Yttrium(III) chloride

Yttrium(III) chloride
Names
IUPAC names
Yttrium(III) chloride
Yttrium trichloride
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.030.716
RTECS number ZG3150000
Properties
YCl3
Molar mass 195.26 g/mol
Appearance white solid
Density 2.67 g/cm3
Melting point 721 °C (1,330 °F; 994 K)
Boiling point 1,507 °C (2,745 °F; 1,780 K)[1]
82 g/100 mL
Solubility 60.1 g/100 mL ethanol (15 °C)
60.6 g/100 mL pyridine (15 °C)[2]
Structure
Monoclinic, mS16
C12/m1, No. 12
Hazards
Flash point Non-flammable
Related compounds
Other anions
 Yttrium(III) fluoride
Yttrium(III) bromide
Yttrium(III) iodide
Other cations
 Scandium(III) chloride
Lanthanum(III) chloride
Actinium(III) chloride
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

Yttrium(III) chloride is an inorganic compound of yttrium and chloride. It exists in two forms, the hydrate (YCl3(H2O)6) and an anhydrous form (YCl3). Both are colourless solids that are highly soluble in water and deliquescent.

Structure

Solid YCl3 adopts a cubic structure with close-packed chloride ions and yttrium ions filling one third of the octahedral holes and the resulting YCl6 octahedra sharing three edges with adjacent octahedra, giving it a layered structure.[3] This structure is shared by a range of compounds, notably AlCl3.

Preparation and reactions

YCl3 is often prepared by the "ammonium chloride route," starting from either Y2O3 or hydrated chloride or oxychloride.[4][5] or YCl3·6H2O.[6] These methods produce (NH4)2[YCl5]:

10 NH4Cl + Y2O3 → 2 (NH4)2[YCl5] + 6 NH3 + 3 H2O
YCl3·6H2O + 2 NH4Cl → (NH4)2[YCl5] + 6 H2O

The pentachloride decomposes thermally according to the following equation:

(NH4)2[YCl5] → 2 NH4Cl + YCl3

The thermolysis reaction proceeds via the intermediacy of (NH4)[Y2Cl7].

Treating Y2O3 with aqueous HCl produces the hydrated chloride (YCl3·6H2O). When heated, this salt yields yttrium oxychloride rather than reverting to the anhydrous form.

References

  1. ↑ Yttrium & Compounds, United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2007-01-11, retrieved 2008-05-29
  2. ↑ Spencer, James F. (1919), The Metals of the Rare Earths, New York: Longmans, Green, and Co, p. 135, retrieved 2008-05-29
  3. ↑ Wells A.F. (1984) Structural Inorganic Chemistry 5th edition Oxford Science Publications ISBN 0-19-855370-6
  4. ↑ Meyer, G. (1989). "The Ammonium Chloride Route to Anhydrous Rare Earth Chlorides-The Example of YCl3". Inorganic Syntheses. 25: 146–150. doi:10.1002/9780470132562.ch35. ISBN 978-0-470-13256-2.
  5. ↑ Edelmann, F. T.; Poremba, P. (1997). Herrmann, W. A., ed. Synthetic Methods of Organometallic and Inorganic Chemistry. VI. Stuttgart: Georg Thieme Verlag. ISBN 3-13-103021-6.
  6. ↑ Taylor, M.D.; Carter, C.P. "Preparation of anhydrous lanthanide halides, especially iodides". Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry. 24 (4): 387–391. doi:10.1016/0022-1902(62)80034-7.
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