1043 Beate

1043 Beate, provisional designation 1925 HB, is a stony asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 32 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory on 22 April 1925.[13] Any reference of its name to a person is unknown.[3]

1043 Beate
Discovery [1]
Discovered byK. Reinmuth
Discovery siteHeidelberg Obs.
Discovery date22 April 1925
Designations
(1043) Beate
PronunciationGerman: [beːˈʔaːtə][2]
Named after
unknown [3]
1925 HB
main-belt · (outer) [4]
Orbital characteristics [1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc92.20 yr (33,677 days)
Aphelion3.2214 AU
Perihelion2.9717 AU
3.0966 AU
Eccentricity0.0403
5.45 yr (1,990 days)
255.00°
0° 10m 51.24s / day
Inclination8.9257°
159.31°
154.71°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions31.60±1.3 km[5]
31.85 km (derived)[4]
31.986±0.075 km[6]
33.97±0.43 km[7]
34.08±1.11 km[8]
40.952±0.967 km[9]
14.6±0.1 h[10]
44.3±0.1 h[11][lower-alpha 1]
0.1283±0.0193[9]
0.188±0.006[7]
0.209±0.032[6]
0.2147±0.019[5]
0.241±0.038[8]
0.2517 (derived)[4]
Tholen = S [1] · S [4]
B–V = 0.900[1]
U–B = 0.455[1]
9.50[8] · 9.6[1][4] · 9.79[5][7][9] · 9.90±0.21[12]

    Orbit and classification

    Beate orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 3.0–3.2 AU once every 5 years and 5 months (1,990 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.04 and an inclination of 9° with respect to the ecliptic.[1] The asteroid's observation arc begins at the discovering observatory in May 1925, 3 weeks after its official discovery observation.[13]

    Physical characteristics

    In the Tholen classification, Beate is a common S-type asteroid.[1]

    Rotation period

    In April 2006, a rotational lightcurve of Beate was obtained from photometric observations by American astronomer Brian Warner at his Palmer Divide Observatory (716) in Colorado. It gave a longer-than average rotation period of 44.3±0.1 hours with a brightness variation of 0.47 magnitude (U=2+).[11][lower-alpha 1]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite, and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Beate measures between 31.6 and 41.0 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.128 and 0.241.[5][6][7][8][9] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.2517 and a diameter of 31.85 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 9.6.[4]

    Naming

    For this minor planet, any reference of its name to a person or occurrence is unknown.[3]

    Unknown meaning

    Among the many thousands of named minor planets, Beate is one of 120 asteroids, for which no official naming citation has been published. All of these low-numbered asteroids have numbers between 164 Eva and 1514 Ricouxa and were discovered between 1876 and the 1930s, predominantly by astronomers Auguste Charlois, Johann Palisa, Max Wolf and Karl Reinmuth (also see category).[14]

    Notes
    1. Lightcurve plot of 1043 Beate, Palmer Divide Observatory, Brian D. Warner (2006)

    References
    1. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1043 Beate (1925 HB)" (2017-07-05 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 26 July 2017.
    2. (German Names)
    3. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1043) Beate". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1043) Beate. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 89. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1044. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
    4. "LCDB Data for (1043) Beate". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 8 November 2016.
    5. Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System. 12: IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T. Retrieved 22 October 2019.
    6. Masiero, Joseph R.; Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Nugent, C. R.; Bauer, J. M.; Stevenson, R.; et al. (August 2014). "Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 791 (2): 11. arXiv:1406.6645. Bibcode:2014ApJ...791..121M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121. Retrieved 6 November 2016.
    7. Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. Retrieved 17 October 2019. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
    8. Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Nugent, C.; et al. (November 2012). "Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 759 (1): 5. arXiv:1209.5794. Bibcode:2012ApJ...759L...8M. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
    9. Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 25. arXiv:1109.6407. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...90M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90.
    10. Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (1043) Beate". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
    11. Warner, Brian D.; Higgins, David (December 2006). "The lightcurves of 1043 Beate and 1186 Turnera". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 33 (4): 104–105. Bibcode:2006MPBu...33..104W. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
    12. Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus. 261: 34–47. arXiv:1506.00762. Bibcode:2015Icar..261...34V. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
    13. "1043 Beate (1925 HB)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
    14. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "Appendix 11 – Minor Planet Names with Unknown Meaning". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – Fifth Revised and Enlarged revision. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. pp. 927–929. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.

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