Adhesive tape

Adhesive tape refers to any one of a variety of combinations of backing materials coated with an adhesive. Different backing materials and adhesives can be used depending on the intended use.

A roll of pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) office tape in a dispenser

History

Pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA), a key component of some adhesive tapes, was first developed in 1845 by Dr. Horace Day, a surgeon.[1] In 1901, the German Oscar Troplowitz invented an adhesive patch called Leukoplast for the German company Beiersdorf AG. In 1936, German company Beiersdorf AG invented a transparent adhesive patch called Tesa.[2]

Adhesive strength versus shape

Adhesiveness depends not only on the type of tape but also on its macroscopic shape. Tapes with sharp corners start to detach at pointed corners. [3] Adhesive strength can be improved by rounding the corners.[4]

Types
Main article: List of adhesive tapes

Pressure-sensitive tape
Main articles: Pressure-sensitive tape and Chemistry of adhesive tapes
Dennison Mending Tape from the second half of the 20th century. From the Museo del Objeto del Objeto collection.
Duct Tape

Pressure-sensitive tape, PSA tape, self-stick tape or sticky tape consists of a pressure-sensitive adhesive coated onto a backing material such as paper, plastic film, cloth, or metal foil. It is sticky (tacky) without any heat or solvent for activation and adheres with light pressure. These tapes usually require a release agent on their backing or a release liner to cover the adhesive. Sometimes, the term "adhesive tape" is used for these tapes.

Many pressure-sensitive adhesive tapes exhibit triboluminescence, observable in a dark room, when peeled off a dispenser roll or other surface.[5][6]

Water activated tape

Water activated tape, gummed paper tape or gummed tape is starch- or sometimes animal glue-based adhesive on a kraft paper backing which becomes sticky when moistened.

A specific type of gummed tape is called reinforced gummed tape (RGT). The backing of this reinforced tape consists of two layers of paper with a cross-pattern of fiberglass filaments laminated between. The laminating adhesive had previously been asphalt but now is more commonly a hot-melt atactic polypropylene.

Gummed tapes are described in ASTM D5749-01(2006)[7] Standard Specification for Reinforced and Plain gummed Tape for Sealing and Securing.

Water-activated tape is used for closing and sealing boxes. Before closing corrugated fiberboard boxes, the tape is wetted or remoistened, activated by water. The tape is mostly 3 inches (7.5 cm) wide.

Heat sensitive tape

Heat activated tape is usually tack-free until it is activated by a heat source. It is sometimes used in packaging, for example, a tear strip tape for cigarette packs. Conversely, thermal release tape, such as REVALPHA by Nitto Denko, loses its tack and fully releases when heated to a certain temperature. This type of tape is used often in the semiconductor industry.

Drywall tape

Drywall tape is paper, cloth, or mesh, sometimes with a gummed or pressure-sensitive adhesive. It is used to make the joints between sheets of drywall materials.[8]

See also

References
  1. Journal of the American Institute for Conservation, By Merrily A. Smith, Norvell M. M. Jones, II, Susan L. Page and Marian Peck Dirda;JAIC 1984, Volume 23, Number 2, Article 3 (pp. 101 to 113)
  2. Tesa.de: Geschichte (German)
  3. Popov, Valentin L.; Pohrt, Roman; Li, Qiang (2017-09-01). "Strength of adhesive contacts: Influence of contact geometry and material gradients". Friction. 5 (3): 308–325. doi:10.1007/s40544-017-0177-3. ISSN 2223-7690.
  4. Friction Physics (2017-12-06), Science friction: Adhesion of complex shapes, retrieved 2018-01-02
  5. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-05-12. Retrieved 2013-04-10.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  6. "Pages · Towson University". towson.edu. Archived from the original on 2013-04-05.
  7. "ASTM D5749 - 01(2012) Standard Specification for Reinforced and Plain Gummed Tape for Sealing and Securing". www.astm.org. Archived from the original on 2017-02-04. Retrieved 2017-02-02.
  8. Hedstrom, Gary (2005). How to Fix Everything for Dummies. For Dummies. pp. 81. ISBN 978-0-7645-7209-8.
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