Édouard Barès

Joseph Édouard Barès (27 November 1872 – 27 August 1954) was a French general and a pioneer of military aviation. A veteran of the First World War, he later served three time as Chief of Staff of the French Air Force.

Joseph Édouard Barès
Chief of Staff of the Air Force
In office
16 February 1934[1] – 3 September 1934
Preceded byVictor Denain
Succeeded byLouis Picard
In office
15 January 1933[2] – 2 April 1933
Preceded byLucien Hergault
Succeeded byVictor Denain
In office
5 January 1931[3] – 28 August 1931
Preceded byHenry Michaud
Succeeded byLucien Hergault
Personal details
Born(1872-11-27)27 November 1872[4]
Azul, Azul
Argentine Republic
Died27 April 1954(1954-04-27) (aged 81)
Aspet, Haute-Garonne,
French Republic
NationalityFrench
MotherMagdeleine Dhers
FatherJoseph Barès
Alma materÉcole Spéciale Militaire[5]
École Supérieure de Guerre
Military service
Allegiance French Third Republic
Branch/service
Years of service1892 – 1934
RankGénéral de division aérienne[lower-alpha 1]
Battles/wars

Biography

Joseph Édouard Barès was born on 27 November 1872 in Azul, Argentina from French parents.

Barès entered the École Spéciale Militaire in 1892 and graduated in 1894, choosing the Marine Infantry arm. He was affected to three different regiments and was finally promoted to the rank of Lieutenant. He participated to the Second Madagascar expedition in 1895. He then entered the École Supérieure de Guerre in 1896 where he changed is path of career to the regular Infantry of the French Army. With the development of military aviation, he joined the air service of the Army in several infantry regiments and was made a Knight of the Legion of Honour on 14 October 1911 for his exceptional services to the Military Aeronautics.[6]

On 13 September 1914, General Joseph Joffre appointed Barès Director of the Aeronautical Service (Directeur du Service Aéronautique) at the Grand Quartier Général. A proponent of the offensive against the German Industries, Barès pioneered aerial bombing, but forbade attacks against cities and civilian targets. In September 1915 he was promoted to lieutenant colonel, but with the appointment of General Robert Nivelle as commander-in-chief of the French armies in December 1916, Barès was replaced by Paul du Peuty. On 15 February 1917 Barès assumed the post of air commander of the eastern front, with particular responsibility for the sector of Verdun.

Barès was promoted to Général de Brigade on 20 March 1923 and was put in command of an air brigade. In the 30's, and as a Général de division, Joseph Barès was two times Chief of Staff of the Air Forces, before becoming Chief of Staff of the Air Army in 1934 with its official creation as an independent branch of the French Armed Forces. He retired the same year after more than 40 years of service. In December 1936, then Minister of the Air Pierre Cot awarded him the Military Medal, an honour rarely bestowed to general officers.

Général Barès died on 27 August 1954 in Aspet, France.

Units
Unit[7] Date Source
French Navy - Marine Infantry
3rd Marine Infantry Regiment 15 September 1894 [8]
13th Marine Infantry Regiment 22 April 1895 [9]
7th Marine Infantry Regiment 9 May 1896 [10]
French Army - Military Aeronautics
98th Infantry Regiment 15 September 1897 [11]
16th Infantry Regiment 16 August 1901 [12]
12th Infantry Regiment 24 December 1907 [13]
56th Infantry Regiment 9 May 1911 [14]
52nd Infantry Regiment 24 October 1911 [15]
1st Engineering Regiment 23 December 1911 [16]
6th Infantry Regiment 23 September 1913 -
154th Infantry Regiment 23 March 1914 -
108th Infantry Regiment 21 May 1914 [17]
49th Infantry Regiment - -
24th Infantry Regiment 22 September 1920 [18]
34th Air Regiment 24 February 1921 [19]

Honours and decorations
Ribbon bar Honour Date Source
Grand Cross of the National Order of the Legion of Honour 4 January 1934 [20]
Grand Officer of the National Order of the Legion of Honour 7 July 1930 [21]
Commander of the National Order of the Legion of Honour 26 February 1921 [22]
Officer of the National Order of the Legion of Honour 3 December 1914 [23]
Knight of the National Order of the Legion of Honour 14 October 1911 [24]
Military Medal 15 December 1936 [25]
War Cross 1914–1918 – Three palms - -
War Cross for foreign operational theatres – One palm - -
Madagascar commemorative medal - Second Campaign Medal - -
White Cross of Military Merit (Spain) - -

Military ranks
French Navy French Army
Élève-officier Sous-lieutenant Lieutenant Capitaine Chef de bataillon
28 October 1892[26] 15 September 1894[27] 25 September 1896[28] 9 May 1906[29] 23 September 1913
French Army French Air Force
Lieutenant-colonel Colonel Général de brigade Général de division Général de division aérienne
3 September 1915[30] 25 June 1919[31] 20 March 1923[32] 9 March 1927[33] 18 July 1934

Bibliography
  • Le général Barès: "créateur et inspirateur de l'aviation", Nouvelles Editions Latines, 1994

References
  1. The positions of Général de corps d'armée aérienne (four stars) and Général d'armée aérienne (five stars) were only created in 1939.
  1. Government of the French Republic (15 February 1934). "Décret du 15 février 1934 portant affectation d'un officier général de l'armée de l'air". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 26 October 2019.
  2. Government of the French Republic (14 January 1933). "Décret du 14 janvier 1933 portant affectation d'un officier général de l'armée de l'air". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 26 October 2019.
  3. Government of the French Republic (5 January 1931). "Décret du 5 janvier 1931 portant affectation d'un officier général de l'armée de l'air". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 26 October 2019.
  4. "Birth certificate of Barès, Joseph Édouard". culture.gouv.fr (in French). Retrieved 26 October 2019.
  5. Government of the French Republic (7 July 1892). "Concours de 1892". gallica.bnf.fr. Retrieved 26 October 2019.
  6. Government of the French Republic (14 October 1911). "Décret portant nomination dans la Légion d'honneur". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 27 October 2019.
  7. "Service records of Barès, Joseph Édouard". culture.gouv.fr (in French). Retrieved 26 October 2019.
  8. Government of the French Republic (15 September 1894). "Décret portant affectation d'officiers de marine". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 27 October 2019.
  9. Government of the French Republic (28 February 1895). "Décision portant mutation dans l'infanterie de marine". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 27 October 2019.
  10. Government of the French Republic (9 May 1896). "Décision portant mutation dans l'infanterie de marine". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 27 October 2019.
  11. Government of the French Republic (7 September 1897). "Décision portant mutation dans l'infanterie de marine". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 27 October 2019.
  12. Government of the French Republic (16 August 1901). "Décision portant mutation dans l'infanterie". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 27 October 2019.
  13. Government of the French Republic (24 December 1907). "Décision portant mutation dans l'infanterie". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 27 October 2019.
  14. Government of the French Republic (9 May 1911). "Décision portant mutation dans l'infanterie". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 27 October 2019.
  15. Government of the French Republic (24 October 1911). "Décision portant mutation dans l'infanterie". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 27 October 2019.
  16. Government of the French Republic (23 December 1911). "Décision portant mutation dans l'infanterie". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 27 October 2019.
  17. Government of the French Republic (21 May 1914). "Décision portant mutation dans l'infanterie". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 27 October 2019.
  18. Government of the French Republic (22 September 1920). "Décision portant mutation dans l'infanterie". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 27 October 2019.
  19. Government of the French Republic (24 February 1921). "Décision portant mutation dans l'infanterie". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 27 October 2019.
  20. Government of the French Republic (4 January 1934). "Décret portant promotion dans la Légion d'honneur". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 27 October 2019.
  21. Government of the French Republic (7 July 1930). "Décret portant promotion dans la Légion d'honneur". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 27 October 2019.
  22. Government of the French Republic (26 February 1921). "Décret portant promotion dans la Légion d'honneur". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 27 October 2019.
  23. Government of the French Republic (3 December 1914). "Décret portant nomination dans la Légion d'honneur". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 27 October 2019.
  24. Government of the French Republic (14 October 1911). "Décret portant nomination dans la Légion d'honneur". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 27 October 2019.
  25. Government of the French Republic (15 December 1936). "Décret conférant la Médaille militaire". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 27 October 2019.
  26. Government of the French Republic (16 October 1892). "Décret portant nomination à l'École spéciale Militaire". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 27 October 2019.
  27. Government of the French Republic (15 September 1894). "Décret portant promotion dans l'infanterie de marine". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 27 October 2019.
  28. Government of the French Republic (25 September 1896). "Décret portant promotion dans l'infanterie de marine". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 27 October 2019.
  29. Government of the French Republic (9 May 1906). "Décret portant promotion dans l'infanterie". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 27 October 2019.
  30. Government of the French Republic (3 September 1915). "Décret portant promotion dans l'infanterie". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 27 October 2019.
  31. Government of the French Republic (26 June 1919). "Décret portant promotion dans l'infanterie". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 27 October 2019.
  32. Government of the French Republic (20 March 1923). "Décret portant promotion dans l'infanterie". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 27 October 2019.
  33. Government of the French Republic (9 March 1927). "Décret portant promotion dans l'infanterie". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 27 October 2019.


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