Campbell Lake (Anchorage, Alaska)

Campbell Lake was formed in the late 1950s when Anchorage resident David Alm constructed an earthen dam to block the outflow of Campbell Creek, creating an artificial lake over intertidal wetlands.[1] It is home to several notable Anchorage residents including former newspaper publisher Alice Rogoff, who hosted sitting US President Barack Obama at her lakeside residence in 2015 during his only visit to Alaska.[2]

The Campbell Lake dam failed during the 1964 Anchorage earthquake and again in 1989 when heavy rains caused a nearly 20-fold increase in water flow into the lake.[3][4] During the 2018 Anchorage earthquake, a sewer pipe became dislodged under the lakebed, requiring drainage of the lake in May 2019 for repairs.[5]

Campbell Lake receives inflow from a portion of the Chugach Mountains via the Campbell Creek watershed. Its outflow is a shallow estuary into Turnagain Arm. Lake water temperatures exhibit a thermocline in summer and a reverse thermocline in winter, with surface temperatures varying between approximately 0 °C (32 °F) in December to 18 °C (64 °F) in July.

Several fish species can be found in the lake including coho salmon, chinook salmon, and blackfish. The lake has been stocked with coho salmon by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game to support upstream sport fishing, but fishing is not permitted in the lake.

In September 2019, Campbell Lake was the subject of an investigative report arguing that the lake, which was long held to be private, was public under Alaska statutory law.[1][6][7] In December 2019, the City of Anchorage and State of Alaska released a joint statement clarifying that the lake is open to the public for "boating and all forms of permissible recreation."[8]

Campbell Lake can be legally accessed by the public in one of three ways:[8]

1. By water, using Campbell Creek
2. By air, using a floatplane or other aircraft
3. By land, using one of two public easements, both of which can be used "without permission" of private property owners.[8] These easements were surveyed and marked in January 2020.[9]

• List of lakes of Alaska
• Sturgeon v. Frost - Two Supreme Court of the United States cases about public access to Alaskan navigable waterways.