Aeneator

While the size of individual Roman military units, or alae, may have varied, alae made extensive use of both acoustical and visual signaling in communications and each had an assigned banner bearer (vexillarius) and at least one aeneator. A variety of instruments were used by aeneators, including the buccina, cornu, tuba, and lituus. In addition to their roles within battle, aeneators were also used for processionals and games, particularly in marching home from war.[1]

Aeneators who blew a cornu (a G-shaped horn made of brass) were known as "cornicines"; those who blew a tuba (a straight bronze horn with a slight flare at the end)[2] were known as "tubicens"; those who blew a buccina (a C-shaped horn made of bronze or silver or animal horn) were known as "bucinators". Cornicens and tubicens mostly performed uncomplicated tactical signaling on the battlefield, and therefore were not accorded special status in the military unit.[3] They had call duties in the barracks, just as other commonly conscripted soldiers had. By contrast, the bucinator was seen as a specially-skilled member of the unit who was capable of performing a wider repertoire and was used to perform a variety of ceremonial duties. Many units accorded bucinators immunes status,[3] and there were equestrian bucinatores that served as cavalry buglers.[2]

Aeneators were not the only skilled or specialized players of wind instruments in Ancient Roman culture. For other Roman aerophones and their usage outside of military contexts, see also:

• Cornicen
• Aulos
• Hydraulis

• List of Roman army unit types