Ye Wanyong

Ye Wanyong
Korean name
Hangul 이완용
Hanja 李完用
Revised Romanization I Wanyong
McCune–Reischauer Yi Wanyong
Pen name
Hangul 일당
Hanja 一堂
Revised Romanization Ildang
McCune–Reischauer Iltang
Courtesy name
Hangul 경덕
Hanja 敬德
Revised Romanization Gyeongdeok
McCune–Reischauer Kyŏngdŏk

Ye Wanyong (pronounced [iː wan.joŋ]; 17 July 1858, Seongnam – 12 February 1926), also known as Yi Wan-yong, was a pro-Japanese minister of Korea, who signed the Japan–Korea Annexation Treaty, which placed Korea under Japanese rule in 1910.

Early life and education

Born to a prominent family in [Gyeonggi-do province), Ye spent three years in the United States from 1887–1891. Ye was a founding member of the Independence Club established in 1896 and belonged to the "reform faction" which wanted to Westernize Korea and to open the country to foreign trade.[1][2]

Early career

Ye was a prominent government minister at the time of Eulsa Treaty of 1905, and was the most outspoken supporter of the pact which made the Korean Empire a protectorate of the Empire of Japan, thus stripping it of its diplomatic sovereignty. The treaty was signed in defiance of Korean Emperor Gojong, and he is thus accounted to be the chief of five ministers (including Park Jae-soon, Lee Ji-yong, Lee Geun-taek, Gwon Joong-hyun) who were later denounced as Five Eulsa Traitors in Korea.

Under Japanese Resident-General Itō Hirobumi, Ye was promoted to the post of prime minister from 1906-1910. Ye was instrumental in forcing Emperor Gojong to abdicate in 1907, after Emperor Gojong tried to publicly denounce the Eulsa Treaty at the second international Hague Peace Convention. In 1907 Ye was also chief amongst the seven ministers who supported the Japan–Korea Treaty of 1907, which further placed the domestic affairs of Korea under Japan's control, thus completing the colonialisation of Korea by Japan. Ye is therefore also listed in Korea amongst the Seven Jeongmi Traitors. In 1909, he was seriously injured in an assassination attempt by the "Five Eulsa Traitors Assassination Group".

Career under Japanese rule

General power of attorney to Lee Wan-Yong signed and sealed by Sunjong.

In 1910, Ye signed the Japan-Korea Annexation Treaty by which Japan took full control over Korea, while Korean Emperor Sunjong refused to sign. For his cooperation with the Japanese, Ye is also listed in Korea amongst the eight Gyeongsul Traitors. He was rewarded with a peerage in the Japanese kazoku system, becoming a hakushaku (Count), in 1910, which was raised to the title of kōshaku (Marquis) in 1921. He died in 1926.

Legacy

After the independence of Korea at the end of World War II, the grave of Ye was dug up and his remains suffered the posthumous dismemberment, which is often considered to be the most disgraceful punishment in Confucian ideology. Ye Wanyong's name has almost become synonymous to that of ‘traitor’ in modern Korea.

However, Seo Jae-pil's Dongnip Sinmun (Independence Newspaper) never wrote a single line of criticism against him.[3]

The Special law to redeem pro-Japanese collaborators' property was enacted in 2005 and the committee confiscated the property[4] of the descendants of nine people that had collaborated with Japan when Korea was annexed by Japan in August 1910. Ye is one of those heading the list.[5]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Keith L. Pratt, Richard Rutt (1999). Korea: A Historical and Cultural Dictionary. Psychology Press. p. 186. ISBN 9780700704637.
  2. ↑ Kim, Jinwung (2012). A History of Korea: From "Land of the Morning Calm" to States in Conflict. Indiana University Press. p. 309. ISBN 9780253000781.
  3. ↑ English JoongAng Ilbo August 30, 2001
  4. ↑ Committee OKs Seizure of Collaborators’ Property The Chosun Ilbo,December 7, 2005
  5. ↑ South Korea: Crackdown On Collaborators The New York Times, December 24, 2007


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