Abdul Husayn al-Killidar

Sayyid Abd al-Husayn Ali al-Killdar Tumah (Arabic: عبد الحسين علي الكليدار آل طعمه‎; 1881–March 30, 1961) was an Iraqi author, scholar, and served as the 54th custodian of the Imam Husayn shrine from 1900 until 1930.[1][2][3][4]

Sayyid

Abdul Husayn al-Killidar
السيد عبد الحسين الكليدار
54th Custodian of the Imam Husayn Shrine
In office
1900–1930
Preceded byAli al-Killidar
Succeeded byAbdul Saleh al-Killidar
Personal details
Born
Abd al-Husayn Ali Jawad Tumah

1881 (1881)
Karbala, Iraq
DiedMarch 30, 1961(1961-03-30) (aged 79–80)
Karbala, Iraq
Resting placeImam Husayn Shrine

He authored a number of leading books on the history of Karbala, including Tarikh Karbala al-Mualla and Baghiyat al-Nubala Fi Tarikh Karbala.[5] Famous Iraqi author and laureate, Salih Shahristani writes about al-Killidar: "I would never miss a meeting with him. I would gain so much from his knowledge, literary, and mannerism".[6]

Biography

al-Killidar was born in 1881 to Ali al-Killidar (d. May 3, 1900).[7] He is from the Tumah branch of the Al Faiz family. His grandfather Jawad took on the name al-Killidar (Arabic: الكليدار‎) which roots from kileet (Persian: كليت‎) dar (Persian: دار‎), which translates to key holder in Persian, a name often given to those that take on the role of tending to holy shrines.[8]

He grew up and studied in Karbala and was highly influenced by the literary atmosphere that surrounded him at the time. At the age of 19, he took on the responsibilities of the custodianship of the Imam Husayn shrine. al-Killidar was made custodian of the shrine, after his father Ali passed away. Under his custodianship, he supervised the building of the golden iwan of the shrine in 1912. He also ordered the re-plating of the cage of the shrine, with silver, after it had worn out.[9]

He gave up the custodianship to his son Abdul-Saleh in 1930, and spent the rest of his life writing books and performing i'tikaf.[10]

al-Killidar founded a grand library in Karbala, with many books, as well as his own publications and scripts. He had some remarkable manuscripts, including a poetry collection of Sheikh Muhammad-Ali Kamona, kashkool (diary) of Mawla Muhammad-Husayn al-Isfahani, Mafatih al-Maghaliq Fi Ilm al-I'dad wal-Huroof (book on science of letters) by Mahmud Dehdar, and an original copy of ْthe grand poet, Jawad Bedqat's epic. The library was burnt in the Hamza Bey incident of 1915. However al-Killidar rebuilt the library and passed it down to his son Adul-Saleh, and it stands until this day.[11] The library was visited by notable figures such as Louis Massignon and Gertrude Bell, upon their travels to Iraq, in the early 20th century.[12][13]

Personal life

al-Killidar was married to the daughter of affluent Baghdadi merchant, Abd al-Hadi al-Astarabadi (1806–1899). He had two sons, Abd al-Saleh (who became the saden after him) and Muhammad-Kadhim.

al-Killidar's brother-in-law, Mahmoud al-Astarabadi, hid Nuri al-Said in his home, when he was wanted during the 14 July revolution. However, al-Said was compromised, and killed along with Astarabadi's wife, during their attempt to flee.[14]

Death

al-Killidar died on the night of Thursday March 30, 1961, and was buried in the south-east corner of the Husayn shrine courtyard, near the al-Raja door.[3]

Legacy

Books
  • Baghiyat al-Nubala Fi Tarikh Karbala (The Purpose of the Nobles in the History of Karbala)
  • Tarikh Karbala al-Mualla (History of Holy Karbala). In Arabic and Persian.
  • Halat al-Arab al-Ijtima'iya Fi al-Jahiliya (The Arabs Social Status in Jahiliyyah)
  • al-Zahr al-Muqtataff Fi Akhbar al-Taff
  • Quraysh Fi al-Tarikh (Quraysh In History)
  • Nash'at al-Dawla al-Aqiliyya (The Rise of the Aqilid State)
  • Butoon Quraysh (The Core of Quraysh)
  • Nash'at al-Adyan al-Samawiya (The Rise of the Religions of the Skies)
  • Tarikh Al Tumah al-Musawiyeen (History of the Musawi Tumahs)
  • Adyan al-Arab Fi al-Jahiliya (The Religions of the Arabs in Jahiliyyah)

Students
  • Ahmed Hamed al-Sarraf - author of Umar al-Khayyam (Omar Khayyam) and al-Shabak (The Nets), as well as a previous governor of Karbala.
  • Muhammad-Husayn al-Adib - principal of al-Husayn Primary School.
  • Salman Hadi Tumah - notable author and writer.

See also

References
  1. Ṭuʻmah, Salmān Hādī (1998). Asha'er Karbala Wa 'Usariha [Tribes and Families of Karbala] (in Arabic). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Mahaja al-Baydha'. p. 149.
  2. al-Fadala, Dr. Saleh (2013). al-Jawhar al-Afeef Fi Ma'rifat al-Nasab al-Nabawi al-Sharif [The Noble Prophetic Lineage]. Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Kotob al-Ilmiyah. p. 566. ISBN 9782745178664.
  3. "Al Sayyid Abd al-Husayn al-Killidar Al Tumah". Islamic and Human Education Department - Al Abbas Holy Shrine (in Arabic). Retrieved 2020-06-23.
  4. al-Jibouri, Kaamil Salman (2003). Mu'jam al-'Udaba' Min 'Asr al-Jahili Hata Sanat 2002 [Glossary of Scholars: From the Jahiliyyah to 2002 AD] (in Arabic). 3. Beirut, Lebanon: Daar al-Kitab al-'Ilmiya. p. 335.
  5. al-Zirikli, Khayr al-Din (2002). al-A'lam [The Notables] (in Arabic). 3. Dar al-'Ilm Lil Malayin. p. 278.
  6. Shahristani, Salih. Shakhsiyat Adraktuha [Personalities I came across] (in Arabic). p. 22.
  7. al-Killidar, Abd al-Husayn. Baghiyat al-Nubala Fi Tarikh Karbala (in Arabic). Baghdad, Iraq: Matba'at al-Irshad. p. 125.
  8. al-Karbassi, Ayatullah Sheikh Sadiq (1 February 2014). Tarikh al-Sidana al-Hussainiya [The History of the Custodianship of Imam Hussain's Shrine] (in Arabic). Hussaini Charitable Trust. p. 31. ISBN 978-1-908286-99-4.
  9. Ṭuʻmah, Salmān Hādī (1983). Turath Karbala [Heritage of Karbala] (in Arabic). Beirut, Lebanon: Mu'asasat al-A'lami lil-Matboo'at. p. 47.
  10. al-Karbassi, Ayatullah Sheikh Sadiq (1 February 2014). Tarikh al-Sidana al-Hussainiya [The History of the Custodianship of Imam Hussain's Shrine] (in Arabic). Hussaini Charitable Trust. pp. 125–26. ISBN 978-1-908286-99-4.
  11. "Maktabat al-Sayyid Abd al-Husayn al-Killidar Al Tumah" [Sayyid Abdul Husayn al-Killidar's Library]. imamhussain.org (in Arabic). Retrieved 2020-06-24.
  12. Ṭuʻmah, Salmān Hādī (1983). Turath Karbala [Heritage of Karbala] (in Arabic). Beirut, Lebanon: Mu'asasat al-A'lami lil-Matboo'at. p. 323.
  13. "Holy Karbala". www.najaf.org (in Arabic). Retrieved 2020-06-24.
  14. Gaury, Gerald De (1961). Three Kings in Baghdad, 1921-1958. Hutchinson. pp. 196–97.
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