Battle of Tertry

The Battle of Tertry was an important engagement in Merovingian Gaul between the forces of Austrasia under Pepin II on one side and those of Neustria and Burgundy on the other.[1] It took place in 687 at Tertry, Somme,[2] and the battle is presented as an heroic account in the Annales mettenses priores. After achieving victory on the battlefield at Tertry, the Austrasians dictated the political future of the Neustrians.

Battle of Tertry

Map of Francia in 714 (Austrasia shown in green)
Date687
Location
Tertry, Somme
Result Austrasian victory
Belligerents
Austrasia Neustria and Burgundy
Commanders and leaders
Pepin of Herstal

History

The powerful Austrasian mayor of the palace, Pepin II had concluded peace with his Neustrian counterpart, Waratton, in 681. However, Waratton's successors had renewed the conflict between Austrasia and Neustria, which was common in times of disunion. The Frankish realm was then united under King Theuderic III, who inherited Austrasia in 679. Theuderic III—born and raised in Neustria and a Neustrian at heart—and the nobles of Neustria and Burgundy, under their mayor, Berthar, invaded Austrasia territory. Berthar and Theuderic were routed at Tertry by Pepin in 687 and the Austrasians held the field.[3] Historian Michael Frassetto avows that the war during which the battle of Tertry occurred was essentially the result of a long-standing feud between Austrasian and Neustrian leaders and the civil strife within Neustria itself.[4] According to the text of the Annales mettenses priores—likely written at the Chelles monastery—Pepin II had led the Austasians to a magnificent victory during the battle of Tertry.[5]

Their supremacy vindicated on a battlefield, the victors forced Berthar out of office and Pepin appointed Nordebert to act on his behalf in Neustria and Burgundy, who as the first Merovingian in this position, was nothing more than a puppet king to Pepin.[6] The king was forced to recognise Pepin's mayorship over Austrasia, Neustria and Burgundy.[7] Eclipsing the Neustrian Mayors, Pepin's victory brought about the effective end of the old seat of Merovingian power, enabling the Arnulfing Mayors to control Neustrian political developments.[8] According to historian Rosamond McKitterick, the Battle of Tertry constitutes one of the "decisive" moments for the Carolingian house and its history.[9] Despite the importance of Tertry in strengthening Pepin's position, it was another two generations before Pepin the Short claimed the kingship of the Franks.[10][lower-alpha 1]

The legacy of the battle was the further diminution of royal authority, for once again a Merovingian had been definitively defeated in battle; the supremacy of Austrasia over the rest of the realm, characterised by later conquests to the east and the Aachen-centred Carolingian Empire; the undisputed right to rule of the Arnulfing clan, Pepin even taking the title of dux et princeps Francorum; and, finally, the personal gains to Pepin, who "reigned," as one chronicle put it, thereafter over all the Franks for 27 more years. Pepin spent the remainder of the seventh century and the early years of the eighth-century reestablishing Frankish supremacy in Germany, during which time he forced the Frisians, Saxons, Alemanni, Suebians, Thuringians, and Bavari peoples to acknowledge their subordination to the Franks.[12]

From the battle of Tertry forward, a mayor from Pepin's clan remained the senior figure within Francia.[13] Under Pepin's heir—his illlegitimate son Charles Martel—the Franks would achieve their most important victory in checking the Muslim advance into central Europe. Martel's rule also delineates the beginning of Carolingian power.[14]

References

Notes
  1. Victory at Tertry was not sufficient to bring Pippin immediate control over Neustria and to build political support, as that would also take non-military factors like the appropriate marriages and court intrigue—which characterized the Carolingian dynasty—to accomplish.[11]

Citations
  1. Frassetto 2013, pp. 506–507.
  2. Bachrach 2013, p. 2.
  3. McKitterick 1983, pp. 27–28.
  4. Frassetto 2003, p. 329.
  5. McKitterick 2008, p. 63.
  6. James 1995, p. 97.
  7. Frassetto 2013, p. 507.
  8. Wallace-Hadrill 2004, p. 82.
  9. McKitterick 1983, p. 28.
  10. Frassetto 2003, p. 328.
  11. Costambeys, Innes & Maclean 2012, p. 38–39.
  12. Smith-Clare 1897, p. 1205.
  13. Wickham 2016, p. 37.
  14. Wallace-Hadrill 2004, pp. 82–83.

Bibliography
  • Bachrach, Bernard (2013). Charlemagne's Early Campaigns (768–777): A Diplomatic and Military Analysis. Boston; Leiden: Brill Publishers. ISBN 978-9-00424-477-1.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Costambeys, Marios; Innes, Matthew; Maclean, Simon (2012). The Carolingian World. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-52156-366-6.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Frassetto, Michael (2003). Encyclopedia of Barbarian Europe: Society in Transformation. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-57607-263-9.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Frassetto, Michael (2013). The Early Medieval World: From the Fall of Rome to the Time of Charlemagne. Vol 1. (A–K). Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. OCLC 931447923.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • James, Edward (1995). "The Northern World in the Dark Ages, 400–900". In George Holmes (ed.). The Oxford History of Medieval Europe. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19280-133-3.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • McKitterick, Rosamond (1983). The Frankish Kingdoms under the Carolingians, 751–987. London: Longman. ISBN 0-582-49005-7.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • McKitterick, Rosamond (2008). Charlemagne: The Formation of a European Identity. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-71645-1.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Peale, Bernard (2013). Charlemagne's Early Campaigns (768–777): A Diplomatic and Military Analysis. Boston; Leiden: Brill Publishers. ISBN 978-9-00424-477-1.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Smith-Clare, Israel (1897). Mediæval History. Vol. IV. New York: R. S. Peale & J. A. Hill.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Wallace-Hadrill, J. M. (2004). The Barbarian West, 400–1000. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-63120-292-9.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Wickham, Chris (2016). Medieval Europe. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-30020-834-4.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

Literature
  • Liber Historiae Francorum 48.
  • Continuationes 5.
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