William J. Watson

William J. Watson (1865–1948) was a toponymist, one of the greatest Scottish scholars of the 20th century, and was the first scholar to place the study of Scottish place names on a firm linguistic basis.

Watson was a native Gaelic-speaker, born in Milntown of New Tarbat (now known as Milton), Easter Ross. He was the son of Hugh Watson, a blacksmith. He received his initial education from his uncle, James Watson. William became well grounded in Gaelic studies and the Classics. He went to the University of Aberdeen and the University of Oxford.

First a school teacher in Glasgow, Inverness and then Edinburgh, it was while teaching in Inverness that he began to contribute to the Transactions of the Gaelic Society of Inverness and the Celtic Review. He married Ella Carmichael daughter of Alexander Carmichael. He took the chair of Celtic at the University of Edinburgh in 1914, despite holding no prior university position. He remained in this prestigious position until making way for his son James Carmichael Watson in 1938. William died aged 83 on 9 March 1948.

He is best known for his The Celtic Place-names of Scotland (1926), based on 30 years of work. Watson's work, eight decades later, is still the primary scholarly reference guide on the subject. The book is based on extensive notes taken by Watson, which are unpublished and held by the University of Edinburgh. Watson's great work was recently republished by Birlinn (2004).

Select bibliography

• Place-Names of Ross and Cromarty (Inverness, 1904)
• Prints of the Past around Inverness (Inverness, 1909; 2nd revised edition Inverness, 1925)
• Rosg Gàidhlig (Inverness, 1915; 2nd edition Glasgow, 1929)
• Bàrdachd Gàidhlig (Inverness, 1915)
• The Picts: their original position in Scotland (Inverness, 1921)
• Ross and Cromarty. Cambridge County Geographies. 1924.
• The History of the Celtic Place-Names of Scotland (Edinburgh, 1926)
• Scottish Verse in the Book of the Dean of Lismore (Edinburgh, 1937)

References and further reading

Wikisource has original works written by or about: William J. Watson

• Savage, Steve, William J Watson: Scottish Place-Name Papers, (London, 2002)
• Watson, W. J., History of the Celtic Place-Names of Scotland, (Edinburgh, 1926), reprinted, with an Introduction, full Watson bibliography and corrigenda by Simon Taylor (Edinburgh, 2004).