Vimana (architectural feature)

A seven-storey vimana

Vimana is the structure over the garbhagriha or inner sanctum in the Hindu temples of South India and Odisha in East India. In typical temples of Odisha using the Kalinga style of architecture, the Vimana is the tallest structure of the temple, as it is in the shikhara towers of temples in West and North India. By contrast, in large South Indian temples, it is typically smaller than the great gatehouses or gopuram, which are the most immediately striking architectural elements in a temple complex.

In North Indian temple architecture texts, the superstructure over the garbhagriha is called a 'shikhara'. However, in South Indian Hindu architecture texts, the term shikhara means a dome-shaped crowning cap above the Vimana.^[1]

Architecture

The Vimana of the Jagannath Temple at Puri in the Kalinga style of architecture

A typical Hindu temple in Dravidian style have gopurams in the four directions i.e. East - main entrance, North and south - side entrances, West - only opened on auspicious day where it is believed we will go directly to Heaven.The temple's walls are typically square with the outer most wall having four gopuras, one each on every side, situated exactly in the center of each wall. This will continue to next tier depending upon the size of the temple. The sanctum sanctorum and its towering roof (the central deity's shrine) are also called the Vimana. Generally, these do not assume as much significance as the outer gopurams, with the exception of a few temples where the sanctum sanctorum's roofs are as famous as the temple complex itself.

Golden shrine of Tirumala Venkateswara Temple

Famous Shrines

The kanaka-sabai (Golden Stage) at Nataraja Temple, Chidambaram, is another example. This shrine is entirely covered with golden plates, but is different in its structure and massive in size when compared to most other vimanas. Historical evidence states that during the ninth century, Parantaka I funded to cover this vimana with ornamental gold and it retains its glory even today.

The Ananda Nilayam vimana of the Venkateswara Temple, Tirumala, is a famous example where the gopuram of the main shrine occupies a very special place in the temple's history and identity.

Meenakshi Temple has two golden vimanas,^[2] the huge one for Shiva and the second one for his consort, Meenakshi.

The Vimana of the Brihadisvara Temple, Thanjavur, is another example, with a very exaggerated height. This form is not very common.

The Jagannath Temple, Puri, has the Neelachakra on the sikhara, i.e., the top of the Vimana. It is a representation of Vishnu's most powerful weapon, the sudarshana chakra.

The vimana of the Konark Sun Temple was the tallest of all vimanas before it fell.

Gallery

• 
  Vimanam and Gopuram
• 
  Sirkazhi Temple Vimanam
• 
  Tirunallur Vimanam

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Vimanas (architecture).

• List of tallest Vimanams

Notes