Ciudad Obregón

The city, previously named Cajeme, takes its name from Mexican Revolutionary Álvaro Obregón, a native of nearby Huatabampo, Sonora. Álvaro Obregón became president of Mexico after the Revolution and initiated an "agricultural revolution" in the Yaqui Valley, introducing modern agricultural techniques and making this valley one of the most prosperous agricultural regions in the country. Renowned U.S. agronomist Dr. Norman Borlaug, the architect of the "Green Revolution" worked here after successful developments in increasing the resistance of wheat. For his efforts he was later awarded the Nobel Prize. The origins of this city date back to the year 1906 when the company's rail track South Pacific Railway reached this area of the Yaqui Valley; this route, made it possible to incorporate with the Rio Mayo (Mexico)' valley May to the domestic and external market, attracting a wave of investors and settlers who brought out populations.

In 1907, a flag station was established for the locomotive crossing the state to supply water, this station was called Cajeme. Cajeme (Caudillo Yaqui)' Cajeme is the name of a [yaqui] leader (whose population lives in this area) who fought against them as part of the Porphyrian army; and then lead the Yaqui rebellion against it Porfirio Díaz.

"The Cajeme station was run by the American Bert Cameron, superintendent, and Emilio Estrella, station manager. They and their families were the first settlers. Soon after, the cowboys arrived to guard the corrals of cattle that from here was sent to other regions. Soon came neighbors of Hope, near the fields cultivated in the Valley." The Yaquis offered resistance to the arrival of the first settlers on their lands.

The first neighborhood was called Plan Oriente. In 1923, 'Cajeme Motors' was installed, owned by American James Huffaker, it was the first auto agency; fact that contributed significantly to the development of Cajeme. At the end of his term as president of the country (1920-1924), the General Alvaro Obregón returned to Sonora and carried out business projects in Navojoa and Cajeme, creating in 1925, the company 'Obregón y Cía.', which provided more work and economic development in the Region. 29 November 1927 was declared the head of the municipality (until then it had been part of Cocorit) by the governor Fausto Topete, and in 1928 year in which the first town hall was installed, it was decreed on 28 July of the same year on 28 July of the same year change of name to Ciudad Obregón in recognition of Alvaro Obregón, while the name of the municipality was preserved. That same year the first printing press was installed and it was where the first news weekly called 'The Pacific Gazette', owned by Lithuanian immigrant Leo Rosenfeld and his wife Virginia Gámez, was printed.

The first colonies were Plano Oriente, Ladrillera, Cumuripa, Hidalgo, Constitución, El Castillo, Quinta Díaz, Bella Vista and Colonia del Valle.

Rice was the most important crop in the Yaqui Valley in the early [twentieth century]; other crops also include wheat, beans, chickpeas, various vegetables and alfalfa. Over the course of the century, wheat became the most important crop. Due to Cajeme's agricultural vocation, the first industry of great importance was rice mills.

In the 1950s the agronomist Norman E. Borlaug (called the Father of the Green Revolution) collaborated with the creation of the Northwest Agricultural Research Center (CIANO) and in 1970 received the Nobel Peace Prize for his work in research developing better varieties of wheat and maize. At the end of the twentieth century the railway disappeared as a means of transport for passengers and the station was abandoned.

For the development of productive activities, local commerce offers everything from re-shareholders, agricultural implement stores, agribusiness machinery, safety equipment and all kinds of inputs for production. There are two markets for supplies.

For the realization of economic activities and service to the general public, Ciudad Obregón has offices of the main financial institutions of the country.[1]

The city is located on the parallel 27-29' north latitude and the meridian 109-59' west longitude. With an altitude above sea level of 40.8 m in the city center.

It is located in the south of the State of Sonora, 50 kilometers from the coast of the Sea of Cortez and 100 kilometers from the Sierra Madre Occidental, is also 240 km from Hermosillo, the capital of the State; and 530 kilometers from the border with The United States.[2]

Ciudad Obregón has a steppe climate (Köppen BWh) featuring long, extremely hot summers and short, mild winters with cold mornings. It is frequent that in summer the temperature reach 40 °C (104.0 °F) or more, with overnight lows greater than 24 °C (75 °F) and sometimes reaching 30 °C (86 °F). Sunny skies and clear nights can be expected through all the year. Many severe thunderstorms with strong winds and sandstorms reach the region in summer. Rainfall is scarce but it is more prominent in the summer. In the winter, daytime temperatures can be hotter than 26 °C (79 °F) but at night the temperature can fall to 2 °C (36 °F). Snow in Ciudad Obregón is nonexistent, but hailstorms can occur during cold fronts.

The extreme temperatures recorded in the box below between 1939 and 2016 were recorded at the Downtown Station of Ciudad Obregón, Sonora.[3][4]

Cajeme Municipality has as its head Ciudad Obregón. Its first settlers established themselves in the neighborhood called Plano Oriente, as irrigation canals made by the Richardson company around 1910 and two years later, the South Pacific railroad established a station called Cajeme. The town of Cajeme was initially a part of Cocorit Municipality until its elevation to Municipal Seat on September 28, 1927. The first city government was established on January 1, 1928. The July 28, 1928 decree stated that “the city is known now with the name of Ciudad Obregón, the town formerly known as Cajeme.” In 1937 another legislation stated that Cajeme be the name of the Municipality and Ciudad Obregón its seat.

In 1950 Ciudad Obregon had a population on 120,000.[8]

The Yaqui people are settled in eight towns, Potam, Huirivis, Torim, Cocorit, Bacum, Vicam, Rahum and Belem. seven kilometres (4.3 miles) from the city is the first of the eight Yaqui towns that make the autonomous territory of these people known for their independent character, because it is one of the few American ethnic groups not dominated militarily by Spanish colonialists. Yaqui history is covered with acts of heroic resistance for the defense of their territory and culture, an ancestral culture enriched by rites and traditions of which the Deer Dance stands out, a symbolic representation of the hunt for this animal whose aesthetic richness has awakened interest the world over. In the rites of Passover and Easter, or in the Day of the Dead celebration, Yaqui culture reaches its highest splendor and shows us the survival of mystery, the unity of man with the universe and the intimate relationship between people and the nature that surrounds them. One day the wind of Passover takes the Pharisees to roam the nearby cities hidden behind leather masks; another day rivalries and mundane ambitions are forgotten so that the whole tribe may join in the commemoration of its faithfully departed. Men and women that practice traditional medicine apply ancient knowledge passed on by their ancestors and with herbs and ointments cure the sickness of their relatives. Dance, music, traditional medicine and Yaqui festivities are the expression of a magical world of religion that coexists in harmony with western culture. Obregon City is also Birthplace to one of its most notorious past inhabitants: El huilito Rojas from the very first settlement in obregon city: plano oriente of Cardenas Ave. and Guerrero.

Ciudad Obregón is the second largest city in Sonora (after state capital Hermosillo) with a 2010 census population of 298 625 People.[9] Its municipality of Cajeme had a population of 409,310.[10]

As of 2005 the per capita income for the municipality of Cajeme was $10,940 and the Human Development Index was 0.8635.[11]

In Ciudad Obregón lies the seat of the municipal government of Cajeme. The government's exercise rests with the Municipal President and his cabinet, elected every three years.

Of the twenty-one Congress of the State of Sonora,' Electoral Districts of the State of Sonora, the state electoral districts of Sonora, three correspond to the city. The municipality of Cajeme has its own federal electoral district, the VI Federal Electoral District of Sonora of the Chamber of Deputies of the Congress of the Union of Mexico.

The main economic activities in the entity are maquiladora, agriculture, livestock, [aquaculture], and trade. However, the fertile lands of the municipality favour agriculture and the services derived from it, such as its suppliers and their transport. Real estate and construction development has also had a major boom in the city that, because of its relatively recent foundation, has been able to be planned with wide avenues and modern urban development compared to other Sonorense cities.

According to the national census prepared by the INEGI, the economically active population (PEA) in 2010 corresponds to 54.1% of the inhabitants of the municipality of whom 95% have an occupation.[12]

The city is served by Ciudad Obregón International Airport.

The following institutions of higher education are based in Ciudad Obregón:

• Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora (ITSON) - Campus Obregón and Campus Náinari
• Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Cajeme (ITESCA)
• Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey (ITESM) - Campus Obregón
• Universidad La Salle - Campus Obregón
• Universidad TecMilenio - Campus Obregón
• Universidad Tecnológica del Sur de Sonora (UTS)
• Universidad del Valle de México Campus Ciudad Obregón (UVM)
• Universidad del Desarrollo Professional Ciudad Obregón (UNIDEP)
• Universidad Vizcaya de las Américas
• Instituto Tecnológico del Valle del Yaqui
• Universidad Durango Santander
• Universidad Interamericana de Desarrollo (UNID)
• Instituto de Capacitación para el trabajo Icatson-Cajeme

According to the 2010 population and housing census of INEGI in Cajeme the literacy rate for people aged 15 to 24 years is 98.5% and that of people aged 25 and over is 96.1%.

School attendance for people ages 3 to 5 is 44.4%; 6 to 11 years is 97%; 12 to 14 years is 95.1% and 15 to 24 years is 50.5%.[13] Higher Education Institutions

ItSON Rectory

Ciudad Obregón has multiple institutions of higher education, and has the most important concentration of these in the south of Sonora. The most important institution is the Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora (ITSON) which has a tuition of approximately seventeen thousand students, twenty-three bachelor's degrees, and whose main campus is located in the city. Ciudad Obregón has the necessary elements to offer the population all academic levels.

University of Sonora Campus Cajeme, Department of Health Sciences.

In the city there is also an important campus of the University of Sonora, the [Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey] (ITESM), La Salle University (ULSA), the University of the Valley of Mexico (UVM), the State Normal School of (ENEE), the Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Cajeme (ITESCA), the Universidad Tecnológico del Sur de Sonora (UTS), among others.[14]

Of these above, they stand out:

• La Salle University located in Obregón City has been operating for 25 years. It is private, Christian-inspired. He has 21 bachelor's degrees and 15 postgraduate degrees on this campus.[15]
• The Cajeme Higher Institute was founded in 1997. It's a public, decentralized university. It has nine bachelor's degrees and 17 specialties.[16]
• The Instituto Tecnológico de Monterrey has 20 bachelor's degrees and 20 master's degrees.[17]
• The Universidad TecMilenio has been in its company for 15 years since its founding. It has 15 bachelor's degrees and seven master's degrees.[18]

The most popular sport in Obregon is baseball. The city's professional baseball team is the Yaquis of the Mexican Pacific League, who play at Tomás Oroz Gaytán Stadium. Ciudad Obregón has multiple infrastructure works dedicated to sport, among which stand out: the Municipal Gymnasium "Manuel Lira García", with a capacity of 3000 spectators. The [Arena ITSON], with capacity for 7,500 people and the [New Yaquis Stadium], can accommodate 16,500 people. As well as small basketball and baseball stadiums scattered throughout the city, these two sports are the most popular of the company.

Ciudad Obregón has the following sports teams:

• Ofew City Yaquis: Baseball team of the Mexican Pacific League.
• Obregón City Hawks: Basketball team of CIBACOPA.
• Guerreros de Obregón FC: Football team of the Mexico's Third Division.

Football also has acceptance, the stadium "Manuel 'Piri' Sagasta", is the most important venue for its practice with a capacity of approximately 4000 spectators, although the sport is not as popular in the city, it remains a recreational practice by the ease of game development. Next to the football stadium is the sports car "Náinari 2000", an area for the practice of different sports.

The most popular martial discipline in Ciudad Obregón is the TaeKwonDo which is practiced by many young people in the municipality of Cajeme, which has multiple medalists in official competitions, nationally and internationally. The ITSON Potros have won 3 national university championships in Mexico.[20]

Obregón F.C. play professional soccer in the Segunda División.

The region has a wide variety of typical dishes, such as:

• Wakabaki

The Yaqui ethnic group, one of the most numerous in Mexico, in use of natural elements, inherited the wakabaki, a broth that constitutes a traditional dish that is prepared in its most important festivities. Its ingredients are: chickpea, beef rib, pumpkin, potato, cabbage, carrot and jote. Its preparation begins with the cutting of the firewood and the sacrifice of the res.

• Large flour tortillas

The flour tortillas arrived in Sonora brought by the Spaniards, who during the Arab domination learned many ways to take advantage of wheat, these tortillas are also known as "Sobaqueras" because of the way in which they were made.

• Cahuamanta

Ptypical late made from manta rays and shrimp, it is usually prepared as a broth in which the manta meat, shrimp and vegetables are added. The broth is served on a plate or you can prepare caguamanta tacos, when the broth is served it is only called "vichy", in some places that same broth with shrimp is known as chucki. Its name derives from the word caguama and manta ray, originally this dish was prepared with caguama but from the prohibition of the fishing of this marine species, it was decided to replace the caguama with manta meat. This dish was created in the late nineteenth century in Ciudad Obregón'Citation needed.

• Coyotas

Traditional cookies from the state of Sonora. These are made with wheat flour and stuffed with piloncillo. Coyotas are similar to Argentine alphajor, only they are thinner and larger in diameter. In Obregón you can find in addition to the traditional ones made with piloncillo; coyotas of cajeta, milk with walnut, guava, chocolate, bavaria, strawberry, pineapple, chabacano, blackberry, mango and apple.

• 'Cecina

Also known as dry meat, it is a type of dehydrated meat that is made of beef cutting and during venison season can be made of this animal as well.

• Bacanora

Bacanora, like Jalisco tequila, is a spirit drink made in Sonora, Mexico. It is a mezcal made 100% of the juice of the roasted maguey head, fermented and distilled. However, the development of the formal market in El Bacanora was truncated in 1915, when the manufacture and marketing of this alcoholic beverage was banned. It was until the 1990s that this activity ceased to be persecuted and sanctioned by custom and its authorization was contemplated in the Law on Alcohols of the State of Sonora.

This agave drink from Sonora is protected by appellation of origin, published in the Official Journal of the Federation on 6 November 2000. In this publication it is officially stated that the State of Sonora, is exclusively the entity, which is recognized as producer of this drink. Agustifolia Haw is the only maguey species admitted by this Law for the production of El Bacanora. The territorial area of this denomination area is: 57,923.92 km2 and is composed of 35 municipalities of the mountainous area of Sonora.[21]

Some restaurants recognized for offering some of the dishes mentioned above, and characteristic of the region are:

• The little trees of Cajeme. It opened 25 years ago, and currently has 13 branches throughout the Mexican republic.
• The bows. Located inside the Valle Grande hotel, it has typical dishes of the region, specifically cuts of meat to the Sonoran style. The menu also includes a variety of breakfasts.
• The bronco. Restaurant opened in 1968,[22] specialized in cuts of meat and Mexican recipes. It features live music and country-style facilities.

Some prominent people originating in Ciudad Obregón, or with a track record in their careers connected to the city are [23]-

• Julio César Chávez (born 1962), professional boxer
• Giovanny Gallegos - Major League Baseball pitcher
• Hector Velázquez - Major League Baseball pitcher[24]
• Stephanie Sigman: Actress and model. She is best known for her starring role in the 2011 film Miss Bala. He also appeared in the film James Bond Spectre, among others.
• María Félix: Born in Alamos, she is an important figure of the Mexican golden film era. He participated in a total of 47 films, and is known as "The Doña" for his celebrated character.
• Norman Ernest Borlaug: He was an agronomist, geneticist, humanist phylopathologist. I study wheat, rust and agronomic practices in the Yaqui Valley, looking for it to have self-sufficiency in wheat. He won a Nobel Prize thanks to his practices and research carried out in Obregón, and even, in recognition by the city, one of the main streets bears his name.