Carola B. Eisenberg

Carola Blitzman Eisenberg (born September 15, 1917) was the first woman to hold the position of Dean of Students at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. From 1978 to 1990, she was the Dean of Student Affairs at Harvard Medical School (HMS). She has for a long time been Lecturer in the newly renamed Department of Global Health and Social Medicine at HMS (formerly the Department of Social Medicine). She is also both a Founding Member of Physicians for Human Rights and an Honorary Psychiatrist with the Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, a longstanding position there.

Carola B. Eisenberg
Born (1917-09-15) September 15, 1917
Argentina
NationalityArgentine
CitizenshipUS (naturalized 1949)
OccupationPsychiatrist, Child Psychiatrist, Medical Educator
Spouse(s)Manfred Guttmacher, MD (deceased)
Leon Eisenberg, MD, ScD (deceased)
ChildrenAlan Edward Guttmacher, MD;
Laurence Guttmacher, MD

Since her retirement, she has been involved in human rights work through Physicians for Human Rights (PHR), Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI), and elsewhere. She turned 100 in September 2017[1] and is still living on her own in her own home.

Career

She is a native Argentine and is a cofounder of Physicians for Human Rights and currently its Vice President and the Chair of its Asylum Committee. Her dissertation on "A Histological Study of Tay–Sachs Disease" was presented in 1944 for her medical degree at the University of Buenos Aires in Argentina. She is also a 1935 graduate of the School of Psychiatric Social Work in Hospicio De Las Mercedes (Hospice of the Virgin of Mercy),[2][3] Argentina. After receiving her medical degree from the University of Buenos Aires and taking her psychiatric training at the Hospicio De Las Mercedes, she emigrated to the U.S. and became Fellow in Child Psychiatry at the Johns Hopkins Hospital, Johns Hopkins Medical School, Baltimore, Maryland. She is licensed to practice medicine (psychiatry) in Maryland (1955) and Massachusetts (1971). She served on the faculty of the Johns Hopkins Medical School from 1958–1967 before becoming a staff psychiatrist at the Student Health Service of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. From 1972 to 1978, she served as Dean of Students at MIT, the first woman to occupy that position and the first to serve on the Academic Council, its highest academic governing authority. In 1978, after leaving MIT, she was appointed Dean for Student Affairs at Harvard Medical School, where she served for 12 years (1978–1990). From 1990 to 1992, she was Director of the International Programs for Medical Students at HMS.

Throughout her career, she has consulted with the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) (1979), Swarthmore College (1984), Mental Health Division of the World Health Organization (1985), Committee on Human Rights and Medical Practice, American College of Physicians (1989–1993), National Institutes of Health (1992), Office of the Surgeon General, Department of Health and Human Services (1992), National Research Council of the National Academy of Science and The National Academy of Engineering (1992–1996), and the National Institutes of Health (1995–1998).

She has been a member of human rights missions to El Salvador, Chile, and Paraguay. She founded and served as Vice President of Physicians for Human Rights USA, headquartered in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and as President of the Examiners Club of Boston. She served on the Committee on Women in Science and Engineering of the National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences and is currently a member of the Advisory Committee to the Office of Research on Women’s Health of the National Institutes of Health.

She is a member of Boston's Examiner Club and active in both The Cambridge-based Institute for Healthcare Improvement and the Oral History Project of the Foundation for the History of Women in Medicine, and is active in human rights issues broadly.

She is the widow of Leon Eisenberg, MD, Presley Professor of Social Medicine and Professor of Psychiatry Emeritus in the Department of Global Health and Social Medicine of the Harvard Medical School of Boston. As the wife of the late Dr. Manfred Guttmacher (brother of Alan Frank Guttmacher), she is the mother of Laurence B. Guttmacher, MD, who is Clinical Professor of Psychiatry and Medical Humanities and also Advisory Dean, University of Rochester School of Medicine (URMC), and Alan Edward Guttmacher, MD, who succeeded Dr. Francis Sellers Collins (now National Institutes of Health Director) as Acting Director of the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) at NIH, but since Dec. 1, 2009, has been Acting Director, then Director of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), also at NIH.

Timeline of life and achievements

Prizes and awards

Other honors

Boards

Other affiliations

Bibliography
  • Eisenberg, C. Similarities and Differences Between Men and Women as Students. J. Amer. Med. Women's Assoc. 1981:35–36, 48–50.
  • Eisenberg, C. Honduras: Mental Health Awareness Changes a Community. World Health Forum, I (1,2):72–77, 1980.
  • Eisenberg, C. Caring. Harvard Medical Alumni Bulletin, Vol. 55:16–17, 48–49, 1981 (summer).
  • Eisenberg, C. Women as Physicians. Journal of Medical Education, Vol. 58, 534–541, July 1983.
  • Eisenberg, C; Halperin, D; Hargreaves, A; Hubbard, F; Mittleberger, J; Palmisano, J; Stanbury, J (1983). "Health and human rights in El Salvador". The New England Journal of Medicine. 308 (17): 1028–9. doi:10.1056/NEJM198304283081713. PMID 6835310.
  • Eisenberg, C. Mental Health and the College Student. Mental Health and the Schools, S. Leung (ed.) Vancouver, University of British Columbia Press, 1985.
  • Eisenberg, C., Foreword to a Student-to-Student Guide to Medical School by R.W. Betcher, M.D. Little, Brown and Co., Boston 1985.
  • Eisenberg, C (1986). "It is still a privilege to be a doctor". The New England Journal of Medicine. 314 (17): 1113–4. doi:10.1056/NEJM198604243141710. PMID 3960083. Reprinted in: The Advisor, 6:18-19, 1986. Reprinted in: On Doctoring: Stories, Poems, Essays. Edited by R. Reynolds and J. Stone. Simon and Schuster, N.Y., 1991; 2nd Edition 1996, 3rd Edition 2002. Commentary on Eisenberg's lead place in volume.
  • Eisenberg, C. The Stresses of Beginning Teaching. Journal of the Harvard-Danforth Center, 2:17, 1987 (January)
  • Geiger, J; Eisenberg, C; Gloyd, S; Quiroga, J; Schlenker, T; Scrimshaw, N; Devin, J (1989). "A new medical mission to El Salvador". The New England Journal of Medicine. 321 (16): 1136–40. doi:10.1056/NEJM198910193211629. PMID 2797078.
  • Eisenberg, C (1989). "Medicine is no longer a man's profession. Or, when the men's club goes coed it's time to change the regs". The New England Journal of Medicine. 321 (22): 1542–4. doi:10.1056/NEJM198911303212210. PMID 2811973.
  • Eisenberg, C. Matters of Faith: Students Follow Their Own Course. Harvard Medical Alumni Bulletin, 63:20-23,1990.
  • Eisenberg, C (1991). "Affirmative action for women and promotion of academic excellence". Academic Medicine. 66 (11): 678–9. doi:10.1097/00001888-199111000-00008. PMID 1747176.
  • Eisenberg, C. Confidentiality in Psychotherapy: The case of Anne Sexton. (Letters to the Editor) New England Journal of Medicine, 325(20):1451, 1991. 1
  • Women's Rights: The Coming Tidal Wave NIH Conference on Women in Biomedical Careers: Dynamics of Change: Strategies for the 21st Century Introductory Remarks June 11, 1992 Pooks Hill Marriott Hotel Bethesda, Maryland, reprinted in Journal of Women's Health. 1992 (Fall);1(3):235–237.
  • "Landmines: A Deadly Legacy" in Landmines by Arms Project (Human Rights Watch), Physicians for Human Rights (U.S.) – co-author
  • Health and Public Policy Committee by the Human Rights and Medical Practice Subcommittee (including Carola Eisenberg) (1995) The Role of the Physician and the Medical Profession in the Prevention of International Torture and in the Treatment of Its Survivors. Annals of Internal Medicine 15 April 1995;122(8):607–613.
  • Eisenberg, C. (1995) The Struggle To Get There, In: Women in Biomedical Careers: Dynamics of Change: Strategies for the 21st Century. Full report of the workshop. Washington, National Institute of Health. Office for Research on Women's Health. NIH publication, No.95-3565; 18–21.
  • Eisenberg, C. (1996). "Review of A New Prescription for Women's Health by Bernadine Healy". New England Journal of Medicine. 335: 1614–15. doi:10.1056/nejm199611213352119.
  • Eisenberg, C. (1996) Women doctors: Where do we come from? What are we? Where are we going? Annals of Behavioral Science and Medical Education, 1996;3:1.
  • Eisenberg, C. Mental Health of People and the Effects of War on Children. One World, One Language: Paving the Way to Better Perspectives for Mental Health. Edited by JJ Lopez-Ibor, F. Lieh-Mak, HM Visotsky and M. Maj. Hogrefe & Huber Publishers, Seattle, 1999, pp. 88–93.
  • Eisenberg, C. (1999) Medicine and Human Rights. XI World Congress of Psychiatry Hamburg, Germany.
  • Meeting the Nation's Needs for Biomedical and Behavioral Scientists: Committee on National Needs for Biomedical and Behavioral Research Personnel (1994)
  • Institute of Medicine (IOM)
  • Hannibal K, Eisenberg C, Heggenhougen HK (2004) Integrating Human Rights into Medical Education.
  • Eisenberg, C. (2004) Giving Women a Break when Few Men Did. In Jerry Wiesner: Scientist, Statesman, Humanist: Memories and Memoirs by Jerome Bert Wiesner, Walter A. Rosenblith, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press ISBN 9780262182324 OCLC 52134711
  • Open Letter from US Medical Leaders to 2004 Presidential Candidates (2004): "Leading Health Professional Sign-On Letter Regarding Antipersonnel Landmines to Presidential Candidates"
  • Eisenberg, C. (2007) Women have improved the quality of medicine: a capsule history. In DeAngelis C (Editor), Women and Medicine: A Macy Foundation Conference. New York City: Josiah Macy, Jr. Foundation, pages 37–40.
  • Eisenberg, C. (1999) Keynote Address – “Without Struggle There is No Progress” – at NIH-sponsored conference, "Achieving XXcellence in Health" – Advancing Women’s Contributions to Science through Professional Societies. , cosponsored by National Institutes of Health in conjunction with National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), and The American Society for Cell Biology, Washington, D.C., December 1999. pp. 21–23.

Presentations at professional meetings
  • "Juvenile Delinquency"—United Nations Conference on the Prevention of Delinquency, Tokyo, Japan, 1963
  • "Psychiatric Disturbances in Adolescence"—Argentinian Congress of Child Psychiatry, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1969
  • "Psychiatric Services for College Students"—Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece, 1969
  • "Sexual Problems in Adolescence"—Ciba Foundation Conference, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, England, 1971
  • "Pediatric Psychiatry"—Tufts University Postgraduate Course, St. Maartens, 1971
  • "Epidemiology of Adolescent Psychiatric Disorder"—Venezuelan Congress of Psychiatry, Mérida, 1975
  • "Sexual Development"—Los Angeles County Pediatric Society, Palm Springs, California, 1975
  • "Student Health"—Presentation to Venezuelan Ministry of Health, Caracas, 1976
  • "Dual Career Marriages"—Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 1977 (April)
  • "The Adjustment to College"—American Academy of Pediatrics, New York City, 1977 (November)
  • "College Life"—Presentations to Massachusetts Institute of Technology Alumni Clubs, Mexico, London, Paris, 1980
  • "Psychotherapy"—CIBA Foundation Conference, Glasgow University Medical School, 1978
  • "Reproductive Freedom: The Responsibility of the Medical Profession"—Annual Meeting of the *Planned Parenthood Federation of America, Inc., San Diego, California, 1978
  • "Mental Health in Honduras: The Community Approach"—World Health Forum, Tegulcigalpa, Honduras, 1979
  • "Similarities and Differences Between Men and Women as Students"—Elizabeth Garrett Symposium at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1979
  • "Medical Student Life"—Presentation to Harvard Surgical Alumni Group—Chicago, Illinois, 1979
  • "The Response to Trauma"—CIBA Foundation Conference, Sheffield Medical School, UK, March 1980
  • Commencement Address, Harvard Medical School, June 1981
  • "Clinical Research Career for Women"—Chairwoman, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 1984
  • "Primary Health Care"—CIBA Foundation Conference, Nottingham Medical School, United Kingdom, November, 1984
  • "A Career in Medicine: Is It Still Worth It?"—A.O.A. Lecture, Case Western Reserve University, April 1986
  • Commencement Speech—Albert Einstein College of Medicine, May 1987
  • "Medicine and Dental Medicine as Vocations of Service to Others"—Convocation, The University of Connecticut School of Medicine, August, 1987
  • Commencement Speech—University of Vermont College of Medicine, May, 1988
  • "College Mental Health"—Massachusetts General Hospital, Postgraduate Course, April 1989
  • "The Pleasures of Medicine"—invited address, University of Rochester, March, 1990
  • Symposium on Women in Medicine—invited address, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, April, 1991
  • Participant, Women's Leadership Conference, Radcliffe College, Summer, 1991
  • Co-Chair, NIH Conference: "Women in Biomedical Careers" 11 June 1992
  • Plenary Speaker, Conference on Women in Math, Science and Engineering,
  • A.A.A.S. and Women's College Coalition, 14 November 1992
  • Keynote Speaker, 75th Anniversary of the Admission of Women
  • Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, 8 October 1993
  • Grand Rounds, Department of Pediatrics, University of Vermont: Physicians and Human Rights, 12 April 1995
  • Plenary Address, Society for Behavioral Science and Medical Education, Naples, Florida, 7 October 1995
  • Plenary Address, Conference on Women in Medicine, University of Rochester, 26 April 1996
  • Keynote Speaker, White Coat Ceremony, New Jersey College of Medicine, Newark, 22 August 1996
  • Keynote Speaker, White Coat Ceremony, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York City, 23 August 1996
  • Plenary Speaker, Children and War, World Congress of Psychiatry, Madrid, 28 August 1996
  • Grand Rounds, Cambridge Hospital, 18 September 1996
  • Leadership Conference, Radcliffe College, 14 December 1996
  • Visiting Lecturer, University of Cape Town, South Africa, 17–28 March 1997: Human Rights and Health, War and Children, Women and Medicine
  • Women’s Leadership Project, Radcliffe College, September 1997, September 1998: Sessions on: careers; race and gender; leadership roles
  • Speaker: The Effects of War on Children, XI International Congress of Pediatrics, The Netherlands, August 1998
  • Physicians and Women’s Rights, Center for Psychological Health, Radcliffe
  • Grand Rounds Psychiatry, Strong Memorial Hospital, University of Rochester, February 1999
  • Keynote Speaker: "Without Struggle, There Is No Progress", Achieving XXcellence in Science, cosponsored by National Institutes of Health in conjunction with National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), and The American Society for Cell Biology, Washington, D.C., December 1999. pp. 21–23.
  • Radcliffe Intellectual Renewal Conference: Protecting Human Rights: Whose Job Is It? Endicott Peabody Conference Center, June 15, 2001
  • Macy Conference on Psychiatry. Toronto, Canada. October 2001
  • Jonathan Mann Lecture, University of New Mexico School of Mexico, December 2001
  • Human Rights and the Physician, University of Rochester School of Medicine, April 2002
  • Rights and Responsibilities of Physicians, Bioethics Panel, 2004 Conference on International Health, MIT Hippocratic Society, Cambridge, MA, April 24–25, 2004.
  • Commencement Address, University of Rochester School of Medicine, May 15, 2004.

Other professional and academic lectures

Human rights missions (with PHR)
  • El Salvador, January 1983
  • Chile, July–August 1986
  • Paraguay, May 1988
  • El Salvador, June 1989

References
  1. Staff (2017-10-22). "Langlands turns 100". Dawn. Retrieved 2017-11-01.
  2. Men's Hospital of the Virgin of Mercy
  3. The limits of psychiatric reform in Argentina, 1890–1946 pp. 226–247
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