Baldwin Class 10-12-D

The Baldwin Class 10-12-D was a class of narrow gauge 4-6-0 pannier tank steam locomotives built by the Baldwin Locomotive Works (USA) for the British War Department Light Railways for service in France during World War I. They were built in 1916-1917 to 600 mm (1 ft 11 5⁄8 in) gauge.

Baldwin Class 10-12-D
No. 778, preserved at the Leighton Buzzard Light Railway
Type and origin
Power typeSteam
BuilderBaldwin Locomotive Works, American Locomotive Company
Build date1916 - 1917
Specifications
Configuration:
​
 • Whyte4-6-0PT
 • UIC2′C n2t
Gauge600 mm (1 ft 11 5⁄8 in)
Leading dia.1 ft 4 in (0.406 m)
Driver dia.1 ft 11 1⁄2 in (0.597 m)
WheelbaseCoupled: 5 ft 8 in (1.73 m)
Loco weight14.5 long tons (14.7 t) (see text)
Fuel typeCoal
Fuel capacity0.75 long tons (0.76 t) (see text)
Water cap476 US gal (1,800 l; 396 imp gal)
Boiler pressure178 psi (1.23 MPa)
CylindersTwo, outside
Cylinder size9 in × 12 in (229 mm × 305 mm)
Valve gearWalschaerts (slide valves)
Performance figures
Tractive effort6,258 lbf (27.84 kN)
Career
OperatorsWar Department Light Railways, North Western Railway, Welsh Highland Railway, Glyn Valley Tramway, Snailbeach District Railways, Ashover Light Railway
PreservedNo. 778 and No. 794
Current ownerLeighton Buzzard Light Railway (778)
Welsh Highland Railway (794)
Disposition5 known preserved

Origins of the type

The Belgians had designed 600 mm gauge 2′C n2t locomotives as early as in 1900–1901 for Chemins de Fer du Calvados. The prototype was Tubize factory type 73. Weidknecht used these drawings and built similar 11-ton locomotives with subcontracted boilers, presumably built by S.A.Energie, Marcinelle.

The French military circles became interested in this 2′C n2t locomotive type for their Decauville Light Military Railways in Morocco. A little heavier 14-ton type was designed and an order was placed for Weidknecht to produce these locomotives for the 600 mm gauge lines in Morocco.

Weidknecht delivered 10 more in 1913 for Chemins de fer Militaires du Maroc numbered (W1-W5 and 1-5).

Baldwin built locomotives

For the French Government

When the Great War broke out in August 1914 the French lost most of their locomotive building capacity in the Northern France to German occupied area. Therefore, the French Army demanded fast replacement of the locomotive building capacity for their useful 2′C n2t type which had proved to be a reliable locomotive type for the lightly laid military railways.

Three steam locomotive type drawings were sent to Baldwin Works (finance guaranteed by the French Government) for production of C n2t, 2′C n2t, and light Mallet B′B n4v for 600 mm (1 ft 11 5⁄8 in) gauge lines. With the usual American liberty, Baldwin Drawing Office produced their "version Americaine" of these locomotive types. The first C n2t (based to Decauville design) came out in November 1914 and the first batch of 2′C n2t in January 1915. Only two more batches were built for the French.

For the British War Office

The British War Office decided to adopt the type as its principal military steam locomotive, and Baldwin started production in 1916, building 495 locomotives between October 1916 and April 1917. All were delivered except for nine which were lost at sea.[1]

Use outside Europe

Some of the class found during war their way to other theatres of war than Europe. Baldwin 45163–45222 from batch No 1001–1104 were renumbered by the British War Office to War Department Light Railways, Middle East No 581–640 and were shipped to Egypt to be used in Sinai and Palestine during the British 1917 offensive against the Turks. After the war most of them remained in Middle East.

Peacetime service

After the war many of these locomotives were sold and went on to work in France, Britain and India. Indian North Western Railway received fifty locomotives, numbered NWR No 1–50, many of which later operated at sugar mills in various parts of the country. British narrow-gauge railways which used them included:

* [[British Standard Cement Ltd,Rainham,Kent]]

Preservation

Four Baldwin Class 10-12-D locomotives have been preserved in the UK, all of which had been imported from India:

No. 778 is operational at its home base, No.794 is undergoing contract restoration at the Vale of Rheidol Railway for the WHHR, works No. 45190 (WDLR 608) is currently visiting the Ffestiniog and Welsh Highland Railways, and works No. 44657 is awaiting restoration, also at the SBR.

One other locomotive (Baldwin 45215 of 1917) is preserved on the Dreamworld Railway in Coomera, Queensland, Australia. This locomotive worked on a sugar mill in Mackay and prior to the opening of Dreamworld in 1981 after purchase was heavily modified, including a tender, Wild-West style chimney, and conversion to oil-firing. It is currently under overhaul.

In fiction

The fictional No. 2 (later Stanley) in The Railway Series by the Rev. W. Awdry was based on this engine.

Models

Bachmann Branchlines have produced the Baldwin Class 10-12-D in 009 gauge in 10 liveries[2] with liveries including War department livery, Ashover light railway, Glyn Valley Tramway, Snailbeach District Railway, Southern Railway and Welsh Highland railway liveries.[3]. Minitrains also produce models of the Baldwin class 10-12-D class.

References
  1. Davies 1967, p. 147.
  2. "The latest from our OO9 Narrow Gauge range". Bachmann Europe Plc. 23 October 2017. Archived from the original on 13 November 2017.
  3. "Bachmann debuts 'OO9' models". Hornby Magazine.
  • Davies, W.J.K. (1967). Light Railways of the First World War. David & Charles.
  • Neale, Andrew (1988). War Department Light Railways locomotive works list. Croydon, Surrey: Plateway Press.
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