Ammonium bisulfate

Ammonium bisulfate
Names
	IUPAC name Ammonium hydrogen sulfate
Identifiers
CAS Number	7803-63-6 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChemSpider	23057 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.029.332
PubChem CID	16211166;
RTECS number	WS990000;
UNII	8MW949D9GE ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID9051244 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/H3N.H2O4S/c;1-5(2,3)4/h1H3;(H2,1,2,3,4) Key: BIGPRXCJEDHCLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ; InChI=1/H3N.H2O4S/c;1-5(2,3)4/h1H3;(H2,1,2,3,4) Key: BIGPRXCJEDHCLP-UHFFFAOYAA;
	SMILES [O-]S(=O)(=O)O.[NH4+];
Properties
Chemical formula	(NH4)HSO4
Molar mass	115.11 g/mol
Appearance	White solid
Density	1.78 g/cm3
Melting point	147 °C (297 °F; 420 K)
Solubility in water	Very soluble
Solubility in other solvents	Soluble in methanol ; insoluble in acetone
Hazards
Safety data sheet	External MSDS
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	0 3 0
Related compounds
Other anions	Ammonium thiosulfate; Ammonium sulfite; Ammonium sulfate; Ammonium persulfate
Other cations	Sodium bisulfate; Potassium bisulfate
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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	Infobox references

Ammonium bisulfate, also known as ammonium hydrogen sulfate, is a white, crystalline solid with the formula (NH₄)HSO₄. It is the product of the half-neutralization of sulfuric acid by ammonia.

Production

It is commonly collected as a byproduct of the "acetone cyanohydrin route" to the commodity chemical methyl methacrylate.[1]

It can also be obtained by hydrolysis of sulfamic acid in aqueous solution, which produces the salt in high purity:

H₃NSO₃ + H₂O → [NH₄]⁺[HSO₄]⁻

It also arises by the thermal decomposition of ammonium sulfate:

(NH₄)₂SO₄ → (NH₄)HSO₄ + NH₃

Applications

It can be further neutralized with ammonia to form ammonium sulfate, a valuable fertilizer. It can be used as a weaker alternative to sulfuric acid, although sodium bisulfate is much more common.

References

William Bauer, Jr. "Methacrylic Acid and Derivatives" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2002, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a16_441.

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[1] William Bauer, Jr. "Methacrylic Acid and Derivatives" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2002, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a16_441.