Charles Brenner

Charles Brenner born October 30, 1961 is the Roy J. Carver Chair and Head of Biochemistry at the University of Iowa. He is a major contributor to work on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism, who discovered the eukaryotic nicotinamide riboside (NR) kinase pathway.[3]

For other persons named Charles Brenner, see Charles Brenner (disambiguation).
Charles Brenner
Born(1961-10-30)October 30, 1961
NationalityUSA
Alma materWesleyan University (B.A.)
Stanford University (Ph.D)
Brandeis University (Post-Doctoral)
Known forDiscovery and characterization of nicotinamide riboside as a vitamin
AwardsWilliam E.M. Lands Lectureship
Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
Beckman Young Investigators Award[1]
Basil O'Connor Award from the March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
New Investigator Award in the Pharmacological Sciences from the Burroughs Wellcome Fund
ASBMB Award for Exemplary Contributions to Education
Mary Swartz Rose Senior Investigator Award from the American Society for Nutrition[2]
Scientific career
FieldsEnzymology
Metabolism
InstitutionsUniversity of Iowa
Dartmouth Medical School
Thomas Jefferson University
ThesisSpecificity and Activity of the Kex2 Protease: From Yeast Genetics to Enzyme Kinetics (1993)
Doctoral advisorRobert S. Fuller
Other academic advisorsGregory A. Petsko
Dagmar Ringe
InfluencesArthur Kornberg
Websitebrenner.lab.uiowa.edu

Education and career

Brenner is a graduate of Wesleyan University and a veteran of biotechnology companies, having worked at Chiron Corporation and DNAX Research Institute, prior to graduate school at Stanford University School of Medicine. Brenner conducted post-doctoral research at Brandeis University with Gregory Petsko and then took his first academic position at Thomas Jefferson University in 1996, moving to Dartmouth Medical School in 2003, where he served as Associate Director for Basic Sciences at Norris Cotton Cancer Center. He was recruited to chair biochemistry at Iowa in 2009.[4]

Research contributions

Brenner has made multiple contributions to molecular biology and biochemistry, beginning with purification and characterization of the Kex2 proprotein convertase at Stanford.[5] He has been funded by agencies including the Leukemia & Lymphoma Society, the March of Dimes, the Burroughs Wellcome Fund, the Beckman Foundation, the Lung Cancer Research Foundation, the National Institutes of Health, and the National Science Foundation. Significant research projects include molecular dissection of the function of the FHIT tumor suppressor gene,[6][7] characterization and inhibition of DNA methylation,[8][9][10] and discovery of new steps in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism.

Notably, the Brenner laboratory discovered that yeast and humans use nicotinamide riboside to make NAD+,[3][11] for which Brenner was recognized with a William E.M. Lands lectureship at University of Michigan. In addition to gene discovery and characterization in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism, Dr. Brenner developed targeted, quantitative analysis of the NAD+ metabolome[12] and is active in translating NR technologies to treat and prevent human conditions including diabetic and chemotherapeutic peripheral neuropathy,[13][14] heart failure,[15] and central brain injury.[16] This work includes the first human trial of NR, which demonstrated safe oral availability as an NAD+ precursor.[17] Though Brenner was the first to show that NR increases SIR2 activity and can extend yeast lifespan,[11] his work has not emphasized sirtuins or nonspecific anti-aging claims and instead emphasizes how NR repairs metabolic stresses that dysregulate NAD+[15][16] and NADPH.[14] He recently showed that rodent postpartum mothers are under severe metabolic stress to their NAD system and that supplementing such mothers with NR increases maternal weight loss, advances juvenile development and provides long lasting neurodevelopmental advantages into adulthood[18][19][20]

Brenner is author of more than 140 publications and was the senior editor of the 2004 book, Oncogenomics: Molecular Approaches to Cancer. ISBN 0-471-22592-4

Educational contributions

In 2012, Brenner was asked by the President of the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology to develop pre-medical curriculum recommendations that would be consistent with a revised MCAT examination.[21] These recommendations, which include development of inorganic, organic and biochemistry coursework that is more geared toward the chemistry of bioorganic functional groups, have been further refined in academic journals.[22][23] Brenner's work in this area was recognized by the 2016 ASBMB Award for Exemplary Contributions to Education.[24]

Industrial collaborations

Brenner is a former member of the Scientific Advisory Board of Sirtris Pharmaceuticals.[25] He is the founder of NRomics and was a co-founder of ProHeathspan prior to its acquisition by ChromaDex, for which he serves as member of the scientific advisory board and chief scientific advisor[26]

Monograph
  • Charles Brenner and David Duggan (2004) Oncogenomics: Molecular Approaches to Cancer. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ. ISBN 0-471-22592-4

References
  1. "Charles Brenner". Arnold and Mabel Beckman Foundation. Retrieved 1 August 2018.
  2. https://www.biospace.com/article/releases/chromadex-chief-scientific-advisor-dr-charles-brenner-receives-2020-national-scientific-achievement-award-from-the-american-society-for-nutrition/. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  3. Bieganowski, P; Brenner, C (2004). "Discoveries of Nicotinamide Riboside as a Nutrient and Conserved NRK Genes Establish a Preiss-Handler Independent Route to NAD+ in Fungi and Humans". Cell. 117 (4): 495–502. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(04)00416-7. PMID 15137942.
  4. Charles Brenner CV
  5. Brenner, C; Fuller, RS (1992). "Structural and Enzymatic Characterization of a Purified Prohormone-Processing Enzyme: Secreted, Soluble Kex2 Protease". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 89 (3): 922–926. Bibcode:1992PNAS...89..922B. doi:10.1073/pnas.89.3.922. PMC 48357. PMID 1736307.
  6. Draganescu, A; Hodawadekar, SC; Gee, KR; Brenner, C (2000). "Fhit-Nucleotide Specificity Probed with Novel Fluorescent and Fluorogenic Substrates". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (7): 4555–4560. doi:10.1074/jbc.275.7.4555. PMC 2556043. PMID 10671479.
  7. Trapasso, F; et al. (2003). "Designed FHIT Alleles Establish that Fhit-Induced Apoptosis in Cancer Cells is Limited by Substrate-Binding". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 100 (4): 1592–1597. Bibcode:2003PNAS..100.1592T. doi:10.1073/pnas.0437915100. PMC 149877. PMID 12574506.
  8. Syeda, F; Fagan, RL; Wean, M; Avvakumov, GV; Walker, JR; Xue, S; Dhe-Paganon S; Brenner, C (2011). "The Replication Focus Targeting Sequence (RFTS) Domain is a DNA-Competitive Inhibitor of Dnmt1". J. Biol. Chem. 286 (17): 15344–15351. doi:10.1074/jbc.M110.209882. PMC 3083197. PMID 21389349.
  9. Fagan, RL; Cryderman, DE; Kopelovich, L; Wallrath, LL; Brenner, C (2013). "Laccaic Acid A Is a Direct, DNA-competitive Inhibitor of DNA Methyltransferase 1". J. Biol. Chem. 288 (33): 23858–23867. doi:10.1074/jbc.M113.480517. PMC 3745332. PMID 23839987.
  10. Wu, B-K; Brenner, C (2014). "Suppression of TET1-Dependent DNA Demethylation Is Essential for KRAS-Mediated Transformation". Cell Reports. 9 (5): 1827–1840. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2014.10.063. PMC 4268240. PMID 25466250.
  11. Belenky, P; et al. (2007). "Nicotinamide Riboside Promotes Sir2 Silencing and Extends Lifespan via Nrk and Urh1/Pnp1/Meu1 Pathways to NAD+". Cell. 129 (3): 473–484. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.03.024. PMID 17482543.
  12. Trammell, SAJ; Brenner, C (2013). "Targeted, LCMS-based Metabolomics for Quantitative Measurement of NAD(+) Metabolites". Comput Struct Biotechnol J. 4 (5): e201301012. doi:10.5936/csbj.201301012. PMC 3962138. PMID 24688693.
  13. New Vitamin May Relieve a Painful Problem Archived 2013-08-19 at the Wayback Machine Focus April 20, 2008
  14. Trammell, SAJ; Weidemann, BJ; Chadda, A; Yorek, MS; Holmes, A; Coppey, LJ; Obrosov, A; Kardon, RH; Yorek, MA; Brenner, C (2016). "Nicotinamide Riboside Opposes Type 2 Diabetes and Neuropathy in Mice". Scientific Reports. 6: 26933. Bibcode:2016NatSR...626933T. doi:10.1038/srep26933. PMC 4882590. PMID 27230286.
  15. Diguet, Nicolas; Trammell, Samuel A. J.; Tannous, Cynthia; Deloux, Robin; Piquereau, Jérôme; Mougenot, Nathalie; Gouge, Anne; Gressette, Mélanie; Manoury, Boris (2017-12-07). "Nicotinamide Riboside Preserves Cardiac Function in a Mouse Model of Dilated Cardiomyopathy". Circulation. 137 (21): 2256–2273. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.026099. ISSN 1524-4539. PMC 6954688. PMID 29217642.
  16. Vaur, Pauline; Brugg, Bernard; Mericskay, Mathias; Li, Zhenlin; Schmidt, Mark S.; Vivien, Denis; Orset, Cyrille; Jacotot, Etienne; Brenner, Charles (December 2017). "Nicotinamide riboside, a form of vitamin B3, protects against excitotoxicity-induced axonal degeneration". FASEB Journal. 31 (12): 5440–5452. doi:10.1096/fj.201700221RR. ISSN 1530-6860. PMID 28842432.
  17. Trammell, S.A.J.; et al. (2016). "Nicotinamide riboside is uniquely and orally bioavailable in mice and humans". Nat. Commun. 7: 12948. Bibcode:2016NatCo...712948T. doi:10.1038/ncomms12948. PMC 5062546. PMID 27721479.
  18. Ear, Po Hien; Chadda, Ankita; Gumusoglu, Serena B.; Schmidt, Mark S.; Vogeler, Sophia; Malicoat, Johnny; Kadel, Jacob; Moore, Michelle M.; Migaud, Marie E. (January 2019). "Maternal Nicotinamide Riboside Enhances Postpartum Weight Loss, Juvenile Offspring Development, and Neurogenesis of Adult Offspring". Cell Reports. 26 (4): 969–983.e4. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2019.01.007. ISSN 2211-1247. PMID 30673618.
  19. Cell Press, Combating Postpartum Metabolic Stress/Cell Reports, Jan. 22, 2019 (Vol. 22, Issue 4), retrieved 2019-01-26
  20. "Supplement makes (mouse) moms' milk better; pups benefit for life". medicalxpress.com. Retrieved 2019-01-26..
  21. Response to the new MCAT: ASBMB premedical curriculum recommendations ASBMB Today, March 2012
  22. Brenner, C (2013). "Changes in Chemistry and Biochemistry Education: Creative Responses to MCAT Revisions in the Age of the Genome". Biochem. Mol. Biol. Educ. 41 (1): 1–4. doi:10.1002/bmb.20653. PMID 23281187. S2CID 4659938.
  23. Brenner, C (2013). "Rethinking Premedical and Health Professional Curricula in Light of MCAT 2015". J. Chem. Educ. 90 (7): 807–812. Bibcode:2013JChEd..90..807B. doi:10.1021/ed4002738. S2CID 98274150.
  24. "Brenner receives ASBMB Award for Exemplary Contributions to Education". University of Iowa. August 20, 2015. Retrieved 1 August 2018.
  25. Belenky, Peter; Bogan, Katrina L.; Brenner, Charles (January 2007). "NAD+ metabolism in health and disease". Trends in Biochemical Sciences. 32 (1): 12–19. doi:10.1016/j.tibs.2006.11.006. PMID 17161604. Retrieved 1 August 2018.
  26. "Charles Brenner Ph.D." Bloomberg. Retrieved 1 August 2018.
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