Athletics at the 1972 Summer Olympics – Men's decathlon

The men's decathlon combined event at the 1972 Olympic Games took place on 7 & 8 September. The favorite was Joachim Kirst, who had won the European Championship in 1969 and 1971. The decathletes were unfortunate, as they had to re-open the Olympics, the morning after the postponement due to the tragic events of the Munich massacre. As the events continued the favorite, Kirst, hit the third hurdle in the 110 metres and fell, dropping out of the race.[1]

Men's Decathlon
at the Games of the XX Olympiad
VenueOlympic Stadium
Dates7 & 8 September
Competitors33 from 19 nations
Winning points8466 WR
Medalists
Mykola Avilov
 Soviet Union
Leonid Lytvynenko
 Soviet Union
Ryszard Katus
 Poland

Results

100m

RankNameNationalityHeatTimePoints
1Tadeusz Janczenko Poland210.64895
2Peter Gabbett Great Britain310.65893
3Jeff Bennett United States110.73872
4Ryszard Skowronek Poland110.78859
5Ruedi Mangisch Switzerland510.79857
6Stefan Schreyer East Germany110.82849
7Ryszard Katus Poland110.89831
8Yves Le Roy France310.94819
9Sepp Zeilbauer Austria210.97812
10TMykola Avilov Soviet Union211.00804
10TFreddy Herbrand Belgium411.00804
12Steen Smidt-Jensen Denmark311.07787
13József Bakai Hungary211.08785
14Jeff Bannister United States211.09783
15THans-Joachim Walde West Germany111.11778
15TJean-Pierre Schoebel France511.11778
17Joachim Kirst East Germany211.12775
18Leonid Lytvynenko Soviet Union111.13773
19Clifford Brooks Barbados511.19759
20Boris Ivanov Soviet Union211.24747
21Roger Lespagnard Belgium311.27740
22Barry King Great Britain411.32728
23Hans-Joachim Perk West Germany511.34724
24TBruce Jenner United States111.35721
24THeinz Born Switzerland411.35721
24TVijay Singh Chauhan India411.35721
27Régis Ghesquière Belgium511.45699
28Gerry Moro Canada411.49690
29Lennart Hedmark Sweden111.53681
30Radu Gavrilaş Romania311.57672
31Luis Flores Guatemala511.59668
32Horst Beyer West Germany211.64657
33Wilfred Mwalawanda Malawi311.95591

Long Jump

RankNameNationalityJump 1Jump 2Jump 3MarkPoints
1Mykola Avilov Soviet Union7.68xx7.68957
2Joachim Kirst East Germanyx7.597.297.59939
3Stefan Schreyer East Germany7.44x7.267.44909
4Ryszard Skowronek Poland7.257.42x7.42905
5Yves Le Roy France7.087.297.327.32885
6Freddy Herbrand Belgium7.307.267.217.30881
7Tadeusz Janczenko Poland7.017.267.287.28877
8Jeff Bennett United States7.137.157.267.26873
9Régis Ghesquière Belgium6.987.037.217.21863
10Jeff Bannister United States7.157.207.167.20861
11Peter Gabbett Great Britain6.87x7.197.19859
T12Hans-Joachim Walde West Germany6.606.747.167.16853
T12Sepp Zeilbauer Austriax6.797.167.16853
T12József Bakai Hungary7.057.16x7.16853
15Ryszard Katus Polandxx7.097.09838
16Barry King Great Britain7.037.06x7.06832
17Roger Lespagnard Belgium6.867.016.967.01822
18Steen Smidt-Jensen Denmark6.776.956.896.95810
19Ruedi Mangisch Switzerland6.82x6.946.94808
T20Vijay Singh Chauhan India6.82x6.926.92804
T20Heinz Born Switzerlandx6.92x6.92804
22Gerry Moro Canada6.866.916.886.91802
23Radu Gavrilaş Romania6.906.71x6.90800
T24Jean-Pierre Schoebel France6.426.896.536.89798
T24Lennart Hedmark Sweden6.78x6.896.89798
26Hans-Joachim Perk West Germanyxx6.826.82782
T27Clifford Brooks Barbados6.646.815.23
T27Leonid Lytvynenko Soviet Union6.816.576.716.81780
29Boris Ivanov Soviet Union6.596.266.576.59734
30Bruce Jenner United States6.496.536.466.53721
T31Horst Beyer West Germanyxx6.516.51717
T31Luis Flores Guatemala6.516.02x6.51717
33Wilfred Mwalawanda Malawixx5.685.68533

Shot put

RankNameNationalityThrow 1Throw 2Throw 3MarkPoints
1Joachim Kirst East Germany16.09xx16.09852
2József Bakai Hungary15.1015.5015.8415.84838
3Barry King Great Britain15.2515.2915.2815.29806
4Stefan Schreyer East Germany15.02x14.7415.02790
5Hans-Joachim Walde West Germany14.0913.0314.5714.57763
6Boris Ivanov Soviet Union14.2314.47x14.47757
7Tadeusz Janczenko Poland14.2114.1914.4514.45756
8Lennart Hedmark Sweden14.43xx14.43754
T9Vijay Singh Chauhan India13.2314.42x14.42754
T9Horst Beyer West Germany13.6613.7614.4214.42754
11Ryszard Katus Poland14.39xx14.39752
12Mykola Avilov Soviet Union14.14x14.3614.36750
13Régis Ghesquière Belgium13.5713.8914.3214.32747
14Ryszard Skowronek Poland14.24xx14.24743
15Jeff Bannister United States14.2113.51x14.21741
16Leonid Lytvynenko Soviet Unionx13.9814.1814.18739
17Gerry Moro Canada13.7713.99x13.99727
18Freddy Herbrand Belgium13.67x13.9113.91722
19Yves Le Roy France13.9013.6113.9013.90722
20Jean-Pierre Schoebel France13.7913.6213.0413.79715
21Peter Gabbett Great Britain13.46x13.5913.59702
22Bruce Jenner United States13.2713.5413.5613.56700
23Sepp Zeilbauer Austria13.4913.30x13.49696
24Steen Smidt-Jensen Denmark13.1812.3213.3513.35687
25Hans-Joachim Perk West Germany14.0912.5513.3413.34686
26Heinz Born Switzerland12.2412.7513.0613.06669
27Roger Lespagnard Belgiumx12.6612.9212.92660
28Jeff Bennett United States11.5412.8212.0612.82653
29Radu Gavrilaş Romania12.4412.4712.6512.65642
T30Ruedi Mangisch Switzerland11.4312.27x12.27617
T30Wilfred Mwalawanda Malawi12.2712.19x12.27617
32Luis Flores Guatemala10.248.8911.7811.78584
33Clifford Brooks Barbados11.7111.46x11.71580

High jump

All heights in metres.

Rank
Name
Nationality
Mark
Points
1.60
1.65
1.70
1.75
1.80
1.83
1.86
1.89
1.92
1.95
1.98
2.01
2.04
2.06
2.08
2.10
2.12
2.14
1Mykola Avilov Soviet Union2.12959pppppppppopoxxoooooxxx
2Joachim Kirst East Germany2.10942ppppppopopxoooxxoxooxxx
3TFreddy Herbrand Belgium2.04891ppppoppopooooxxx
3TTadeusz Janczenko Poland2.04891pppppppopoooxxoxxx
5TSepp Zeilbauer Austria2.01865pppppoppoooxoxxx
5TRadu Gavrilaş Romania2.01865pppppopooooxoxxx
5TRoger Lespagnard Belgium2.01865ppoppopooxxoxoxoxxx
5TSteen Smidt-Jensen Denmark2.01865pppppppxoxooxooxxx
9THeinz Born Switzerland1.98840ppppppopxxoxoxxoxxx
9TRyszard Skowronek Poland1.98840ppppppooooxoxxx
11TBoris Ivanov Soviet Union1.92788ppppopopxoxxx
11TBruce Jenner United States1.92788ppppxopooxoxxx
11THans-Joachim Walde West Germany1.92788pppppxoxxoxoxxoxxx
11TRyszard Katus Poland1.92788ppppopoooxxx
11TStefan Schreyer East Germany1.92788ppopoooooxxx
16TBarry King Great Britain1.89760pooooooxxoxxx
16TJózsef Bakai Hungary1.89760pppoopxoxoxxx
16TLeonid Lytvynenko Soviet Union1.89760pppooxxooxoxxx
16TRégis Ghesquière Belgium1.89760pppppoxxoxxoxxx
16TRuedi Mangisch Switzerland1.89760ppopoooxxoxxx
21TGerry Moro Canada1.86734oooxooxxoxxoxxx
21TJeff Bannister United States1.86734pppppxxooxxx
21TJeff Bennett United States1.86734ppoooooxxx
21TPeter Gabbett Great Britain1.86734ppoooxoxoxxx
25TVijay Singh Chauhan India1.80680oooxoxoxxx
25TYves Le Roy France1.80680popxoxoxpp
27TLuis Flores Guatemala1.75634ooxooxxx
27TClifford Brooks Barbados1.75634pooxxoxxx
29Wilfred Mwalawanda Malawi1.65540xoxxoxxx
30Jean-Pierre Schoebel France1.60493opxxx

400m

RankNameNationalityHeatTimePoints
1Peter Gabbett Great Britain346.10994
2Jeff Bennett United States146.25984
3Jeff Bannister United States246.79958
4Ruedi Mangisch Switzerland547.59918
5Ryszard Skowronek Poland148.08893
6Leonid Lytvynenko Soviet Union148.40880
7Mykola Avilov Soviet Union248.45875
8Yves Le Roy France348.73866
9Sepp Zeilbauer Austria248.77861
10Joachim Kirst East Germany248.90856
11Tadeusz Janczenko Poland249.06847
12Ryszard Katus Poland149.11847
13Régis Ghesquière Belgium549.13847
14Jean-Pierre Schoebel France549.23842
15Bruce Jenner United States149.49829
16 TStefan Schreyer East Germany149.51829
16TRoger Lespagnard Belgium349.51829
18Clifford Brooks Barbados549.75814
19Freddy Herbrand Belgium449.78814
20Vijay Singh Chauhan India449.89810
21Heinz Born Switzerland450.01805
22Barry King Great Britain450.05801
23Steen Smidt-Jensen Denmark350.13801
24Boris Ivanov Soviet Union250.18797
25József Bakai Hungary250.88766
26Radu Gavrilaş Romania350.90766
27Luis Flores Guatemala550.97762
28Gerry Moro Canada452.02720
29Wilfred Mwalawanda Malawi352.68691

110m hurdles

RankNameNationalityHeatTimePoints
1Mykola Avilov Soviet Union214.31926
2Ryszard Katus Poland114.41914
3Steen Smidt-Jensen Denmark314.65887
4Boris Ivanov Soviet Union214.76874
5Freddy Herbrand Belgium414.87862
6Stefan Schreyer East Germany115.00848
7Vijay Singh Chauhan India415.01847
8Leonid Lytvynenko Soviet Union115.03845
9TSepp Zeilbauer Austria215.13835
9TRadu Gavrilaş Romania315.13835
11Jean-Pierre Schoebel France515.30817
12Yves Le Roy France315.34813
13Heinz Born Switzerland415.39808
14Peter Gabbett Great Britain315.47800
15Jeff Bennett United States115.58789
16Bruce Jenner United States115.59788
17Régis Ghesquière Belgium515.68779
18Ruedi Mangisch Switzerland515.71776
19Ryszard Skowronek Poland115.74773
20Roger Lespagnard Belgium315.84764
21Gerry Moro Canada416.28723
22Clifford Brooks Barbados516.37715
23József Bakai Hungary216.50703
24Barry King Great Britain416.61694
25Tadeusz Janczenko Poland216.89670
26Luis Flores Guatemala517.44625
27Wilfred Mwalawanda Malawi318.54543
-Jeff Bannister United States2DQ0
-Joachim Kirst East Germany2DNF0

Discus throw

All distance are in metres.

RankNameNationalityMarkThrow 1Throw 2Throw 3Points
1József Bakai Hungary51.4648.4051.2051.46897
2Leonid Lytvynenko Soviet Union47.8447.84x44.10833
3Freddy Herbrand Belgium47.1247.12xx820
4Mykola Avilov Soviet Union46.9846.9843.1846.40818
5Barry King Great Britain46.06xx46.06801
6Peter Gabbett Great Britain45.5842.3639.1845.58792
7Régis Ghesquière Belgium45.5645.5644.10x792
8Tadeusz Janczenko Poland45.2645.2643.14x786
9Vijay Singh Chauhan India45.1845.1843.9241.92785
10Stefan Schreyer East Germany45.0845.0844.68x783
11Steen Smidt-Jensen Denmark44.8041.3244.8042.70778
12Yves Le Roy France44.0441.9244.0443.00763
13Ryszard Katus Poland43.0039.0041.9843.00744
14Bruce Jenner United States42.24xx42.24729
15Jeff Bannister United States42.0041.3239.2842.00724
16Boris Ivanov Soviet Union41.58x41.5041.58716
17Jean-Pierre Schoebel France41.1440.1240.2641.14708
18Sepp Zeilbauer Austria40.84x40.8440.16702
19Radu Gavrilaş Romania40.5240.5239.9040.18696
20Heinz Born Switzerland39.3436.5039.34x672
21Wilfred Mwalawanda Malawi38.8238.8238.36x662
22Roger Lespagnard Belgium37.8637.8636.64643
23Ruedi Mangisch Switzerland36.92x36.92x623
24Jeff Bennett United States36.58x36.5836.52616
25Luis Flores Guatemala35.64x33.3435.64597
26Clifford Brooks Barbados33.9033.2233.90x560
27Ryszard Skowronek Poland33.6633.66xx555

Pole vault

Rank
Name
Nationality
Mark
Points
3.30
3.40
3.50
3.60
3.70
3.80
3.90
4.00
4.10
4.20
4.30
4.40
4.50
4.55
4.60
4.70
4.80
4.90
1TJeff Bennett United States4.801005ppppppppppppxoppooxxx
1TSteen Smidt-Jensen Denmark4.801005pppppppppopoppxxoxxoxo
3Roger Lespagnard Belgium4.60957pppppppopopxoopoxxx
4TBruce Jenner United States4.55945ppppppppopxopxooxxx
4TMykola Avilov Soviet Union4.55945pppppppopxooxooxoxxx
6TRyszard Katus Poland4.50932pppppppxopopoopxxx
6TTadeusz Janczenko Poland4.50932pppppopopooxoxxoxxx
6TYves Le Roy France4.50932ppppppppppopoppxxx
9TFreddy Herbrand Belgium4.40909pppppppxxoooxooxxx
9TLeonid Lytvynenko Soviet Union4.40909pppppopopoxxooxxx
9TRadu Gavrilaş Romania4.40909pppopoxoxopxoooxxx
9TStefan Schreyer East Germany4.40909pppppopoooooxxx
13TBoris Ivanov Soviet Union4.30884pppppoxopxooxxx
13TSepp Zeilbauer Austria4.30884pppopppoooopxxx
15Jean-Pierre Schoebel France4.20859pppppppopopxxx
16THeinz Born Switzerland4.00807pppxopopopxxx
16TJeff Bannister United States4.00807pppopxxoppxxx
16TJózsef Bakai Hungary4.00807pppppppoppxxx
19Barry King Great Britain3.90780oopxoooxoxxx
20Régis Ghesquière Belgium3.80754pppppoxxx
21Vijay Singh Chauhan India3.70728xxoxooxooxxx
22Peter Gabbett Great Britain3.60700pppopxxx
23Wilfred Mwalawanda Malawi3.30615o
-Ruedi Mangisch SwitzerlandNM0pppxxx
-Luis Flores GuatemalaNM0xxx

Javelin throw

All distance are in metres.

RankNameNationalityMarkThrow 1Throw 2Throw 3Points
1Wilfred Mwalawanda Malawi71.2871.28xx894
2Bruce Jenner United States66.0263.2066.0260.88833
3Boris Ivanov Soviet Union64.8462.4552.1464.84819
4Sepp Zeilbauer Austria64.4657.6660.0464.46815
5Tadeusz Janczenko Poland63.80x62.3663.80807
6TMykola Avilov Soviet Union61.66x61.6657.96781
6TYves Le Roy France61.6649.6461.66x781
8Régis Ghesquière Belgium60.8856.8858.8260.88772
9Stefan Schreyer East Germany60.7060.70x59.96770
10Ryszard Katus Poland59.9655.48x59.96761
11Leonid Lytvynenko Soviet Union58.9455.0257.9858.94748
12Barry King Great Britain57.7457.7453.4655.04733
13Jean-Pierre Schoebel France57.5456.7457.5452.96731
14Jeff Bennett United States56.9852.0057.4849.14730
15Radu Gavrilaş Romania57.1657.16xx726
16Jeff Bannister United States56.9856.98xx724
17Vijay Singh Chauhan India56.3436.9048.6856.34716
18Steen Smidt-Jensen Denmark55.2455.2454.7655.08701
19József Bakai Hungary52.1852.18xx662
20Roger Lespagnard Belgium50.6050.60x46.32641
21Freddy Herbrand Belgium50.42xx50.42639
22Heinz Born Switzerland48.7246.1848.7247.90615
-Peter Gabbett Great BritainNMxxx0
-Ruedi Mangisch SwitzerlandNMxxx0

1500m

RankNameNationalityHeatTimePoints
1Leonid Lytvynenko Soviet Union34:05.9768
2Jeff Bennett United States14:12.2718
3Jeff Bannister United States14:15.8690
4Bruce Jenner United States24:18.9668
5Régis Ghesquière Belgium24:19.4664
6Mykola Avilov Soviet Union34:22.8639
7Steen Smidt-Jensen Denmark34:24.7626
8Freddy Herbrand Belgium34:27.7605
9Roger Lespagnard Belgium24:28.7598
10Ryszard Katus Poland34:31.9577
11TBoris Ivanov Soviet Union14:37.4541
11TWilfred Mwalawanda Malawi14:37.4541
13TBarry King Great Britain24:38.6533
13TVijay Singh Chauhan India24:38.6533
15Jean-Pierre Schoebel France24:38.8532
16Radu Gavrilaş Romania24:43.1506
17Heinz Born Switzerland24:47.9476
18Stefan Schreyer East Germany34:48.2475
19Sepp Zeilbauer Austria34:58.2418
20Yves Le Roy France14:58.9414
21Tadeusz Janczenko Poland35:01.5400
-József Bakai Hungary1DNF0

Final standings

Standings after Event 10
8 September 1972
Legend:M = Mark, P = Points

Pos
Athlete
Country
Total
Points
Notes
100M
Long
Jump
Shot
Put
High
Jump
400M
110M
Hurdles
Discus
Throw
Pole
Vault
Javelin
Throw
1500M
Mykola Avilov Soviet Union8454
WR
P
M
804
11.00
957
7.68
750
14.36
959
2.12
875
48.50
926
14.31
818
46.98
945
4.55
781
61.66
639
4:22.8
Leonid Lytvynenko Soviet Union8035P
M
773
11.13
780
6.81
739
14.18
760
1.89
880
48.40
845
15.03
833
48.84
909
4.40
748
58.94
768
4:05.9
Ryszard Katus Poland7984P
M
831
10.89
8.8
7.09
752
14.39
788
1.92
847
49.10
914
14.41
744
43.00
932
4.50
761
59.96
577
4:31.9
4Jeff Bennett United States7974P
M
872
10.73
873
7.26
653
12.82
734
1.86
984
46.30
789
15.58
616
36.58
1005
4.80
730
57.48
718
4:12.2
5Stefan Schreyer East Germany7950P
M
849
10.82
909
7.44
790
15.02
788
1.92
829
49.50
848
15.00
783
45.08
909
4.40
770
60.70
475
4:48.2
6Freddy Herbrand Belgium7947P
M
804
11.00
881
7.30
722
13.91
891
2.04
814
49.80
862
14.87
820
47.12
909
4.40
639
50.42
605
4:27.7
7Steen Smidt-Jensen Denmark7947P
M
787
11.07
810
6.95
687
13.35
865
2.01
801
50.10
887
14.65
778
44.80
1005
4.80
701
55.24
626
4:24.7
8Tadeusz Janczenko Poland7861P
M
895
10.64
877
7.28
756
14.45
891
2.04
847
49.10
670
16.89
786
45.26
932
4.50
807
63.80
400
5:01.5
9Sepp Zeilbauer Austria7741P
M
812
10.97
853
7.16
696
13.49
865
2.01
861
48.80
835
15.15
702
40.84
884
4.30
815
64.46
418
4:58.2
10Bruce Jenner United States7722P
M
721
11.35
721
6.53
700
13.56
788
1.92
829
49.50
788
15.59
729
42.24
945
4.55
833
66.02
668
4:18.9
11Régis Ghesquière Belgium7677P
M
699
11.45
863
7.21
747
14.32
760
1.89
847
49.10
779
15.68
792
45.56
754
3.80
772
60.88
664
4:19.4
12Yves Le Roy France7675P
M
819
10.94
885
7.32
722
13.90
680
1.80
866
48.70
813
15.34
763
44.04
932
4.50
781
61.66
414
4:58.9
13Boris Ivanov Soviet Union7657P
M
747
11.24
734
6.59
757
14.47
788
1.92
797
50.20
874
14.76
716
41.58
884
4.30
819
64.84
541
4:37.4
14Roger Lespagnard Belgium7519P
M
740
11.27
822
7.01
660
12.92
865
2.01
829
49.50
764
15.84
643
37.86
957
4.60
641
50.60
598
4:28.7
15Barry King Great Britain7468P
M
728
11.32
832
7.06
806
15.29
760
1.89
801
50.10
694
16.61
801
46.06
780
3.90
733
57.74
533
4:38.6
16Radu Gavrilaş Romania7417P
M
672
11.57
800
6.90
642
12.65
865
766
50.90
835
15.13
696
40.52
909
4.40
726
57.16
506
4:43.1
17Vijay Singh Chauhan India7378P
M
721
11.35
804
6.92
754
14.42
680
1.80
810
49.90
847
15.01
785
45.18
728
3.70
716
56.34
533
4:38.6
18Jean-Pierre Schoebel France7273P
M
778
11.11
798
6.89
715
13.79
493
1.60
842
49.20
817
15.30
708
41.14
859
4.20
731
57.54
532
4:38.8
19Heinz Born Switzerland7217P
M
721
11.35
804
6.92
669
13.06
840
1.98
805
50.00
808
15.39
672
39.34
807
4.00
615
48.72
476
4:47.9
20József Bakai Hungary7071P
M
785
11.08
853
7.16
838
15.84
760
1.89
766
50.90
703
16.50
897
51.46
807
4.00
662
52.18
0
DNF
21Jeff Bannister United States7022P
M
783
11.09
861
7.20
741
14.21
634
1.86
958
46.80
0
DQ
724
42.00
807
4.00
724
56.98
690
4:15.8
22Wilfred Mwalawanda Malawi6227P
M
591
11.95
533
5.68
617
12.27
540
1.65
691
52.70
543
18.54
662
38.82
615
3.30
894
71.28
541
4:37.4
Peter Gabbett Great BritainDNFP
M
893
10.65
859
7.19
702
13.59
734
1.86
994
46.10
800
15.47
792
45.58
700
3.60
0
NM
Ryszard Skowronek PolandDNFP
M
859
10.78
905
7.42
743
14.24
840
1.98
893
48.10
773
15.74
555
33.66
0
NM
Ruedi Mangisch SwitzerlandDNFP
M
857
10.79
808
6.94
617
12.27
760
1.89
918
47.60
776
15.71
623
36.92
0
NM
Luis Flores GuatemalaDNFP
M
668
11.59
717
6.51
584
11.78
634
1.75
762
51.00
625
17.44
597
35.64
0
NM
Clifford Brooks BarbadosDNFP
M
759
11.19
780
6.81
580
11.71
634
1.75
814
49.80
715
16.37
560
33.90
0
NM
Gerry Moro CanadaDNFP
M
690
11.49
802
6.91
727
13.99
734
1.86
720
52.00
723
16.28
0
NM
Joachim Kirst East GermanyDNFP
M
775
11.12
939
7.59
852
16.09
942
2.10
856
48.90
0
DNF
Hans-Joachim Walde West GermanyDNFP
M
778
11.11
853
7.16
763
14.57
788
1.92
0
DNF
Lennart Hedmark SwedenDNFP
M
681
11.53
798
6.89
754
14.43
0
DNF
Hans-Joachim Perk West GermanyDNFP
M
724
11.34
782
6.82
686
13.34
0
DNF
Horst Beyer West GermanyDNFP
M
657
11.64
717
6.51
754
14.42
0
DNF
Renato Carnevali ItalyDNSP
M
0
DNS

Key: WR = world record; p = pass; x = fault; o = cleared; NM = no mark; DNF = did not finish; DNS = did not start; DQ = disqualified; T = tied

References

  1. "Athletics at the 1972 Munich Summer Games: Men's Decathlon". sports-reference.com. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 26 January 2018.
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