Bradysia

Bradysia
	Bradysia praecox from Commanster, in the Belgian High Ardennes
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Diptera
Superfamily:	Sciaroidea
Family:	Sciaridae
Genus:	Bradysia; Winnertz 1867[1]
Species
	See text
Synonyms[2]
	Dasysciara Kieffer, 1903; Neosciara Pettey, 1918 ; Fungivorides Lengersdorf, 1926 ; Lamprosciara Frey, 1948 ; Paractenosciara Sasakawa, 1998 ;

Bradysia is a genus of fungus gnat in the family Sciaridae.[3][4] They are commonly known as darkwinged fungus gnats.[3] They are considered a major pest in greenhouse agriculture because they thrive in the moist conditions common inside greenhouses and feed on the plants being grown within.[5] Bradysia is a large genus containing over 500 living species,[6] with at least 65 species found in North America[3] and 172 in Europe.[2]

Bradysia species are a major pollinator of plants such as Aspidistra elatior.[7]

Species

Selected species of Bradysia include:[6][8][9]

Bradysia affinis (Zettersted, 1838)^{C N}
Bradysia alpicola (Winnertz, 1867)^{C N}
Bradysia amoena (Winnertz, 1867)^N
Bradysia angustipennis (Winnertz, 1867)^{C N}
Bradysia angustoocularis Mohrig & Krivosheina, 1989 ^{C N}
Bradysia aprica (Winnertz, 1867)^{C I}
Bradysia arcula Vilkamaa, Salmela & Hippa, 2007^{C I}
Bradysia atracornea Mohrig & Menzel, 1992^{C I}
Bradysia austera Menzel et al., 2006[10]
Bradysia bellingeri Shaw, 1953^{C I}
Bradysia biformis (Lundbeck, 1898)^I
Bradysia bispina (Fisher, 1938)^I
Bradysia brevispina Tuomikoski, 1960^{C N}
Bradysia browni (Shaw, 1935)^{C I N}
Bradysia caldaria (Linyner, 1895)^I
Bradysia cellarum Frey, 1948^{C N}
Bradysia chlorocornea Mohrig & Menzel, 1992^{C N}
Bradysia cinerascens (Grzegorzek, 1884)^{C N}
Bradysia confinis (Winnertz, 1867)^{C N}
Bradysia coprophila (Lintner, 1895)^{C N I}
Bradysia cucumeris (Johannsen, 1912)^I
Bradysia cuneiforma Komarova, 1997^{C N}
Bradysia dichaeta (Shaw, 1941)^I
Bradysia diluta (Johannsen, 1912)^I
Bradysia distincta (Staeger, 1840)^{C N}
Bradysia dux (Johannsen, 1912)^I
Bradysia ericia (Pettey, 1918)^I
Bradysia excelsa Menzel & Mohrig, 1998^{C N}
Bradysia expolit (Coquillett, 1900)^I
Bradysia falcata (Pettey, 1918)^I
Bradysia fatigans (Johannsen, 1912)^I
Bradysia felti (Pettey, 1918)^I
Bradysia fenestralis (Zetterstedt, 1838)^{C N}
Bradysia flavipila Tuomikoski, 1960^{C N}
Bradysia fochi (Pettey, 1918)^I
Bradysia forcipulata (Lundbeck, 1898)^I
Bradysia fugaca Mohrig & Mamaev, 1989^{C N}
Bradysia fulvicauda (Felt, 1898)^I
Bradysia fumida (Johannsen, 1912)^I
Bradysia fungicola (Winnertz, 1867)^{C N}
Bradysia giraudii (Egger, 1862)^{C N}
Bradysia groenlandica (Holmgren, 1872)^I
Bradysia hamata (Pettey, 1918)^I
Bradysia hartii (Johannsen, 1912)^I
Bradysia hastata (Johannsen, 1912)^I
Bradysia heydemanni (Lengersdorf, 1955)^{C N}
Bradysia hilariformis Tuomikoski, 1960^N
Bradysia hygida Sauaia & Alves, 1968^{C N}
Bradysia fungicola (Winnertz, 1867)^{C N}
Bradysia impatiens (Johannsen, 1912)^{C N I}
Bradysia inusitata Tuomikoski, 1960^{C N}
Bradysia iridipennis (Zetterstedt, 1838)^{C N I}
Bradysia ismayi Menzel et al., 2006[10]
Bradysia johannseni Enderlein, 1912^I
Bradysia jucunda (Johannsen, 1912)^I
Bradysia kaiseri (Shaw, 1941)^I
Bradysia lapponica (Lengersdorf, 1926)^{C N}
Bradysia lembkei Mohrig & Menzel, 1990^{C N}
Bradysia lobosa (Pettey, 1918)^I
Bradysia longicubitalis (Lengersdorf, 1924)^{C N}
Bradysia longimentula Sasakawa, 1994^{C N}
Bradysia longispina (Pettey, 1918)^I
Bradysia loriculata Mohrig, 1985^{C N}
Bradysia macclurei (Shaw, 1941)^I
Bradysia macfarlanei (Jones, 1920)^I
Bradysia macroptera (Pettey, 1918)^I
Bradysia mellea (Johannsen, 1912)^I
Bradysia mesochra (Shaw, 1941)^I
Bradysia moesta Frey, 1948^{C N}
Bradysia munda (Johannsen, 1912)^I
Bradysia mutua (Johannsen, 1912)^I
Bradysia neglecta (Johannsen, 1912)^I
Bradysia nemoralis (Meigen, 1818)^I
Bradysia nervosa (Meigen, 1818)^I
Bradysia nitidicollis (Meigen, 1818)^{C N}
Bradysia nigripes (Meigen, 1830)^I
Bradysia nigrispina Menzel et al., 2006[10]
Bradysia nomica Mohrig & Rsschmann, 1996^{C N}
Bradysia normalis Frey, 1948^{C N}
Bradysia ocellaris (Comstock, 1882)^{C N}
Bradysia odoriphaga Yang & Zhang, 1985^{C N}
Bradysia ovata (Pettey, 1918)^I
Bradysia pallipes (Fabricius, 1787)^{C N}
Bradysia paradichaeta (Shaw, 1941)^I
Bradysia parilis (Johannsen, 1912)^I
Bradysia pauperata (Winnertz, 1867)^{C N}
Bradysia pectoralis (Staeger, 1840)^{C N}
Bradysia penna (Pettey, 1918)^I
Bradysia peraffinis Tuomikoski, 1960^{C N}
Bradysia petaini (Pettey, 1918)^I
Bradysia picea (Rubsaamen, 1894)^I
Bradysia pilata (Pettey, 1918)^I
Bradysia placida (Winnertz, 1867)^{C N}
Bradysia pollicis (Pettey, 1918)^I
Bradysia polonica (Lengersdorf, 1929)^{C N}
Bradysia praecox (Meigen, 1818)^{C N}
Bradysia procera (Winnertz, 1868)^{C N}
Bradysia prolifica (Felt, 1898)^I
Bradysia protohilaris Mohrig & Krivosheina, 1983^{C N}
Bradysia quadrispinistylata Alam, 1988^{C N}
Bradysia quadrispinosa (Pettey, 1918)^I
Bradysia quadrispinosa (Pettey, 1918)^I
Bradysia reflexa Tuomikoski, 1960^{C N}
Bradysia sachalinensis Mohrig & Krivosheina, 1989^{C N}
Bradysia scabricornis Tuomikoski, 1960^{C N}
Bradysia sexdentata (Pettey, 1918)^I
Bradysia silvestrii (Kieffer, 1910)^I
Bradysia similigibbosa Köhler & Menzel, 2013[4]
Bradysia smithae Menzel & Heller, 2005^{C N}
Bradysia spinata (Pettey, 1918)^I
Bradysia splendida Mohrig & Krivosheina, 1989^{C N}
Bradysia strenua (Winnertz, 1867)^{C N}
Bradysia strigata (Staeger, 1840)^{C N}
Bradysia subaprica Mohrig & Krivosheina, 1989^{C N}
Bradysia subgrandis (Shaw, 1941)^I
Bradysia subrufescens Mohrig & Krivosheina, 1989^{C N}
Bradysia subvernalis Mohrig & Heller, 1992^{C N}
Bradysia tilicola (Loew, 1850)^{C N}
Bradysia trifurca (Pettey, 1918)^I
Bradysia trispinifera Mohrig & Krivosheina, 1979^{C N}
Bradysia tritici (Coquillett, 1895)^I
Bradysia trivialis (Johannsen, 1912)^I
Bradysia trivittata (Staeger, 1840)^{C N}
Bradysia trivittata (Staeger, 1840)^{C N}
Bradysia unguicauda (Malloch, 1923)^I
Bradysia urticae Mohrig & Menzel, 1992^{C N}
Bradysia vagans (Winnertz, 1868)^{C N}
Bradysia varians (Johannsen, 1912)^I
Bradysia vernalis (Winnertz, 1868)^{C N}
Bradysia zetterstedti Mohrig & Menzel, 1993^{C N}

Data sources: C = Catalogue of Life,[6] I = ITIS,[8] N = NCBI[9]

References

"Genus Bradysia". BugGuide. Iowa State University Department of Entomology. Retrieved 2019-08-17.
"Bradysia Winnertz, 1867". Fauna Europaea. Retrieved 2019-08-18.
"darkwinged fungus gnats - Bradysia spp". entnemdept.ufl.edu. Retrieved 2019-08-18.
Köhler, Arne; Menzel, Frank (2013). "New records of Black Fungus Gnats (Diptera: Sciaridae) from New Caledonia, with the description of two new Bradysia species and an updated checklist". Zootaxa. Magnolia Press. 3718 (1): 63–72. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3718.1.5. PMID 26258208. S2CID 23947245.a
Cloyd, Raymond (2015-04-09). "Ecology of Fungus Gnats (Bradysia spp.) in Greenhouse Production Systems Associated with Disease-Interactions and Alternative Management Strategies". Insects. 6 (2): 325–332. doi:10.3390/insects6020325. ISSN 2075-4450. PMC 4553482. PMID 26463188.
"Browse Bradysia". Catalogue of Life. Retrieved 2019-08-18.
Suetsugu, Kenji; Sueyoshi, Masahiro (2018-01-01). "Subterranean flowers of Aspidistra elatior are mainly pollinated by not terrestrial amphipods but fungus gnats" (PDF). Ecology. 99 (1): 244–246. doi:10.1002/ecy.2021. ISSN 1939-9170. PMID 29136275.
"Bradysia". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2019-08-17.
"Bradysia". NCBI Taxonomy Browser. Retrieved 2019-08-17.
Menzel, Frank; Smith, Jane E.; Chandler, Peter J. (2006). "The sciarid fauna of the British Isles (Diptera: Sciaridae), including descriptions of six new species". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 146 (1): 1–147. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2006.00190.x. ISSN 0024-4082.

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[BugGuide-1] "Genus Bradysia". BugGuide. Iowa State University Department of Entomology. Retrieved 2019-08-17.

[FE-2] "Bradysia Winnertz, 1867". Fauna Europaea. Retrieved 2019-08-18.

[ufl-3] "darkwinged fungus gnats - Bradysia spp". entnemdept.ufl.edu. Retrieved 2019-08-18.

[KohlerMenzel-4] Köhler, Arne; Menzel, Frank (2013). "New records of Black Fungus Gnats (Diptera: Sciaridae) from New Caledonia, with the description of two new Bradysia species and an updated checklist". Zootaxa. Magnolia Press. 3718 (1): 63–72. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3718.1.5. PMID 26258208. S2CID 23947245.a

[5] Cloyd, Raymond (2015-04-09). "Ecology of Fungus Gnats (Bradysia spp.) in Greenhouse Production Systems Associated with Disease-Interactions and Alternative Management Strategies". Insects. 6 (2): 325–332. doi:10.3390/insects6020325. ISSN 2075-4450. PMC 4553482. PMID 26463188.

[:1-6] "Browse Bradysia". Catalogue of Life. Retrieved 2019-08-18.

[7] Suetsugu, Kenji; Sueyoshi, Masahiro (2018-01-01). "Subterranean flowers of Aspidistra elatior are mainly pollinated by not terrestrial amphipods but fungus gnats" (PDF). Ecology. 99 (1): 244–246. doi:10.1002/ecy.2021. ISSN 1939-9170. PMID 29136275.

[ITIS-8] "Bradysia". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2019-08-17.

[NCBI-9] "Bradysia". NCBI Taxonomy Browser. Retrieved 2019-08-17.

[MenzelSmith2006-10] Menzel, Frank; Smith, Jane E.; Chandler, Peter J. (2006). "The sciarid fauna of the British Isles (Diptera: Sciaridae), including descriptions of six new species". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 146 (1): 1–147. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2006.00190.x. ISSN 0024-4082.