Collective benefits

A collective benefit often benefits more than one person at the cost of an individual acting to obtain the benefit.[1] It is common that an individual may benefit from a collective act without contributing to it.[1] Collective benefits can non-competitive and inclusive if the availability of the benefit does not diminish from the use of one actor.[2] An example of this type of collective benefit is social capital.[2] However, they can also be exclusive if the benefit is not available to all networks of relation, such as a pure public good.[2]

References

Kappeler, Peter M. (2000-05-04). Primate Males: Causes and Consequences of Variation in Group Composition. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521658461.
Walter, Jorge; Lechner, Christoph; Kellermanns, Franz W. (July 2007). "Knowledge transfer between and within alliance partners: Private versus collective benefits of social capital" (PDF). Journal of Business Research. 60 (7): 698–710. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2007.01.026.

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[:0-1] Kappeler, Peter M. (2000-05-04). Primate Males: Causes and Consequences of Variation in Group Composition. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521658461.

[:1-2] Walter, Jorge; Lechner, Christoph; Kellermanns, Franz W. (July 2007). "Knowledge transfer between and within alliance partners: Private versus collective benefits of social capital" (PDF). Journal of Business Research. 60 (7): 698–710. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2007.01.026.