Centre for Civil Society

Centre for Civil Society (CCS) is a non-profit think tank based in New Delhi. The Centre was founded in 1997 by Dr Parth Shah, former Professor of Economics at the University of Michigan. It operates as an independent research and educational organisation.

Centre for Civil Society
AbbreviationCCS
MottoSocial change through public policy
Established1997
FounderParth J Shah
TypeLibertarian think tank
Location
Staff
30
WebsiteOfficial website

According to the 2019 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report (Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program, University of Pennsylvania), CCS is rated number 71 (of 100) in the "Top Think Tanks Worldwide (non-U.S.)", number 82 (of 150) of "Top Think Tanks Worldwide (U.S. and non-U.S.)" and number 16 (of 50) in the "Top Think Tanks in China, India, Japan, and the Republic of Korea".[1]

Founder

Dr Parth Shah taught economics at the University of Michigan in Dearborn for seven years before returning to India to advocate for what he calls a ‘Second Freedom Movement’ for economic, social and political independence.[2] He arrived at the conclusion that the statist model of governance was the reason for India's lack of development and decided to provide an alternative view through the Centre. According to T N Ninan, CCS is "devoted to what one might call market liberalism, and inspired by such think-tanks in the US as the libertarian Cato Institute".[3]

History

CCS is an independent think tank focused on decentralisation, freedom and individual rights and policy reform for inclusive and sustainable development.

Mission

The organisation's self-stated mission is "to advance social change through public policy. Our work in education, livelihood, and policy training promotes choice and accountability across private and public sectors. To translate policy into practice, we engage with policy and opinion leaders through research, pilot projects and advocacy.”

CCS undertakes reviews and analyses of policies and on the basis of these, makes suggestions to the government on policy making. It has adopted five streams of work: research, advocacy, campaigns, pilots, and policy-making. It has worked in six sectors in the past, i.e. education, economic freedom, governance, institution of community property rights for environment conservation, and promotion of globalization and trade. It publishes policy reviews and legislative analyses on different issues, organizes public policy seminars for journalists, young leaders, development professionals and public officials, and hosts the annual Asia Livelihood Documentary Festival.

Organisation

CCS has about 30 full-time employees, and receives many interns and volunteers annually. The team includes researchers and campaign specialists from multi-disciplinary backgrounds. The employees are divided among the research, academy, finance and operations, and communication teams.

Funding

The Centre is funded through non-government sources, contributions from individuals, and grants and awards from Indian and international foundations. Various institutional donors and individuals have supported the Centre's work, including the following:

Accomplishments

The University of Pennsylvania Go-To-Think-Tank study ranked it amongst the top 100 think tanks in the world and one of the top think tanks in India.[4][5][6]

Awards:  2020: Think Tank Shark Tank, Asia, (for Lawyers for Liberty), Atlas Network  2017: The Asia Liberty Award (for Jeevika, an initiative for livelihood freedom), Atlas Network  2017: The Leveraging Indices for Free Enterprise Policy Reform Award, Atlas Network  2011: Templeton Freedom Award for Initiative in Public Relations for Certificate Course in Public Policy for Journalists (an ìpolicy course).  2009: Templeton Freedom Award for Initiative in Public Relations for School Choice Campaign.  2005: Templeton Freedom Award for Free Market solutions for Jeevika Campaign.   2004: Templeton Freedom Award Recipient for Student Outreach for CCS Academy's Liberty & Society Seminars (now delivered as ìpolicy courses).

Institutional Recognition  The Street Vendors Act, 2014 requires 10% of the members to be from non-government and community-based organisations. As per the notification issued by the Government of NCT of Delhi on 17th September 2019, Centre for Civil Society (CCS) has been nominated as an NGO member for three TVCs in Delhi.   CCS is a member of FICCI's Committee on Elementary Education.   CCS has been included in the Inclusive Education Committee at CBSE.   Parth J Shah, founder and former President of CCS, is a member of the Mont Pelerin Society, a group of individuals with the objective to facilitate an exchange of ideas between like-minded scholars in the hope of strengthening the principles and practice of a free society and to study the workings, virtues, and defects of market-oriented economic systems.   Parth J Shah has been nominated to the education task force in two states, Karnataka and Delhi. He has also been a member of the Karnataka Jnana Aayog and the Delhi Dialogue Commission   Parth J Shah also serves as a member of the Court at the Central University of Tamil Nadu and the Central University of Himachal Pradesh  

Market Regulations and the Ease of Doing Business    India's rankings on the World Bank indices demonstrate tangible progress between 2015- 2018 in the course of CCS' work targeting (a) a reduction in the no. of procedures and days required to start a

business (b) annulment of the minimum paid-up capital requirement (c) contract enforcement   The Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP) has incorporated three of CCS' policy recommendations (Merging process fee and court fee, issuing e-summons, issuing digitally signed judgments online) in its Business Reform Action Plan, 2016.   CCS' recommendation for a single online registration system for businesses has been implemented. The registration can now be made through a single form (applicable for multiple registrations) on the eBiz portal.   CCS made a presentation before Rajya Sabha's Committee on the EoDB in September 2015. Of the reforms presented, several significant recommendations were endorsed by the panel. CCS has been duly acknowledged for its contribution. The report can be accessed here   CCS Presented its judicial reform recommendations before the Law Commission of India. The Law Commission of India accepted a crucial recommendation with regard to the composition of Bar Councils, now mandating that the bar council include non-elected members along with elected ones  The Maharashtra government revoked the requirement of a 'transit pass' for the transportation of bamboo grown on private land in the state. CCS had successfully campaigned for the annulment of the transmit pass, having made a series of presentations to key ministries and filed RTI appeals for information of due action.   In December 2017, President Ram Nath Kovind cleared an ordinance amending the Indian Forest Act 1927. The amendment classifies non-forest bamboo as 'grass', freeing up the regulatory regime in bamboo trade and production and opening up markets for communities directly dependent on bamboo-based livelihoods.  Through its 'Bamboo is not a Tree' campaign; CCS advocated for a change in the classification of bamboo from a 'tree' to a 'grass'. CCS argued that recognising bamboo as a tree made the resource inaccessible to the economically disadvantaged forest-dwelling and rural communities, and thwarted bamboo-based livelihoods.   CCS had a remarkable win for street vendors in Rajasthan; the Hon'ble Supreme Court upheld that the Street Vendors Act, 2014 would apply to the state of Rajasthan. The ruling makes decentralised Town Vending Committees central to arbitration on vending zones and the eviction of street vendors. 

Education

 The Draft National Education Policy 2019 incorporates the CCS philosophy of separation of functions to reform education governance in India. On invitation from the Kasturirangan Committee, the apex body headed by Dr K. Kasturirangan tasked with developing the New Education Policy (NEP), CCS had presented policy reforms recommendations on the separation of roles of the Government, implementation of Direct Benefit Transfers (DBT) in education, and learning outcomes-based school recognition. The recommendations can be accessed here.    Three key concerns unique to CCS' recommendations on the implementation of the RTE Act are highlighted in the circular issued by the Delhi Government on the admission of EWS category students: Specification of the income limit for EWS at Rs. 1 lakh; Definition of 'disadvantaged group; Relaxation of the neighbourhood criteria.   School Vouchers: CCS piloted India's first School Voucher pilot through the Delhi Voucher Project in 2007, and School Voucher for Girls Project in 2009 with 400 students each  Skill Vouchers: CCS' Vikalp Skill Voucher model adopted by NSDC's STAR Scheme, and Modi government's recent launch of the skill card scheme   Delhi Education Minister Arvinder Singh Lovely removed the cap on licenses to open schools due to the advocacy efforts of the Centre  The Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC) launched an online registration portal for private primary schools affiliated to the Maharashtra State Board, promoting the ease of opening schools   2700 Schools got a respite from arbitrary penalties by CBSE for not furnishing 'confidential information' relating to day-to-day operations due to CCS' efforts  The Maharashtra Prathamik Shikshan Parishad (MPSP) has decided to stop the practice of distributing free textbooks among students of primary classes. Instead, the money required to buy the textbooks will be transferred directly into the students' bank accounts. This decision marks a significant shift towards introducing Direct Benefit Transfers (DBTs) in education financing   Karnataka government hiked the reimbursement amount paid to private schools for admitting students under the Right to Education Act (25% reservations). NISA (National Independent Schools' Alliance, incubated by CCS) has consistently campaigned for redressing the non-payment of reimbursement fees and for reviewing their computation and had filed a plea in the Karnataka High Court        

Flagship Programs 

 Jeevika, CCS' Law, Liberty and Livelihood Campaign sought to further India's movement for economic freedom, promoting effective reforms for the rights and recognition of small entrepreneurs - hawkers, cycle-rickshaw pullers, small shop owners, farmers and agriculturists and other marginal and small entrepreneurs to foster inclusive growth. The program also incorporated research and advocacy for promoting the ease of doing business in India.   The School Choice Campaign has been one of CCS' flagship initiatives committed to the education of choice for all. It aims at reorienting policy focus on learning outcomes, expanding parental choice in education, and amplifying the voice of budget private schools in the country. CCS also undertakes research and pilot projects aimed at building evidence and models for innovation for improving the quality of education. It has incubated NISA (National Independent Schools Alliance) - an alliance of over 55,000 schools catering to more than 22 million children across 23 states.   CCS Academy conducts policy trainings, certificate courses, research internships and outreach programs for a diverse audience of students, journalists, development and business professionals, academicians and government officials. CCS Academy also conducts credit courses as a part of the formal curriculum in leading colleges and universities in the country. CCS programs seek to encourage critical thinking and dialogue on key policy issues to inspire future leaders and change agents to champion a vision of a free society.    CCS also operates online platforms for taking market-liberal ideas to a mass audience:  o Spontaneous Order is an online commentary on contemporary issues from the liberal perspective;  o Indian Liberals serves a repository of Indian liberal writings from the early 19th century to present times; and o Azadi.me is CCS' Hindi portal of commentaries and dialogues, reaching out to the Hindi speaking readership in India.   Over 8,500 individuals, including young leaders, development professionals and journalists have graduated from CCS; 10 of them have gone on to start their own policy research organisations   Incubated by CCS, the Indian School of Public Policy is India's first management and design-thinking focused school of public policy. With 56 policy scholars today, the school furthers the vision of developing a cadre of policy leaders with the knowledge, skills, wisdom and ethics to understand, design and implement local solutions to India's enduring policy and governance challenges.

CCS has also received four international Templeton Freedom Awards for market-based solutions to poverty alleviation, initiatives in public relations, and institutional excellence.[7][8][9]

A number of notable people have supported CCS’ work, including Gurcharan Das, Swaminathan Aiyar and Milton Friedman, who was the inspiration for the founding of the Centre as well as the School Choice Campaign. Friedman praised the Centre for "serving a vital role in facilitating India’s movement from a centralised economy to a free-market, private-enterprise economy."

Some of the accomplishments of the Centre's advocacy campaigns are:

Education:

  • Elimination of the essentiality certificate required to start a school in Delhi.[10]
  • Inclusion in RTE of a quasi-voucher model through 25% reservation in private schools for children from economically weaker sections.
  • Adoption of the voucher idea in 3 big states [11]

Livelihoods:

  • Drafting of National Street Vendor policy [12]
  • Passing of street vendor legislation in Rajasthan [13]
  • Declaration of bamboo as a grass by the Union Environment Minister Jairam Ramesh in 2011

Governance:

  • Inclusion in Right to Information Act of ‘Duty to Publish’.

Areas of Work

School Choice Campaign

The Centre works in the arena of education reforms, running an advocacy and research initiative, School Choice Campaign. The Campaign focuses on bringing about reforms in the system of school education in India through Education Vouchers, Regulatory Reforms, and Encouraging Edupreneurs [14]

Education Vouchers

Through pilot projects, CCS has tested the applicability of school vouchers and other reform ideas and identified implementation strategies. They have worked with governments that have announced voucher schemes, like Uttarakhand, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh, to design, implement and evaluate these schemes.

Delhi Voucher Pilot

School Choice Campaign has test run philanthropically funded pilot projects in Delhi since 2007. They designed and ran India's first voucher pilot, Delhi Voucher Project.[15][16][17]

School Vouchers for Girls

The School Vouchers for Girls (SVG) pilot in North East Delhi is financing 400 girls from disadvantaged backgrounds[18][19] to attend a school of their choice. The pilot is in its third year of implementation and has observed positive changes in learning outcomes among voucher children.[20][21] Over the years, School Choice has been supported by corporate leaders like Narayan Murthy, Anu Aga, Gurcharan Das and Nandan Nilekani and political leaders like Ajay Maken, Deepender Singh Hooda, Baijayant Panda, Sheila Dikshit, and Arvinder Singh Lovely. Civil society organisations like Deepalaya and Pratham also have voiced their support for School Choice.

Regulatory Reform

For regulatory reform, CCS is working towards increasing choice and competition in education through school vouchers and voucher-type tools that "fund students, not schools."

The School Choice Campaign's research and advocacy with respect to the Right to Education Act is focusing on:

  • Evaluating the process and impact of 25% reservation for children from economically weaker sections in private schools.
  • Auditing the Right to Education Act (RTE) using community score cards.
  • Identifying the difference in learning outcomes between public and private schools.

The School Choice Campaign has built a Right to Education coalition and portal[22] that provides a space for the exchange of experiences, ideas, and grievance redressal. There is also a helpline, set up in collaboration with municipal corporations to provide parents of economically weak sections information about the Act.[23][24]

Encouraging Edupreneurs

CCS has catalysed the creation of the National Independent Schools Alliance, a platform the education service providers, school owners and associations who are advocating for the rights of budget private schools. These schools face closure in the face of the RTE that sets forward norms and standards for obtaining a certificate of recognition.

Jeevika Campaign

Jeevika is a campaign to develop public policy measures that lead to deregulation of exit and entry barriers. Jeevika is currently active in Jaipur and Patna, working to get the Street Vendor Policy/Bill implemented. Their efforts have had success in both states. Rajasthan passed the Street Vendor Law and Bihar is continuing discussions on the Bill.

Documentary Festival

Under Jeevika, CCS organised the first Asia Livelihood Documentary Festival in August 2004. The objective was to create awareness about the livelihood space and to promote filmmakers who work on livelihood issues. The Centre concluded the 11th Asia Livelihood Documentary Festival in December 2014. The festival has provided a platform to filmmakers, activists and artists from various fields from across South Asia and disseminated information about livelihood trials and tribulations. Students are also invited to participate and send in entries to the festival.[25][26][27][28]

The Centre's ‘Bamboo is not a tree’ campaign had its beginnings in a documentary screened at the Jeevika festival in 2009. Bamboo was classified as a grass by the Ministry of Environment and Forests in 2011. This is expected to provide relief to those relying on bamboo-based products for their living. The Jeevika festival is entering its 12th year. Guests in the past have included actors like Shabana Azmi, Nandita Das, and Rahul Bose as well as dignitaries like the former Minister of Home Affairs, P. Chidambaram.

CCS Academy

The Centre runs public policy training programs through CCS Academy, an initiative to spread liberal philosophy through workshops, colloquia and student programmes such as internships.

ipolicy

A series of certificate courses in public policy for young leaders, journalists, public officials, and corporate executives. The Centre hosts 25-30 of these courses a year.

iJustice

iJustice is a public interest legal advocacy forum initiative of the Centre. It aims at promoting laws in personal, economic and social liberties through advocacy and litigation.

Internships

The Centre receives over 300 applications to its internship programmes and hosts over 20 interns every year in winter and summer internships. The interns receive training in the field of research and policy analysis.

Colloquium

The Centre also regularly holds colloquia on different themes, such as history of liberal thought in India, and property rights.

Over 7000 young people have passed through the courses that CCS offers. Alumni have gone on to pursue careers in public policy, working as economists, social scientists, and public officials around the globe.

RTE Portal

The Centre launched a Right to Education portal, an online resource centre for information regarding the Right to Education Act, 2009.

Publications

Within the Academy, CCS publishes and markets liberal resources, such as primers, monographs and handbooks on various issues. Amongst its periodicals are CCS Impact, the organisation's quarterly newsletter and ‘Student First! News’, a weekly compilation of the developments in the education sector. It also publishes the Liberty & Society Series, a compilation of lectures from various talks and policy trainings. CCS has also published and publicised Public Choice – A Primer by Eamonn Butler, The Morality of Capitalism by Gurcharan Das and State of Governance: Delhi Citizen Handbook 2009 amongst other titles.[29][30]

Azadi.me

The Centre has created a portal in Hindi called Azadi.me which is a joint venture between Cato and CCS under the Atlas Foundation's Global initiative[31] to set up a libertarian website in Hindi. This is a platform for providing content, launching new initiatives, and managing campaigns. The website serves as a medium for information distribution and insights into a range of liberal issues to people whose first language is Hindi.

ACE

In collaboration with the Atlas Foundation, CCS has set up the Asia Centre for Enterprise. ACE is a "mentor and angel investor", offering training and guidance to liberal intellectual entrepreneurs to build and scale their organizations.[32] It is also a platform for these organisations to come together and share learnings and best practices.

20 Years, 20 Champions

20 years 20 champions campaign [33] is bi-annual profiling of 20 select alumni to recognise and celebrate their contributions to creating a freer society.

  • Yavnika Khanna, Liberty & Society Seminar, 2003
  • Yugank Goyal, Researching Reality Internship, 2005
  • Rishi Kochhar, Liberty & Society Seminar, 2002
  • Bhanu Joshi, Researching Reality Internship, 2009
  • Sujatha Muthayya, Liberty & Society Seminar, 1999
  • Abhinav Singh, ìpolicy: Certificate Course in Public Policy, 2012
  • Venkatesh Geriti, ìpolicy: Certificate Course in Public Policy, 2013
  • Manan Vyas, ìpolicy: Certificate Course in Public Policy, 2012
  • Renu Pokharna, Liberty & Society Seminar, 2002
  • Trisha Mani, Credit Course in Economics & Public Policy, St Xavier's College, Mumbai, 2015
  • Swati Chawla, Liberty, Arts & Culture Seminar, 2004

Other Undertakings

Resources

The Centre maintains a library of over 5000 books on philosophy, economics, sociology, anthropology and politics. It also receives publications (books, journals, and newsletters) of think tanks from around the world.

Websites and Blogs

In addition to CCS websites like CCS.in, SchoolChoice.in, and Jeevika.org, the Centre also manages the websites and groups listed below. The School Choice website has a blog that discusses the daily developments in the field of education in India.

  • Swaminomics.org: CCS maintains this website where Swaminathan Aiyer, a veteran in the field of economy and finance writes on various issues of public importance.
  • Gurcharandas.org: Columnist, novelist, playwright, and management consultant, Gurcharan Das comments on the current Indian social cultural and economic scenario on this website. This site is also maintained by CCS.
  • Spontaneous Order eGroup: This is the CCS discussion group on ideas, principles, and policies that help create a civil society.
  • NisaIndia.org: Website for the National Independent Schools Alliance, managed by CCS.
  • Acenetwork.asia: Website for the Asia Centre for Enterprise, a collaboration between Atlas Economic Research Foundation and CCS that works on recruitment and training of think tank leaders. The website is amongst CCS’ online properties.

Board

Present: [34][35][36]

Trustees
  • Luis Miranda, Chairman of the Board.
  • Ashish Dhawan, Founder and CEO, Central Square Foundation, Winner of Forbes’ ‘Nextgen leader in philanthropy award’ [37][38]
  • Gurcharan Das, Author and Columnist, former CEO Procter & Gamble India.[39]
  • Iris Madeira, COO, Madhav Desai Consulting.
  • Parth J Shah, President and Founding Trustee, Centre for Civil Society.
  • Premila Nazareth, Independent governance and research consultant.

Advisors

Scholars
  • Ajay Shah, Professor, National Institute for Public Finance and Policy. Listed in Top 10 economists in the Indian Express supplement ‘The Most Powerful Indians in 2010 ’, January 2010 and the list of experts who are most influential in their fields by Business Standard [40][41]
  • Deepak Lal, Professor of International Development Studies at University of California, Los Angeles
  • Isher Judge Ahluwalia, Former Director, Indian Council for Research in International Economic Relations, Listed in Top 10 economists in the Indian Express supplement ‘The Most Powerful Indians in 2013', April 2013.[42]
  • Leland Yeager, Professor Emeritus, Auburn University and the University of Virginia
  • Swaminathan Aiyar, Consulting Editor, Economic Times
  • Jagdish Bhagwati, Professor of Economics, Columbia University
  • Surjit S Bhalla, Managing Director, Oxus Research and Investments, Listed in Top 10 economists in the Indian Express supplement ‘The Most Powerful Indians in 2013', April 2013.[43]
  • Lord Meghnad Desai, Economist and Professor Emeritus at the London School of Economics
  • Shreekant Gupta, Professor, Delhi School of Economics
  • Urjit Patel, Former Executive Director, Infrastructure Development Finance Corporation

See also

References
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