Amos Lawrence

Amos Lawrence (22 April 1786 – 31 December 1852) was an American merchant and philanthropist.

Not to be confused with Amos Adams Lawrence.
For the football player, see Amos Lawrence (American football).
Amos Lawrence
Born(1786-04-22)April 22, 1786
Groton, Massachusetts
DiedDecember 31, 1852(1852-12-31) (aged 66)
Boston, Massachusetts
Occupationmerchant, investor, philanthropist
Known forHelping to establish Lawrence, Massachusetts and charitable donations
Net worth$8,100,000 (upon his death)

Biography

Born in Groton, Massachusetts, Lawrence was the son of Samuel Lawrence, a Revolutionary War officer, and one of the founders of Groton Academy (now Lawrence Academy at Groton), where Amos was educated. Samuel was in turn descended from John Lawrence of Wissett in Suffolk, England, who was one of the first settlers of Groton.

In 1799, Amos Lawrence became a clerk at a country store in Dunstable, Massachusetts, and a few months afterward was promoted to a variety store in Groton run by a Mr. Brazer. After the completion of his apprenticeship, in April 1807, Amos went to Boston with $20 of his savings. His employers' business there failed. Amos was appointed by the creditors to settle the firm's accounts, and after doing that to their satisfaction he rented a shop on Cornhill and founded a dry-goods establishment on his own account in December. In 1808, his brother Abbott entered his employ as chief clerk, and in 1814 became a partner in the firm, now called A. & A. Lawrence and later A. & A. Lawrence and Co. The firm continued until Amos's death and became the greatest wholesale mercantile house in the United States. It was successful even in the hard times of 1812 to 1815, and afterwards engaged particularly in selling woolen and cotton goods on commission. In 1818, A. & A. Lawrence purchased 50 shares of the Suffolk Bank, a clearinghouse bank on State Street in Boston.[1]

The firm did much for the establishment of the cotton textile industry in New England. In 1830, it came to the aid of financially distressed mills of Lowell, Massachusetts. In that year, the Suffolk, Tremont and Lawrence companies were established in Lowell, and Luther Lawrence, the eldest brother, represented the firm's interests there.[2] In 1845–1847, the firm established and built up Lawrence, Massachusetts, named in honor of Abbott Lawrence, who was a director of the Essex Company, which controlled the water power of Lawrence, and afterwards was president of the Atlantic Cotton Mills and Pacific Mills there.

In 1831 when his health failed, Amos Lawrence retired from active involvement in the firm, where thereafter Abbott Lawrence was the head. The later years of Amos's life were spent mostly in furthering various philanthropic enterprises. According to his records, from 1829 until his death, Amos Lawrence gave over $639,000 (in 1840s dollars) to charitable causes. In 1842, he decided not to allow his property to increase any further, and in the last eleven years of his life he spent in charity at least $525,000. To Williams College, he gave nearly $40,000; to Groton Academy, which later changed its name to Lawrence Academy to honor both Amos and his brother, William, he gave over $20,000; to Wabash College, Kenyon College, and the theological seminary at Bangor, Maine, he also gave sizable sums.

His private donations were numerous, requiring several rooms in his house to coordinate them. Among other things, Amos Lawrence donated libraries to academic institutions, established a children's hospital in Boston, and gave $10,000 for the completion of the Bunker Hill Monument (Lawrence's father had fought at the Battle of Bunker Hill). He gave to many good causes on a smaller scale, taking especial delight in occasionally giving books from a bundle in his sleigh or carriage as he drove.

Upon his death in 1852 in Boston, his fortune was estimated at $8,100,000—roughly $249 million in today's dollars.

Family

The family firm, with Lawrence's brother Abbott Lawrence at its head, founded Lawrence, Massachusetts. Amos's son, Amos Adams Lawrence, was responsible for the founding of Lawrence, Kansas (thus its name), through his work with the New England Emigrant Aid Company. He founded the University of Kansas, located in Lawrence, and also helped found Lawrence University, in Appleton, Wisconsin. Amos Adams Lawrence's son, Bishop William Lawrence, was the longtime Episcopal bishop of Massachusetts.

References
  1. Whitney, David R. (1878), The Suffolk Bank, Cambridge, MA: Riverside Press, pp. 4–5
  2. M., Rosenberg, Chaim (2013). Legendary locals of Lowell, Massachusetts. ISBN 9781467100489. OCLC 854956846.
 Beach, Chandler B., ed. (1914). "Lawrence, Amos" . The New Students Reference Work . Chicago: F. E. Compton and Co.
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Lawrence, Amos" . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Hunt, Freeman (1858), "Amos Lawrence", Lives of American Merchants, 2, pp. 223–330
Lawrence, William R. (1855), Extracts from the Diary and Correspondence of the late Amos Lawrence, Boston: Gould and Lincoln
 Wilson, J. G.; Fiske, J., eds. (1892). "Lawrence, Amos" . Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography. New York: D. Appleton. This source gives his fortune as $1,000,000 at his death.
Gilman, D. C.; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905). "Lawrence, Amos" . New International Encyclopedia (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.
 Rines, George Edwin, ed. (1920). "Lawrence, Amos" . Encyclopedia Americana.

Further reading
  • Thayer, William Makepeace (1857). The Poor Boy and Merchant Prince, Or Elements of Success Drawn From the Life and Character of the Late Amos Lawrence. Boston: Gould and Lincoln. OCLC 567691.
  • Swansburg, John (29 September 2014). "The Self-Made Man". Amos Lawrence: The Incorruptible Merchant. Slate.
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