Aluminium battery

Different types of Aluminium-based batteries have been investigated. Several are listed below:[1]

• Aluminium–air battery is a non-rechargable battery. Aluminium–air batteries (Al–air batteries) produce electricity from the reaction of oxygen in the air with aluminium. They have one of the highest energy densities of all batteries, but they are not widely used because of problems with high anode cost and byproduct removal when using traditional electrolytes.
  Main article: Aluminium–air battery

• Aluminium-ion battery is a class of rechargable battery in which aluminium ions provide energy.
  Main article: Aluminium-ion battery

• Aluminium–chlorine battery was patented by United States Air Force in the 1970s and designed mostly for military applications. They use aluminium anodes and chlorine on graphite substrate cathodes. Required elevated temperatures to be operational.

• Aluminium–sulfur battery worked on by American researchers with great claims, although it seems that they are still far from mass production. Rechargeable aluminium–sulfur battery was first demonstrated at University of Maryland in 2016.[2]

• Al–Fe–O, Al–Cu–O and Al–Fe–OH batteries were proposed by some researchers for military hybrid vehicles. Corresponding practical energy densities claimed are 455, 440, and 380 Wh/kg[3]

• Al–MnO manganese-dioxide battery using acidic electrolyte. Produces a high voltage of 1.9 volts. Another variation uses a base (potassium hydroxide) as the anolyte and sulfuric acid as the catholyte. The two parts being separated by a slightly permeable film to avoid mixing of the electrolyte in both half cells. This configuration gives a high voltage of 2.6–2.85 volts.

• Al–glass system. As reported in an Italian patent by Baiocchi,[4] in the interface between common silica glass and aluminium foil (no other components are required) at a temperature near the melting point of the metal, an electric voltage is generated with an electric current passing through when the system is closed onto a resistive load. The phenomenon was first observed by Baiocchi, and after Dell'Era et al. (2013).[5] began the study and the characterization of this electrochemical system.