White-winged black tit

White-winged black tit
Nominate race in Ethiopia
M. l. subsp. insignis in Angola
Scientific classification
Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Aves
Order:Passeriformes
Family:Paridae
Genus:Melaniparus
Species: M. leucomelas
Binomial name
Melaniparus leucomelas
(Rüppell, 1840)
Map showing ranges of two races, respectively north and south of equator
Synonyms

Parus leucomelas

The white-winged black tit (Melaniparus leucomelas), also known as the white-winged tit, is a passerine bird in the tit family Paridae.

Description

It is mainly black with a white wing patch, but differs from the more northern white-shouldered tit (Melaniparus guineensis) with which it sometimes considered conspecific in that it has a dark eye.

Range and races

It is found in central Africa, from Angola in the west to Ethiopia in the east. There are two races:[2]

  • M. l. subsp. leucomelas Rüppell, 1840 – Ethiopia, Eritrea, Sudan and South Sudan
  • M. l. subsp. insignis Cabanis, 1880 – African equator to southern subtropics

Taxonomy

The white-winged black tit was formerly one of the many species in the genus Parus but was moved to Melaniparus after a molecular phylogenetic analysis published in 2013 showed that the members of the new genus formed a distinct clade.[3][4]

References

  1. ↑ BirdLife International (2013). "Parus leucomelas". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
  2. ↑ "White-winged Black Tit (Parus leucomelas) - HBW 12, p. 731". Internet Bird Collection. Retrieved 27 June 2016.
  3. ↑ Johansson, U.S.; Ekman, J.; Bowie, R.C.K.; Halvarsson, P.; Ohlson, J.I.; Price, T.D.; Ericson, P.G.P. (2013). "A complete multilocus species phylogeny of the tits and chickadees (Aves: Paridae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 69 (3): 852–860. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.06.019. PMID 23831453.
  4. ↑ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David (eds.). "Waxwings and their allies, tits & penduline tits". World Bird List Version 6.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
  • Gill, Frank B.; Slikas, Beth; Sheldon, Frederick H. (2005). "Phylogeny of titmice (Paridae): II. Species relationships based on sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene". Auk. 122 (1): 121–143. doi:10.1642/0004-8038(2005)122[0121:POTPIS]2.0.CO;2.


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