Corallorhiza odontorhiza

Corallorhiza odontorhiza, common name fall coral-root or small-flowered coral-root, is a species of orchid widespread across eastern and central United States, and reported also from Mexico, Central America, Quebec and Ontario. In North America, it occurs in forested areas up to an elevation of 2800 m (9300 feet).[1][5][6][7]

Corallorhiza odontorhiza
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Monocots
Order:
Asparagales
Family:
Orchidaceae
Subfamily:
Epidendroideae
Tribe:
Maxillarieae
Subtribe:
Corallorhizinae
Genus:
Corallorhiza
Species:
C. odontorhiza
Binomial name
Corallorhiza odontorhiza
(Willd.) Poir.
Synonyms[1][2][3][4]
  • Corallorhiza micrantha Chapm.
  • Corallorhiza montana Raf.
  • Corallorhiza odontorhiza (Willd.) Nutt.
  • Corallorhiza odontorhiza f. flavida Wherry
  • Corallorhiza odontorhiza var. verna Alph.Wood
  • Cymbidium odontorhizon Willd.
  • Epidendrum odontorhizon (Willd.) Poir.
  • Neottia odontorhiza (Nutt.) Kuntze

Corallorhiza odontorhiza is a non-photosynthetic species, with no chlorophyll. Hence it relies on fungi in the soil to supply it with nutrients. Stems are yellow to brown, bulbous at the base. There are no leaves. Flowers are typically reddish-purple with a white lip, the lip with small purple spots, though some plants are cleistogamous with non-opening flowers.[8] The plant flowers from August through October in the eastern US.[9][10][11]

Infraspecific taxa

Three infraspecific taxa are recognized as of May 2014:[1]

  • Corallorhiza odontorhiza var. odontorhiza - Quebec, Ontario, eastern and central United States
  • Corallorhiza odontorhiza var. pringlei (Greenm.) Freudenst. - Mexico, Central America, Ontario, eastern United States
  • Corallorhiza odontorhiza f. radia Freudenst. - southern Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador

References
  1. "Corallorhiza odontorhiza". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  2. "Corallorhiza odontorhiza var. odontorhiza". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  3. "Corallorhiza odontorhiza". Tropicos. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  4. "Corallorhiza odontorhiza". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew – via The Plant List.
  5. Magrath, Lawrence K.; Freudenstein, John V. (2002). "Corallorhiza odontorhiza". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). 26. New York and Oxford – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  6. CONABIO. 2009. Catálogo taxonómico de especies de México. 1. In Capital Nat. México. CONABIO, Mexico City.
  7. "Corallorhiza odontorhiza". County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014.
  8. Bentley, Stanley (2000). Native Orchids of the Southern Appalachian Mountains. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina. p. 80. ISBN 0807848727.
  9. Freudenstein, J. V. 1997. A monograph of Corallorhiza (Orchidaceae). Harvard Papers in Botany 1(10): 5–51.
  10. Poiret, Jean Louis Marie. Dictionnaire des Sciences Naturelles (Second edition) 10: 375. 1818.
  11. Hamer, F. 1988. Orchids of Central America. Selbyana 10(Suppl.): 1–430.
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