Adrenergic nervous system
Adrenergic system or Adrenergic nervous system (ANS) is a group of organs and nerves in which adrenaline (epinephrine) and/or noradrenaline (norepinephrine) act as neurotransmitters. ANS is counted as one of the main neurohormonal systems that regulate cardiovascular function, including smooth muscle tone.[1]
Components
The peripheral adrenergic nervous system consists of three main components:[2]
- The sympathetic nervous system (SNS), which comprises the autonomic outflow from the thoracic and high lumbar segments of the spinal cord;
- The parasympathetic nervous system (PNS), which includes the outflow from the cranial nerves and the low lumbar and sacral spinal cord
- The enteric nervous system (ENS), which comprises intrinsic neurons in the wall of the gut.
References
- Lymperopoulos A, Rengo G, Koch WJ (2013). "Adrenergic nervous system in heart failure: pathophysiology and therapy". Circulation Research. 113 (6): 739–753. doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.113.300308. PMC 3843360. PMID 23989716.
- Scanzano A, Cosentino M (2015). "Adrenergic regulation of innate immunity: a review". Front. Pharmacol. 6. doi:10.3389/fphar.2015.00171. PMC 4534859. PMID 26321956.
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