Hau Wong
Hau Wong or Hou Wang (Chinese: 侯王; Jyutping: hau4 wong4) is a title that can be translated as "Prince Marquis" or "Holy Marquis". It is not any one person's name.[1] Hau Wong refers usually to Yeung Leung-jit (楊亮節), a loyal and courageous general. Despite his failing health, he remained in the army to protect the last emperor of Southern Song Dynasty when he took refuge southwards in Kowloon.[2]
Temples in Hong Kong
There are several temples dedicated to Hau Wong in Hong Kong, including six temples in Yuen Long.[3] These temples can be named Hau Wong Temple or Yeung Hau Temple (楊侯古廟). The table provides a partial list of these temples:
Note 1: A territory-wide grade reassessment of historic buildings is ongoing. The grades listed in the table are based on this update (10 September 2013). The temples with no status listed in the table below are not graded and do not appear in the list of historic buildings considered for grading.
Note 2: While most probably incomplete, this list is tentatively exhaustive.
Islands District
Location | Notes | Status | References | Photographs |
---|---|---|---|---|
Tai O, Lantau Island |
The Yeung Hau Temple in Tai O was built in 1699.[4] |
Grade I[5] | ||
Tung Chung, Lantau Island |
This Hau Wong Temple was built in 1765[6] and is the largest Hau Wong temple in Lantau island.[7] | Grade II[5] | ||
Shek Pik, Lantau Island | Inundated by the Shek Pik Reservoir in 1960.[6] | Non extant |
Sha Tin District
Location | Notes | Status | References | Photographs |
---|---|---|---|---|
Tai Wai Village, Tai Wai, Sha Tin District |
Built in 1983.[8] It replaced an earlier temple, probably built in 1884 and demolished in 1982.[9] |
Not listed |
Wong Tai Sin District
Location | Notes | Status | References | Photographs |
---|---|---|---|---|
Kowloon City area, at the southwestern corner of Wong Tai Sin District. At the junction of Tung Tau Tsuen Road and Junction Road, right opposite the Kowloon Walled City Park. |
(zh) This Hau Wong Temple was built around 1730.[10] Historic characters in the temple are said to have been worked on by Chang Yu-tang, Commodore of Dapeng, general of Kowloon Walled City. It is believed that Emperor Bing of Song and his brother Emperor Duanzong of Song made their last stance in the Song Dynasty.[11] | Previously Grade I,[5] now declared |
Yuen Long District
Location | Notes | Status | References | Photographs |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hang Tau Tsuen, next to Sheung Cheung Wai, Ping Shan, Yuen Long District |
This Yeung Hau Temple is partly dedicated to Hau Wong. The temple is part of the Ping Shan Heritage Trail.[12][13] | Grade III[5] | ||
Tong Yan San Tsuen, Ping Shan, Yuen Long District | This Yeung Hau Temple is also known as Yee Ling Temple and Za Ling Temple. Situated to the east of Tong Yan San Tsuen near Sha Tseng Road, it was built before 1711.[14] | Grade III[5] | ||
Tung Tau Tsuen (東頭村), Ha Tsuen, Yuen Long District |
Yeung Hau Temple. | Declared[15] | ||
San Wai (新圍), Ha Tsuen, Yuen Long District |
This Yeung Hau Temple was renovated in 1901. It serves as the social venue which plays the dual roles as a temple and an ancestral hall of San Wai. Basin meal feasts are organized in front of the Temple during Yeung Hau Festival and Lunar New Year.[16] | no grade | ||
Sik Kong Wai (錫降圍), Ha Tsuen, Yuen Long District |
This Yeung Hau Temple is situated at Sik Kong Wai, a Tangs' walled village in Ha Tsuen with its name recorded in the Xin'an Gazetteer of 1820.[17] | no grade | ||
No. 26C Cheung Shing Street, Yuen Long Kau Hui, Yuen Long |
This Tai Wong Temple was probably built between 1662-1722. It is the main temple of Nam Pin Wai as well as Yuen Long Kau Hui.[18] It was built for the worship of the two "Tai Wongs", Hung Shing and Yeung Hau.[19] Other than for worship, the temple was a venue for solving disputes and discussing market affairs among the villagers.[20] It also once served as a yamen and the officials lived there.[18] | Grade I | ||
Wong Uk Tsuen, Yuen Long District |
Yi Shing Temple (二聖宮) in Wong Uk Tsuen is conventionally called Tai Wong Temple. It is mainly for the worship of Hung Shing and Yeung Hau deities. Renovation was carried out in 1924. It still acts as an alliance temple of the Tung Tau Alliance formed by the seven villages around Tai Wai Tsuen. In the old days, the temple operated a credit society serving the alliance villages.[21][22] | No grade | ||
Yuen Kong Tsuen (元崗村), Pat Heung, Yuen Long District |
Chung Shing Temple (眾聖宮, Temple of All Saints). The main deity of the temple is Pak Tai with some others including Hau Wong and the Earth God.[23] | Grade III |
Temples outside of Hong Kong
Location | Notes | Status | References | Photographs |
---|---|---|---|---|
Herberton Road in Atherton, Queensland, Australia | The Hou Wang Temple is dedicated to bodyguard commander Yang Liang Chieh in 1280 AD, who was responsible for the life of the 8 year old Emperor Bing of Song losing to the Mongols in the falling Song Dynasty[24] |
See also
References
- ↑ Frederick, Holder. Livernash, Edward James. [1892] (1892). The Californian Illustrated Magazine: December, 1892 to May 1893 Volume III. The Californian Publishing Company. No ISBN digitized text
- ↑ Chinese Temples Committee website
- ↑ Antiquities and Monuments Office website
- ↑ Hau Wong Temple, Tai O, on the Chinese Temples Committee website
- 1 2 3 4 5 List of Graded Historic Buildings in Hong Kong (as at 6 November 2009) Archived 9 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine.
- 1 2 "Distribution of temples on Lantau Island as recorded in 1979", in Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Hong Kong Branch, Vol. 20, 1980. p.138
- ↑ Tung Chung Hau Wong Temple
- ↑ Tai Wai Walled Village and its Hau Wong Temple
- ↑ "Old Hau Wong Temple, Tai Wai, Sha Tin", in Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Hong Kong Branch, Vol. 23, 1983. p.233-240
- ↑ Hau Wong Temple, Junction Road, on Chinese Temples Committee website
- ↑ Lim, Patricia. [2002] (2002). Discovering Hong Hong's Cultural Heritage. Central, Hong Kong: Oxford University Press. ISBN Volume One 0-19-592723-0
- ↑ Ping Shan Trail at hkoutdoors.com
- ↑ Ping Shan Heritage Trail - Yeung Hau Temple, Hang Tau Tsuen
- ↑ Introduction to 1444 Historic Buildings. Item #1045
- ↑ Declared Monuments in Hong Kong - Tung Tau Tsuen, Ha Tsuen Yeung Hau Temple
- ↑ Brief Information on proposed Grade Nil Items, pp.496-497
- ↑ Brief Information on proposed Grade Nil Items, pp.361-362
- 1 2 Introduction to 1444 Historic Buildings, p.178
- ↑ thaiworldview.com - Nam Pin Wai and Sai Pin Wai villages
- ↑ Brief Information on Proposed Grade I Items, p.354
- ↑ Brief Information on proposed Grade Nil Items, pp.214-215
- ↑ Introduction to 1444 Historic Buildings, p.1207
- ↑ Brief Information on Grade III Items. Item #1065 Archived 2013-09-22 at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ Houwang. "Houwang." Australian Temple website. Retrieved on 2007-05-08.
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