Feldmann British Definition of TNF-alpha [3][6]
Ravinder N. Maini British
2001 Mathematics Alain Connes French Theory of operator algebras, founder of the non-commutative geometry [6][28]
2002 Geosciences — Dan McKenzie British Dynamics of the lithosphere [6][29]
2003 Biosciences Carl Woese American Third domain of life [6][30]
2004 Polyarthritis — Eugene C. Butcher American Study of molecular mechanisms concerning white blood cells [6][31]
— Timothy A. Springer American
2005 Astronomy James E. Gunn American Understanding the large-scale structure of the Universe [6][20]
James Peebles American [6][32]
Martin Rees British
2006 Geosciences Wallace Smith Broecker American Research into the global carbon cycle [6][33]
2007 Biosciences — Robert Trivers American Analysis of social evolution [6][34]
2008 Astronomy Rashid Alievich Sunyaev Russian Contributions to high-energy astrophysics and cosmology [6][35]
Mathematics Maxim Kontsevich Russian[E] Contributions to mathematics from modern theoretical physics [6][36]
Edward Witten American
2009 Polyarthritis Charles Dinarello American Isolation of interleukins, understanding their role in the onset of inflammatory diseases [6][37]
Tadamitsu Kishimoto Japanese
Toshio Hirano Japanese
2010 Geosciences Walter Munk American "for his pioneering and fundamental contributions to our understanding of ocean circulation, tides and waves, and their role in the Earth's dynamics". [6][20]
2011 Biosciences Ilkka Hanski Finnish "for his pioneering studies on how spatial variation affects the dynamics of animal and plant populations". [6][38]
2012 Astronomy Reinhard Genzel German "for their observations of the stars orbiting the galactic centre, indicating the presence of a supermassive black hole". [6][39]
Andrea M. Ghez American
Mathematics Jean Bourgain Belgian "for their brilliant and groundbreaking work in harmonic analysis, partial differential equations, ergodic theory, number theory, combinatorics, functional analysis and theoretical computer science". [6][40]
Terence Tao Australian / American
2013 Polyarthritis Peter K. Gregersen American "for their discoveries concerning the role of different genetic factors and their interactions with environmental factors in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and clinical management of rheumatoid arthritis". [6][41]
Lars Klareskog Swedish
Robert J. Winchester American
2014 Geosciences — Peter Molnar American "for his ground-breaking contribution to the understanding of global tectonics, in particular the deformation of continents and the structure and evolution of mountain ranges, as well as the impact of tectonic processes on ocean-atmosphere circulation and climate". [6][42]
2015 Biosciences — Richard Lewontin American "for their pioneering analyses and fundamental contributions to the understanding of genetic polymorphism". [6][43]
— Tomoko Ohta Japanese
2016 Astronomy Roy Kerr New Zealand "for fundamental work concerning rotating black holes and their astrophysical consequences" [44][45]
Roger Blandford American
Mathematics Yakov Eliashberg American[F] "for the development of contact and symplectic topology and groundbreaking discoveries of rigidity and flexibility phenomena"
2017 Polyarthritis Shimon Sakaguchi Japanese "for their discoveries relating to regulatory T cells, which counteract harmful immune reactions in arthritis and other autoimmune diseases." [46]
— Fred Ramsdell American
Alexander Rudensky American[G]
2018 Geosciences — Syukuro Manabe Japanese / American "for fundamental contributions to understanding the role of atmospheric trace gases in Earth’s climate system." [47]
— Susan Solomon American
2019 Biosciences — Sallie W. Chisholm American "for the discovery and pioneering studies of the most abundant photosynthesising organism on Earth, Prochlorococcus". [48]
2020 Astronomy Eugene N. Parker American "for pioneering and fundamental studies of the solar wind and magnetic fields from stellar to galactic scales". [49]
Mathematics Enrico Bombieri Italian / American "for outstanding and influential contributions in all the major areas of mathematics, particularly number theory, analysis and algebraic geometry".

Notes

a Nirenberg was born in Canada.[8]

b Grothendieck was born in Germany, but spent most of his life in France and was legally stateless. He declined his prize.[15]

c Shing-Tung Yau was born in China.[50]

d Dziewonski was born in Poland.[26]

e Kontsevich was born in Russia.[36]

f Eliashberg was born in Russia.[45]

g Rudensky was born in Russia.[51]

See also

References
  1. "About the Crafoord Prize - The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences". www.kva.se. Archived from the original on 18 January 2018. Retrieved 4 July 2017.
  2. "About the Crafoord Prize". The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Archived from the original on 18 January 2018. Retrieved 4 July 2017.
  3. "King of Sweden awards Crafoord Prize to IC researchers". Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine. 4 October 2000. Archived from the original on 13 June 2011.
  4. "The Crafoord Prizes in Mathematics and Astronomy 2020". 30 January 2020. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
  5. "Crafoord Prize Laureates". The Crafoord Prize. Retrieved 28 February 2018.
  6. "The Crafoord Prize 1982–2014" (PDF). The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 January 2016. Retrieved 26 January 2016.
  7. Maugh II, Thomas H. (21 June 2010). "Vladimir Arnold dies at 72; Russian mathematician". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  8. "Louis Nirenberg Receives National Medal of Science" (PDF). American Mathematical Society. October 1996. p. 1111. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 October 2012. Retrieved 4 July 2009.
  9. Smith, Leonard A. (23 October 2011). "Professor Edward Lorenz: Meteorologist whose work on weather prediction led to the discovery of chaos and the 'butterfly effect'". The Independent. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  10. "Daniel H. Janzen Wins 2011 BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award". University of Pennsylvania. 16 February 2012. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  11. Gahm, Gösta (1985). "The Crafoord Prize 1985 in Astronomy to Professor Lyman Spitzer Jr". Physica Scripta. IOP Publishing: 3–4. doi:10.1088/0031-8949/1985/T11/001.
  12. Reed, Christina (2009). Earth Science. New York, NY: Infobase Publishing. p. 291. ISBN 978-1-4381-0979-4.
  13. Becher, Anne; Richey, Joseph (2008). American Environmental Leaders: M-Z. Amenia, NY: Grey House Publishing. p. 603. ISBN 978-1-5923-7119-8.
  14. Ruelle, David (2007). The Mathematician's Brain. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. p. 137. ISBN 978-0-6911-2982-2. Archived from the original on 18 January 2018.
  15. Matthews, Robert (20 August 2006). "Mathematics, where nothing is ever as simple as it seems". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 14 July 2011. Retrieved 5 July 2009.
  16. "Paul R. Ehrlich". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  17. "Edward O. Wilson". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 15 November 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  18. "Allan Sandage". The Daily Telegraph. 21 November 2010. Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  19. "William Donald Hamilton". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  20. "Crafoord Laureates". California Institute of Technology. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  21. "Simon Donaldson". Royal Society. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  22. "Shing-Tung Yau". University of St Andrews. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  23. Levine, Simon A. (September 1996). "Robert May Receives Crafoord Prize" (PDF). American Mathematical Society. p. 977. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  24. "Professor Sir Fred Hoyle". The Daily Telegraph. 22 August 2001. Archived from the original on 4 November 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  25. "Edwin Salpeter". The Guardian. 4 February 2009. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  26. "Dziewonski Receives 2002 William Bowie Medal". American Geophysical Union. Archived from the original on 27 November 2010. Retrieved 5 July 2009.
  27. "Sussex Biologist Scoops Crafoord Prize". University of Sussex. 26 February 1999. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  28. "Connes Receives 2001 Crafoord Prize" (PDF). American Mathematical Society. May 2001. p. 502. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  29. "Dan McKenzie". British Library. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  30. Yardley, William (31 December 2012). "Carl Woese Dies at 84; Discovered Life's 'Third Domain'". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 29 September 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  31. Baker, Mitzi (11 February 2004). "Pathology professor Butcher takes home Sweden's other big prize, the Crafoord". Stanford University. Archived from the original on 17 September 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  32. Schilling, Govert (27 January 2005). "Cosmology Pays Off". Science. American Association for the Advancement of Science. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  33. "Wallace Broecker". Royal Society. Archived from the original on 16 November 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  34. "Behavioral and Brain Sciences". Cambridge University Press. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  35. "Crafoord Prize 2008 awarded to Rashid Sunyaev". Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics. 21 January 2008. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  36. "Kontsevich and Witten Receive 2008 Crafoord Prize in Mathematics" (PDF). American Mathematical Society. May 2008. p. 583. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 October 2008. Retrieved 5 July 2009.
  37. "Techne Corporation Board Member Recognized". PR Newswire. 10 June 2009. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  38. "Ilkka Hanski receives the Crafoord Prize". University of Helsinki. Archived from the original on 22 September 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  39. "Reinhard Genzel wins Crafoord Prize". Royal Astronomical Society. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  40. "Jean Bourgain and Terence Tao Named 2012 Crafoord Laureates in Mathematics". Institute for Advanced Study. 19 January 2012. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
  41. Wollheim, Frank A. (22 August 2013). "The Crafoord Prize in polyarthritis 2013" (PDF). Rheumatology. 53 (4): 581–582. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/ket285. PMID 23970543. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
  42. "Peter Molnar wins Crafoord Prize in Geosciences". Royal Astronomical Society. 17 January 2014. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
  43. Lane, Isabel (19 January 2015). "Crafoord Prize in Biosciences goes to genetic polymorphism research". Biofuels Digest. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
  44. "NZ astrophysicist awarded $1m prize". Sky News Australia. 15 January 2016. Archived from the original on 18 January 2016. Retrieved 16 January 2016.
  45. "Yakov Eliashberg awarded the Crafoord Prize in Mathematics". Stanford University. Archived from the original on 3 February 2016. Retrieved 17 January 2016.
  46. Crafoord Prize 2017 Archived 18 January 2018 at the Wayback Machine
  47. Crafoord Prize 2018
  48. Crafoord Prize 2019
  49. Crafoord Prize 2020
  50. Overbye, Dennis (17 October 2006). "The Emperor of Math". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 5 July 2009.
  51. "Alexander Rudensky Appointed Immunology Program Chair". Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. Archived from the original on 27 October 2016. Retrieved 24 May 2017.

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.