Vice President of the People's Republic of China

Vice President of the People's Republic of China
中华人民共和国副主席
Incumbent
Wang Qishan
since 17 March 2018
Style Mr Vice President (副主席)
Residence Zhongnanhai (informal)
Seat West Building, Zhongnanhai, Beijing[1]
Nominator the Presidium of the National People's Congress
Appointer National People's Congress
Term length Five years, renewable
Inaugural holder Zhu De
as Vice-Chairman under
the 1954 Constitution
Ulanhu
as Vice-President under
the 1982 Constitution
Formation 27 September 1954
18 June 1983
Abolished January 1975 – December 1982
Unofficial names 国家副主席 (Vice-President of the State)
Website Presidency
This article is part of a series on the
Politics of China
Presidency

The Vice President of the People's Republic of China (simplified Chinese: 中华人民共和国副主席; traditional Chinese: 中華人民共和國副主席; pinyin: Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó Fùzhǔxí; literally: "Chinese People's Republic Vice-Chairperson"; abbreviated 国家副主席; Guójiā Fùzhǔxí; "State Vice-Chairperson"), formerly translated as Vice Chairman of the People's Republic of China from 1954 to 1975, is a senior position in the government of the People's Republic of China.

Selection and Powers

The office was created by the 1982 constitution. Formally, the Vice President is elected by the National People's Congress in accordance with Article 62 of the Constitution. In practice, this election falls into the category of single-candidate' elections. The candidate is recommended by the Presidium of the National People's Congress, which also theoretically has the power to recall the Vice President.

By law, the Vice President must be a Chinese citizen of 45 years of age or older. Prior to March 2018, he or she cannot serve for over two terms, a term being the equivalent of one session of the NPC, which is five years.

The Vice President's duties include assisting the President, and replacing him should he resign or die in office. In reality the position of the Vice President is mostly ceremonial; Vice Presidents Zeng Qinghong, Hu Jintao, and Xi Jinping have been members of the CPC Politburo Standing Committee and the Central Secretariat, the country's main decision making bodies; these three served concurrently as the first-ranked Secretary of the Secretariat, in charge of party affairs.

The Vice President may play a major role in foreign affairs. For instance, the Vice President generally sits on the Foreign Affairs Leading Group, a policy coordination body of the Communist Party. The Vice President has also typically sits on the Central Coordination Group for Hong Kong and Macau Affairs. Therefore, while the Vice President may not actually have substantive powers as defined in the Constitution, the office nonetheless carries significance and prestige. The holders of the office have all been individuals with a degree of political clout.

Vice President Li Yuanchao was a member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of China until 2017, but not the Standing Committee. His successor, Wang Qishan, was a retired member of the Standing Committee at the time of his ascension.

List of vice presidents

Generations of leadership

  First Administration   Second Administration   Third Administration   Hu–Wen Administration   Xi–Li Administration

Central People's Government (1949–1954)

Vice Chairmen of the Central People's Government
(co-serving, 1 October 1949 – 27 September 1954)
  1. Zhu De
  2. Liu Shaoqi
  3. Song Qingling
  4. Li Jishen
  5. Zhang Lan
  6. Gao Gang (until his suicide on 17 August 1954)

The 1st Constitution (1954–1975)

Vice Chairmen of the People's Republic China
Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)
Constituency		 Term of office NPC Chairman
1 Zhu De
朱德
(1886–1976)
Sichuan At-large		 27 September 1954 27 April 1959 I Mao Zedong
The first Vice Chairman of the People's Republic of China.
2 Song Qingling
宋庆龄
(1893–1981)
Shanghai At-large		 Dong Biwu
董必武
(1886–1975)
Hubei At-large		 27 April 1959 17 January 1975 II · III Liu Shaoqi
Term of office NPC President
3 Served jointly as Vice Chairmen.
Vacancy by ascension and post abolished

The 4th Constitution (1982–present)

Vice President of the People's Republic China
Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)
Constituency		 Term of office NPC President
3 Ulanhu
乌兰夫
(1906–1988)
Inner Mongolia At-large		 18 June 1983 8 April 1988 VI Li Xiannian
An ethnic Mongol and former Chairman of Inner Mongolia, Ulanhu served as the first Vice President under the 4th Constitution of the People's Republic of China.
4 Wang Zhen
王震
(1908–1993)
Xinjiang At-large		 April 1988 12 March 1993 VII Yang Shangkun
Wang Zhen, a Communist military leader, was perhaps best known for leading the People's Liberation Army into Xinjiang at the foundation of the People's Republic. In 1988 Wang assumed the title of Vice-President in an honorary capacity, after his failed effort to put the conservative Deng Liqun in the position of General Secretary. Wang was the second Vice President under the 4th Constitution of the People's Republic of China. He died in office.
5 Rong Yiren
荣毅仁
(1916–2005)
Shanghai At-large		 12 March 1993 15 March 1998 VIII Jiang Zemin
A member of the China Democratic National Construction Association, a recognized non-Communist political party in China, Rong served as the third Vice President under the 4th Constitution of the People's Republic of China.
6 Hu Jintao
胡锦涛
(1942– )
Guizhou At-large		 15 March 1998 15 March 2003 IX Jiang Zemin
Hu, the former party chief of Guizhou province and the Tibet Autonomous Region, served as the fourth Vice President under the 4th Constitution of the People's Republic of China. In his capacity as Vice-President, Hu was probably best known for handling the aftermath of the United States bombing of the Chinese embassy in Belgrade. Hu was the first member of the Politburo Standing Committee to assume the post since the adoption of the 1982 constitution. In 2003, Hu became the first Vice President to become President.
7 Zeng Qinghong
曾庆红
(1940– )
Jiangxi At-large		 15 March 2003 15 March 2008 X Hu Jintao
Zeng Qinghong, who had come to prominence as a political aide to Jiang Zemin, served as the fifth Vice President under the 4th Constitution of the People's Republic of China. Also a member of the Politburo Standing Committee, Zeng received an unusually high number of votes against him during his election for the vice-presidency.
8 Xi Jinping
习近平
(1953– )
Shanghai At-large		 15 March 2008 14 March 2013 XI Hu Jintao
Xi, the former party chief of Zhejiang, then Shanghai, became the sixth Vice President under the 4th Constitution of the People's Republic of China and the second Vice President to become President. Also a member of the Politburo Standing Committee.
9 Li Yuanchao
李源潮
(1951– )
Jiangsu At-large		 14 March 2013 17 March 2018 XII Xi Jinping
Li, the former party chief of Jiangsu, became the seventh Vice President under the 4th Constitution of the People's Republic of China. A member of the Politburo. In his capacity as Vice-President, Li represented China at numerous international events of symbolic significance, such as the State Memorial Service of Nelson Mandela, and the state funeral of Lee Kuan Yew.
10 Wang Qishan
王岐山
(1948– )
Hunan At-large		 17 March 2018 Incumbent XIII Xi Jinping
Wang, a retired member of the Politburo Standing Committee and the former Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection – China's top anti-corruption enforcer, was selected for the Vice President post ostensibly for his experience in foreign affairs. Wang's assuming the post again made the vice-presidency a highly relevant office.

References

  1. ↑ Tian, Baojun. 建国后朱德元帅的住房：还不如苏联集体农庄主席. ifeng.com. Phoenix New Media Limited. Retrieved 2018-02-17.

See also

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