1056 Azalea

1056 Azalea, provisional designation 1924 QD, is a stony Florian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 12 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 31 January 1924, by astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in southwest Germany.[15] The asteroid is named after the Azalea flower.[3]

1056 Azalea
Light curve-based 3D-model of 1056 Azalea
Discovery [1]
Discovered byK. Reinmuth
Discovery siteHeidelberg Obs.
Discovery date31 January 1924
Designations
(1056) Azalea
Pronunciation/əˈzeɪliə/[2]
Named after
Azalea (flower)[3]
1924 QD · 1925 NA
1929 WX
main-belt · (inner)
Flora [4][5]
Orbital characteristics [1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc93.24 yr (34,057 days)
Aphelion2.6277 AU
Perihelion1.8321 AU
2.2299 AU
Eccentricity0.1784
3.33 yr (1,216 days)
226.32°
0° 17m 45.6s / day
Inclination5.4267°
104.17°
212.39°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions10.66±1.99 km[6]
11.76±0.54 km[7]
11.869±0.136 km[8]
12.40 km (calculated)[4]
12.984±0.069 km[9]
13.07±0.64 km[10]
15.0276 h[11]
15.03±0.05 h[12]
15.15±0.03 h[13]
0.223±0.024[10]
0.24 (assumed)[4]
0.2457±0.0401[9]
0.292±0.040[7]
0.34±0.16[6]
SMASS = S [1] · S [4]
11.60[7][9] · 11.70[1][4][10] · 11.73±0.28[14] · 11.83[6]

    Orbit and classification

    Azalea is a member of the Flora family (402), a giant asteroid family and the largest family of stony asteroids in the main belt.[4][5][16]:23 It orbits the Sun in the inner main belt at a distance of 1.8–2.6 AU once every 3 years and 4 months (1,216 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.18 and an inclination of 5° with respect to the ecliptic.[1] The body's observation arc begins at Heidelberg in April 1928, more than 4 years after its official discovery observation.[15]

    Physical characteristics

    In the SMASS classification, Azalea is a common stony S-type asteroid.[1]

    Rotation period

    In 2004, two rotational lightcurves of Azalea were obtained from photometric observations by a group of predominately Polish astronomers including Agnieszka Kryszczyńska, as well as by astronomers Alain Klotz and Raoul Behrend. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 15.03 and 15.15 hours with a high brightness variation of 0.70 and 0.79 magnitude, respectively (U=2/2).[12][13] The high brightness amplitude is typically indicative for a non-spheroidal shape.

    Spin axis

    In 2013, an international study modeled a lightcurve with a concurring period of 15.0276 hours and found two spin axis of (252.0°, 51.0°) and (64.0°, 41.0°) in ecliptic coordinates (λ, β) (U=n.a.).[11]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Azalea measures between 10.66 and 13.07 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.223 and 0.34.[6][7][8][9][10]

    The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo of 0.24 – derived from 8 Flora, the largest member and namesake of the Flora family – and calculates a diameter of 12.40 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 11.7.[4]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named after the genus of flowering shrubs, Azalea, which are rhododendrons with funnel-shaped corollas.[3] The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 100).[3]

    References
    1. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1056 Azalea (1924 QD)" (2017-04-30 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
    2. "azalea". Oxford English Dictionary (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. September 2005. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
    3. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1056) Azalea". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1056) Azalea. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 90. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1057. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
    4. "LCDB Data for (1056) Azalea". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 30 August 2017.
    5. "Asteroid 1056 Azalea – Nesvorny HCM Asteroid Families V3.0". Small Bodies Data Ferret. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
    6. Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Kramer, E. A.; Grav, T.; et al. (September 2016). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astronomical Journal. 152 (3): 12. arXiv:1606.08923. Bibcode:2016AJ....152...63N. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
    7. Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Nugent, C.; et al. (November 2012). "Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 759 (1): 5. arXiv:1209.5794. Bibcode:2012ApJ...759L...8M. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
    8. Masiero, Joseph R.; Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Nugent, C. R.; Bauer, J. M.; Stevenson, R.; et al. (August 2014). "Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 791 (2): 11. arXiv:1406.6645. Bibcode:2014ApJ...791..121M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
    9. Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 25. arXiv:1109.6407. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...90M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90.
    10. Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. Retrieved 17 October 2019. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
    11. Hanus, J.; Broz, M.; Durech, J.; Warner, B. D.; Brinsfield, J.; Durkee, R.; et al. (November 2013). "An anisotropic distribution of spin vectors in asteroid families". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 559: 19. arXiv:1309.4296. Bibcode:2013A&A...559A.134H. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201321993. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
    12. Kryszczynska, A.; Colas, F.; Polinska, M.; Hirsch, R.; Ivanova, V.; Apostolovska, G.; et al. (October 2012). "Do Slivan states exist in the Flora family?. I. Photometric survey of the Flora region". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 546: 51. Bibcode:2012A&A...546A..72K. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219199. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
    13. Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (1056) Azalea". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
    14. Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus. 261: 34–47. arXiv:1506.00762. Bibcode:2015Icar..261...34V. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
    15. "1056 Azalea (1924 QD)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
    16. Nesvorný, D.; Broz, M.; Carruba, V. (December 2014). Identification and Dynamical Properties of Asteroid Families. Asteroids IV. pp. 297–321. arXiv:1502.01628. Bibcode:2015aste.book..297N. doi:10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816532131-ch016. ISBN 9780816532131.

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