Bison occidentalis

Bison occidentalis is an extinct species of bison that lived in North America, and potentially in Siberia[2] and the Japanese archipelago[3] from about 11,000 to 5,000 years ago, spanning the end of the Pleistocene to the mid-Holocene.[4] Likely evolving from Bison antiquus, B. occidentalis was smaller overall from its ancestor and other species such as the steppe bison. B. occidentalis had a highly variable morphology, and their horns, which pointed rearward, were much thinner and pointed than other Pleistocene species of bison.[4] Around 5,000 years ago, B. occidentalis was replaced by today's smaller Bison bison notably by mixing with more southern Bison antiquus, however wood bison (Bison bison athabascae) preserved some of original traits of B. occidentalis.[2]

Bison occidentalis
Temporal range: Pleistocene-Holocene
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Artiodactyla
Family: Bovidae
Subfamily: Bovinae
Genus: Bison
Species:
†B. occidentalis
Binomial name
†Bison occidentalis
Lucas, 1898 [1]
B. occidentalis skull at Cleveland Museum of Natural History

B. occidentalis, like other bison species, may have existed in small, scattered populations and been unable to increase in numbers until after the Pleistocene epoch ended 10,000 years ago because of competition with other large grazers during the Pleistocene.[5] More recently ancient DNA studies have proven interbreeding between B. occidentalis and ancestral modern bison, so B. occidentalis was proposed to have been a localized offshoot of B. antiquus and part of the transition from that chronospecies to modern bison.

See also

References
  1. Stephen Austin Hall (1972). "Holocene Bison occidentalis from Iowa". Journal of Mammalogy. 53 (3): 604–606. JSTOR 1379052.
  2. C. G Van Zyll de Jong , 1986, A systematic study of recent bison, with particular consideration of the wood bison (Bison bison athabascae Rhoads 1898), p.53, National Museum of Natural Sciences
  3. Hasegawa, Y.; Okumura, Y.; Tatsukawa, H. (2009). "First record of Late Pleistocene Bison from the fissure deposits of the Kuzuu Limestone, Yamasuge，Sano-shi，Tochigi Prefecture，Japan" (pdf). Bull.Gunma Mus.Natu.Hist. Gunma Museum of Natural History and Kuzuu Fossil Museum (13): 47–52. Retrieved 2018-12-03.
  4. McDonald, J. N. (1981). North American bison: their classification and evolution. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0520040023.
  5. Lott, Dale F. (2002). American Bison: A Natural History. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-23338-7.


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