Angie Turner King

Angie Lena Turner King ( December 9, 1905 – February 28, 2004)[1] was one of the first African-American women to gain degrees in chemistry and mathematics, and a PhD in mathematics education. She was a major influence on her students, including Margaret Strickland Collins and Katherine Goble Johnson.[2]

Angie Turner King
Born
Angie Lena Turner

(1905-12-09)December 9, 1905
Elkhorn, West Virginia, US
DiedFebruary 28, 2004(2004-02-28) (aged 98)
Institute, West Virginia, US
Alma mater
Scientific career
Fields
  • Chemistry
  • Mathematics
Institutions
  • West Virginia State College
Notable students

Early life and education

Angie Lena (née Turner) King was born in 1905 in Elkhorn, West Virginia, a segregated coal mining community.[2][1] She was the grandchild of slaves, living for a time with her grandmother after her mother died when King was eight,[2] and her father died in a coal mining accident.[1] She recalled sleeping in a cabin, where "in the winter time, when it would snow, I'd wake up with snow on my bed", and her lighter-skinned grandmother calling her "the black bitch": "I had it tough but it hasn't bothered my mind".[2] Later, she lived with her grandfather, and was then able to attend school.[1]

She had good grades, graduating from high school at 14 (in 1919), but was unaware that scholarships to college were a possibility.[2] King began teaching training at Bluefield Colored Institute (now Bluefield State College), transferring to West Virginia State College. She paid her way through school waiting tables and washing dishes.[2] She was awarded a Bachelor of Science, summa cum laude, in mathematics and chemistry in 1927, with a thesis reporting on her studies on solutions of tannic acid and hydrous ferric oxide.[2][1]

Career

King began teaching at the laboratory high school of West Virginia State College (WVSC), studying at Cornell University in the summer. She was awarded a master's degree in chemistry and mathematics in 1931.[2] She gained a teaching position at WVSC, and attended the University of Pittsburgh for her doctoral work. Her PhD was awarded in 1955 and reported in the local news.[3] Her dissertation topic was an analysis of algebra use in school textbooks before 1900.[4] Her master's thesis and dissertation were her only publications.[2]

In World War II, in response to a concern that the war would result in a shortage of college graduates needed as military officers after the war, a military training program called the Army Specialized Training Program (ASTP) was established.[5] The ASTP was segregated, and WVSC was one of six black colleges awarded ASTP units, and King taught chemistry in the program.[5]

King's career was distinguished by her mentoring and teaching, with a legacy of many students going on to post-graduate studies, including Katherine Johnson, one of the scientists featured in Hidden Figures.[2] Johnson singled her out as a major influence, saying King was "a wonderful teacher – bright, caring, and very rigorous".[6] In a questionnaire to former West Virginia State students, 27 of 72 respondents nominated King as their favorite teacher, and most of them had gone on to postgraduate education.[2] King received the West Virginia State College Alumnus of the Year in 1954.[1]

Personal life

King married Robert Elemore King in 1946, and they had five daughters.[1] King lived on the WVSC campus until her death in 2004.[7]

References
  1. Brown, Jeannette E. (2012). African American women chemists. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 27–29. ISBN 978-0199742882. Retrieved February 18, 2017.
  2. Warren, Wini (1999). Black women scientists in the United States. Bloomington, Ind. [u.a.]: Indiana University Press. pp. 148–150. ISBN 0253336031.
  3. "Ph. D. Degree to Mrs. King". The Pittsburgh Courier. February 12, 1955. Retrieved February 18, 2017.
  4. King, Angie Turner (1955). An analysis of early algebra textbooks used in the American secondary schools before 1900. University of Pittsburgh. Retrieved April 21, 2017.
  5. Keefer, Louis E. (1994). "On the Homefront in World War II: Soldier-Scholars at West Virginia State College". West Virginia History. 53: 119–132. Retrieved February 18, 2017.
  6. Warren, Wini (1999). Black women scientists in the United States. Bloomington, Ind. [u.a.]: Indiana University Press. pp. 141. ISBN 0253336031. katherine goble johnson.
  7. Collins, Sibrina. "King, Angie Lena Turner (1905–2004)". Blackpast.org. Retrieved February 18, 2017.
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