Propane, butane, and LPG container valve connections

LPG Distribution Colombia
LPG distribution Colombia
LPG distribution Suriname
LPG distribution Ecuador

Major differences between connectors of containers used for transport and storage of liquefied petroleum gas, propane and butane exist between countries. Even within a single country more than one type can be in use for a specific application. This requires adequate tooling and adapters for replenishment in multiple countries. For example for overlanders and users of autogas traveling with a container originating in one country to other parts of the world this is a major concern. This article describes existing standards and the standards in use for a number of countries. For disposable containers the availability per country is described. Filling stations may be able and allowed to fill foreign containers if adequate adapters.[1] are available. Adapters are provided by a.o. camping stores. The iOverlander[2] database maintained by travelers, My LPG[3] and the Facebook group "Cooking Gas Around the World[4]" provide more information about individual sources per country. Much general information about global LPG use and standardization is available from the World LPG Association[5] and the AEGPL[6]

Container types

The main containers of liquefied petroleum gas, propane and butane are automotive tanks, disposable cylinders, permanent tanks and portable cylinders.

Container TypeImportant UsesWay of Replenishment
AutomotiveAutogasFuel station
Disposable cylindersCamping, toolsReplacement
Permanent tanksHeating, cookingTank truck
Portable cylindersHeating, cookingExchange, filling station, gravity filling[7]

Connector types and standards

The list of standards shows one applicable standard for each connector type listed in the table below. A single applicable standard has been chosen in case multiple versions of the same standard have been published, for example a German and a European version.

Standards

Name Description
ABNT NBR 8614[8] Brazil: Válvulas automáticas para recipientes transportáveis para 2 kg, 5 kg e 13 kg de GLP
Autogas Acme, Bayonet, Dish, Euro[3]
DIN 477-1 No. 4 Deutsches Institut für Normung
EN 15202[9] EN 15202:2012 (G.1-G.66): LPG equipment and accessories. Essential operational dimensions for LPG cylinder valve outlet and associated equipment connections
EN 417 European specification concerning non-refillable metallic cartridges for liquefied petroleum gases.
IS-8737[10] India: Valve fittings for use with liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) cylinders of more than 5 liter water capacity
KHK S0126 Japan: Liquefied petroleum gas container Valve design / manufacturing standard KHK S0126 (2014)
SAEF SAE International
SANS 10019:2011[11] South African Bureau of Standards: Transportable pressure receptacles for compressed, dissolved and liquefied gases — Basic design, manufacture, use and maintenance
SNI 1591 : 2008[12] Indonesia: Forms, materials and components, construction requirements, quality requirements, and test methods of LPG steel tube valves.
UNEF Unified Thread Standard

Connector types

The Connector Types Table lists connectors that are found on propane, butane and LPG containers, the standards these connectors adhere to as well as the most important parameters of these connectors.

NameStandardThread type[13][14] Nominal diameter Outer diameter (mm) Thread Thread (mm) Interface[15] Direction[16]
1 ¾" x 6 ACME (G.31)Autogas Acme[17]1-3/4"44.54 tpi6.350EXTRH
1 1/4" x 5 ACME (G.29)EN 15202No thread
1 1/4" x 5 ACME LH (G.30)EN 15202No threadLH
7/16" UNEFEN 4177/16-28 NS11.128 tpi0.907EXT
ABNT NBR 13794ABNT NBR 8614NPT3/4"19.114 tpi1.814
ABNT NBR 8614 aABNT NBR 8614NPT3/8"9.5No thread
ABNT NBR 8614 bABNT NBR 8614NPT3/4"19.114 tpi1.814
BayonetAutogas BayonetNo thread
Bayonet campingEN 417No threadEXTn.a.
Butane Canister, 8-oz.No threadEXTn.a.
Camping gas VBC02 (G.3)EN 15202Metric (ISO 261)16.0 mm16.01.5 mm1.500INTRH
Camping gas VBC03 (G.33)EN 15202BSP3/8"16.719 tpi
DIN 477-1 No. 4DIN 477-1 No. 4BSP3/8"16.719 tpi
DishAutogas DishNo threadINT
Euro NozzleAutogas EuroNo threadEXT
EU-Shell (G.8)EN 15202BSW21.8 mm21.814 tpi1.814EXTLH
G 3/8 LH (G.33)EN 15202BSP3/8"16.719 tpi
G 3/8 LH EN ISO 228-1 (G.25)EN 15202No threadLH
Gaz (G.3)EN 15202Metric (ISO 261)16.0 mm16.01.5 mm1.500INTRH
GF – Grossflasche (G.04)EN 15202SI21.8 mm21.81.814 mm1.814EXTLH
IS-8737IS-8737No thread
Ital. A (EN 16129 G.1)EN 15202BSW20.0 mm20.014 tpi1.814EXTLH
KHK S0126 clip onKHK S0126No thread
KLF – Kleinflasche (G.12)EN 15202BSW21.8 mm21.814 tpi1.814EXTLH
Liquid withdrawal VL07EN 15202NGO0.885"21.814 tpi1.814INTLH
Neck valve 20 mm (G.64)EN 1520220.0 mm20.0No threadINT
POL 105 (EN 16129 G.7)EN 15202BSP5/8"22.914 tpi1.814INTLH
POL US (G.9)EN 15202NGO0.885"21.814 tpi1.814INTLH
POL-WS (G.10)EN 15202NGO0.885"21.815 tpi1.693INTLH
Primus (G.32)EN 15202Metric (ISO 261)14.0 mm14.01.5 mm1.500INTRH
QCC Type 1 (G.9)EN 152021-5/16"33.35 tpi5.080EXTRH
Quick coupling 16 mm (G.50)EN 1520216.0 mm16.0No threadINT
Quick coupling 19 mm (G.51)EN 1520219.0 mm19.0No threadINT
Quick coupling 20 mm (G.52)EN 1520220.0 mm20.0No threadINT
Quick coupling 21 mm (G.53)EN 1520221.0 mm21.0No threadINT
Quick coupling 21.7 mm threaded (G.57)EN 1520221.7 mm21.8No thread
Quick coupling 22 mm (G.54)EN 1520222.0 mm22.0No thread
Quick coupling 24.4 mm (G.58)EN 1520224.4 mm24.4No thread
Quick coupling 24.5 mm (G.55)EN 1520224.5 mm24.5No thread
Quick coupling 24.5 mm (G.60)EN 1520225.4 mm25.4No thread
Quick coupling 27 mm (G.59)EN 1520227.0 mm27.0No thread
Quick coupling 35 mm Jumbo (G.56)EN 1520235.0 mm35.0No thread
Quick coupling bayonet (G.61)EN 15202No thread
Quick Coupling Fork Lift (G.66)EN 15202No thread
Quick Coupling Fork Lift Bayonet (G.65)EN 15202No thread
SAEF 1/2"SAEFSAEF 1/2"12.713 tpi1.954INTRH
SANS 10019 small cylindersSANS 10019BSP3/8"16.719 tpi
Shell-F (G.2)EN 15202SI21.7 mm21.814 tpi1.814EXTLH
SNI 1591 : 2008 aSNI 1591NPT1/2"12.7
SNI 1591 : 2008 bSNI 1591NPT3/4"19.1No thread
SNI 1591 : 2008 cSNI 1591NPT3/4"19.1No thread
Threaded connection W 14,8 x 1/18 (G.21)EN 1520214.8 mm21.81.41 mm1.814EXTLH
VP01 (G.9)EN 15202POL
VP02 (G.9)EN 15202POL
VP03 (G.9)EN 15202POL
W 21,8 x 1,814 LH – 55° (G.05)EN 15202BSW21.8 mm21.814 tpi1.814EXTLH
W 21,8 x 1,814 LH (G.19)EN 1520221.8 mm21.81.814 mm1.814EXTLH
W 22 x 1,155 LH (G.06)EN 15202No threadLH

Standards in use per country

The list of standards in use per country shows per country for each application which connectors are use. In some countries multiple connectors are used for the same application.[8][9][10][11][12][18][19][20][5][21][22][23]

Container TypeContinentCountryStandard Name
AutomotiveAfricaSouth AfricaAcme 1-3/4
AmericasArgentinaAcme 1-3/4
Bayonet
Dish
BoliviaAcme 1-3/4
Dish
CanadaQCC Type 1 (G.9)
ChileAcme 1-3/4
Dish
ColombiaAcme 1-3/4
Costa RicaDish
EcuadorDish
MexicoAcme 1-3/4
ParaguayAcme 1-3/4
Dish
PeruDish
SurinameAcme 1-3/4
UruguayAcme 1-3/4
VenezuelaDish
Asia and Middle EastAzerbaijanAcme 1-3/4
ChinaAcme 1-3/4
Dish
IndiaDish
KazakhstanDish
KyrgyzstanDish
MongoliaDish
NepalDish
RussiaDish
TajikistanDish
TurkeyDish
EuropeAlbaniaDish
AustriaAcme 1-3/4
Dish
BelarusDish
BelgiumAcme 1-3/4
Bosnia and HerzegovinaDish
BulgariaDish
CroatiaAcme 1-3/4
Dish
Ital. A (EN 16129 G.1)
Czech RepublicDish
DenmarkBayonet
Dish
EstoniaDish
FranceDish
GermanyAcme 1-3/4
GreeceDish
HungaryDish
IrelandAcme 1-3/4
ItalyDish
KosovoDish
LatviaDish
LithuaniaDish
LuxembourgAcme 1-3/4
Bayonet
MacedoniaDish
MaltaDish
MoldovaDish
MontenegroDish
NetherlandsBayonet
NorwayBayonet
Dish
PolandDish
PortugalDish
RomaniaDish
San MarinoDish
SerbiaDish
SlovakiaDish
SloveniaDish
SpainBayonet
Euro Nozzle
SwedenDish
SwitzerlandAcme 1-3/4
Dish
UkraineDish
United KingdomAcme 1-3/4
Bayonet
OceaneaAustraliaAcme 1-3/4
New ZealandBayonet
Disposable cylindersAfricaBotswana7/16" UNEF
Cape VerdeBayonet camping
Côte d'IvoireBayonet camping
KenyaBayonet camping
Malawi7/16" UNEF
Bayonet camping
MauritaniaBayonet camping
MoroccoBayonet camping
Namibia7/16" UNEF
Bayonet camping
SenegalBayonet camping
South Africa7/16" UNEF
Bayonet camping
TanzaniaBayonet camping
Zambia7/16" UNEF
AmericasArgentina7/16" UNEF
Butane Canister, 8-oz.
BelizeButane Canister, 8-oz.
BrazilButane Canister, 8-oz.
Canada7/16" UNEF
Bayonet camping
Butane Canister, 8-oz.
Chile7/16" UNEF
Butane Canister, 8-oz.
Colombia7/16" UNEF
Butane Canister, 8-oz.
Costa Rica7/16" UNEF
Butane Canister, 8-oz.
Ecuador7/16" UNEF
GuatemalaButane Canister, 8-oz.
HaitiBayonet camping
MexicoButane Canister, 8-oz.
Panama7/16" UNEF
Peru7/16" UNEF
United States7/16" UNEF
Bayonet camping
Butane Canister, 8-oz.
UruguayButane Canister, 8-oz.
Asia and Middle EastIndia7/16" UNEF
Bayonet camping
Israel7/16" UNEF
Nepal7/16" UNEF
Pakistan7/16" UNEF
Bayonet camping
PhilippinesBayonet camping
RussiaBayonet camping
TurkeyBayonet camping
EuropeAustria7/16" UNEF
Bayonet camping
Belgium7/16" UNEF
Bayonet camping
BulgariaBayonet camping
Croatia7/16" UNEF
Bayonet camping
Czech Republic7/16" UNEF
Bayonet camping
Denmark7/16" UNEF
Bayonet camping
Estonia7/16" UNEF
Bayonet camping
Finland7/16" UNEF
Bayonet camping
France7/16" UNEF
Bayonet camping
Germany7/16" UNEF
Bayonet camping
Greece7/16" UNEF
Bayonet camping
Hungary7/16" UNEF
Bayonet camping
Iceland7/16" UNEF
Bayonet camping
Butane Canister, 8-oz.
Ireland7/16" UNEF
Bayonet camping
Italy7/16" UNEF
Bayonet camping
Latvia7/16" UNEF
Bayonet camping
Lithuania7/16" UNEF
Bayonet camping
Luxembourg7/16" UNEF
Bayonet camping
Netherlands7/16" UNEF
Bayonet camping
NorwayBayonet camping
Poland7/16" UNEF
Bayonet camping
Portugal7/16" UNEF
Bayonet camping
Romania7/16" UNEF
Bayonet camping
Slovakia7/16" UNEF
Bayonet camping
SloveniaBayonet camping
Spain7/16" UNEF
Bayonet camping
Sweden7/16" UNEF
Bayonet camping
Switzerland7/16" UNEF
Bayonet camping
UkraineBayonet camping
United Kingdom7/16" UNEF
Bayonet camping
Permanent tanksAmericasCanadaAcme 1-3/4
United StatesAcme 1-3/4
Portable cylindersAfricaBotswanaPOL 105 (EN 16129 G.7)
POL US (G.9)
SANS 10019 small cylinders
Cape VerdeGaz (G.3)
Côte d'IvoireGaz (G.3)
KenyaCamping gas VBC02 (G.3)
MalawiPOL 105 (EN 16129 G.7)
SANS 10019 small cylinders
MauritaniaGaz (G.3)
MoroccoGaz (G.3)
NamibiaPOL 105 (EN 16129 G.7)
POL US (G.9)
SANS 10019 small cylinders
SenegalGaz (G.3)
South AfricaCamping gas VBC03 (G.33)
POL 105 (EN 16129 G.7)
POL US (G.9)
SANS 10019 small cylinders
Zambia[24]POL 105 (EN 16129 G.7)
SANS 10019 small cylinders
ZimbabwePOL 105 (EN 16129 G.7)
SANS 10019 small cylinders
Americas[25]ArgentinaDIN 477-1 No. 4
POL US (G.9)
BahamasPOL US (G.9)
BarbadosPOL US (G.9)
BermudaPOL US (G.9)
BoliviaPOL US (G.9)
BrazilABNT NBR 13794
ABNT NBR 8614 a
ABNT NBR 8614 b
POL US (G.9)
CanadaPOL US (G.9)
QCC Type 1 (G.9)
ChilePOL US (G.9)
QCC Type 1 (G.9)
Quick coupling 35 mm Jumbo (G.56)
ColombiaPOL US (G.9)
Quick coupling 22 mm (G.54)
Costa RicaPOL US (G.9)
EcuadorQuick coupling 22 mm (G.54)
French GuianaEU-Shell (G.8)
GuatemalaPOL US (G.9)
GuyanaPOL US (G.9)
Quick coupling 35 mm Jumbo (G.56)
HaitiGaz (G.3)
VP02 (G.9)
HondurasPOL US (G.9)
JamaicaBayonet
NicaraguaPOL US (G.9)
ParaguayPOL US (G.9)
VP02 (G.9)
VP03 (G.9)
PeruPOL US (G.9)
Quick coupling 22 mm (G.54)
SurinamePOL US (G.9)
United StatesPOL US (G.9)
QCC Type 1 (G.9)
VenezuelaPOL US (G.9)
Asia and Middle EastBruneiPOL US (G.9)
Hong KongQuick coupling 20 mm (G.52)
VP01 (G.9)
VP03 (G.9)
IndiaGaz (G.3)
IS-8737
IndonesiaSNI 1591 : 2008 a
SNI 1591 : 2008 b
SNI 1591 : 2008 c
JapanKHK S0126 clip on
MyanmarPOL US (G.9)
PakistanGaz (G.3)
PhilippinesBayonet
Gaz (G.3)
RussiaEU-Shell (G.8)
Gaz (G.3)
GF – Grossflasche (G.04)
KLF – Kleinflasche (G.12)
POL US (G.9)
Shell-F (G.2)
TurkeyGaz (G.3)
Ital. A (EN 16129 G.1)
EuropeAustria1 ¾" x 6 ACME (G.31)
Gaz (G.3)
GF – Grossflasche (G.04)
KLF – Kleinflasche (G.12)
Belgium1 ¾" x 6 ACME (G.31)
EU-Shell (G.8)
G 3/8 LH EN ISO 228-1 (G.25)
Gaz (G.3)
KLF – Kleinflasche (G.12)
Liquid withdrawal VL07
POL-WS (G.10)
Quick coupling 27 mm (G.59)
Shell-F (G.2)
Bosnia and HerzegovinaKLF – Kleinflasche (G.12)
BulgariaGaz (G.3)
CroatiaEU-Shell (G.8)
Gaz (G.3)
Shell-F (G.2)
CyprusQuick coupling 35 mm Jumbo (G.56)
Czech Republic1 ¾" x 6 ACME (G.31)
EU-Shell (G.8)
Gaz (G.3)
GF – Grossflasche (G.04)
KLF – Kleinflasche (G.12)
POL US (G.9)
Shell-F (G.2)
Denmark1 ¾" x 6 ACME (G.31)
EU-Shell (G.8)
G 3/8 LH (G.33)
Gaz (G.3)
GF – Grossflasche (G.04)
KLF – Kleinflasche (G.12)
POL US (G.9)
Primus (G.32)
Quick coupling 16 mm (G.50)
Quick coupling 19 mm (G.51)
Quick coupling 20 mm (G.52)
Quick coupling 21 mm (G.53)
Quick coupling 22 mm (G.54)
Quick coupling 35 mm Jumbo (G.56)
Shell-F (G.2)
W 22 x 1,155 LH (G.06)
EstoniaGaz (G.3)
Finland1 1/4" x 5 ACME (G.29)
EU-Shell (G.8)
Gaz (G.3)
KLF – Kleinflasche (G.12)
Quick coupling 35 mm Jumbo (G.56)
Shell-F (G.2)
W 21,8 x 1,814 LH – 55° (G.05)
FranceEU-Shell (G.8)
Gaz (G.3)
Quick coupling 20 mm (G.52)
Quick coupling 21.7 mm threaded (G.57)
Quick coupling 27 mm (G.59)
Quick coupling 35 mm Jumbo (G.56)
Quick Coupling Fork Lift (G.66)
Quick Coupling Fork Lift Bayonet (G.65)
Shell-F (G.2)
Germany1 ¾" x 6 ACME (G.31)
G 3/8 LH EN ISO 228-1 (G.25)
Gaz (G.3)
GF – Grossflasche (G.04)
KLF – Kleinflasche (G.12)
POL US (G.9)
W 21,8 x 1,814 LH (G.19)
Greece1 ¾" x 6 ACME (G.31)
Gaz (G.3)
Ital. A (EN 16129 G.1)
Quick coupling 20 mm (G.52)
Quick coupling 22 mm (G.54)
Quick coupling 24.4 mm (G.58)
Quick coupling 24.5 mm (G.55)
HungaryEU-Shell (G.8)
Gaz (G.3)
Shell-F (G.2)
IcelandEU-Shell (G.8)
Gaz (G.3)
POL-WS (G.10)
Primus (G.32)
Shell-F (G.2)
Ireland1 ¾" x 6 ACME (G.31)
1 1/4" x 5 ACME (G.29)
EU-Shell (G.8)
Gaz (G.3)
Neck valve 20 mm (G.64)
POL 105 (EN 16129 G.7)
Quick coupling 20 mm (G.52)
Quick coupling 21 mm (G.53)
Quick coupling 27 mm (G.59)
Quick coupling 35 mm Jumbo (G.56)
Italy1 ¾" x 6 ACME (G.31)
Gaz (G.3)
Ital. A (EN 16129 G.1)
Quick coupling 20 mm (G.52)
Quick coupling 22 mm (G.54)
Quick coupling 24.4 mm (G.58)
Quick coupling 24.5 mm (G.55)
LatviaGaz (G.3)
LithuaniaGaz (G.3)
LuxembourgEU-Shell (G.8)
Gaz (G.3)
Shell-F (G.2)
MacedoniaItal. A (EN 16129 G.1)
MaltaItal. A (EN 16129 G.1)
Quick coupling 22 mm (G.54)
NetherlandsEU-Shell (G.8)
G 3/8 LH EN ISO 228-1 (G.25)
Gaz (G.3)
KLF – Kleinflasche (G.12)
SAEF 1/2"
Shell-F (G.2)
NorwayEU-Shell (G.8)
Gaz (G.3)
POL US (G.9)
POL-WS (G.10)
Primus (G.32)
Quick coupling 20 mm (G.52)
PolandG 3/8 LH (G.33)
Gaz (G.3)
GF – Grossflasche (G.04)
KLF – Kleinflasche (G.12)
POL US (G.9)
Quick coupling 27 mm (G.59)
Shell-F (G.2)
PortugalGaz (G.3)
POL US (G.9)
POL-WS (G.10)
Primus (G.32)
Quick coupling 20 mm (G.52)
Quick coupling 22 mm (G.54)
Quick coupling 24.5 mm (G.60)
Quick coupling 27 mm (G.59)
Quick coupling 35 mm Jumbo (G.56)
Quick coupling bayonet (G.61)
SerbiaEU-Shell (G.8)
Shell-F (G.2)
SlovakiaEU-Shell (G.8)
Gaz (G.3)
Shell-F (G.2)
SloveniaEU-Shell (G.8)
Gaz (G.3)
GF – Grossflasche (G.04)
KLF – Kleinflasche (G.12)
Shell-F (G.2)
Spain1 ¾" x 6 ACME (G.31)
EU-Shell (G.8)
Gaz (G.3)
Quick coupling 20 mm (G.52)
Quick coupling 35 mm Jumbo (G.56)
Shell-F (G.2)
Threaded connection W 14,8 x 1/18 (G.21)
Sweden1 1/4" x 5 ACME (G.29)
Gaz (G.3)
POL US (G.9)
POL-WS (G.10)
Primus (G.32)
Quick coupling 35 mm Jumbo (G.56)
Switzerland1 ¾" x 6 ACME (G.31)
Gaz (G.3)
Shell-F (G.2)
UkraineGaz (G.3)
United Kingdom1 1/4" x 5 ACME (G.29)
1 1/4" x 5 ACME LH (G.30)
EU-Shell (G.8)
Gaz (G.3)
POL 105 (EN 16129 G.7)
Primus (G.32)
Quick coupling 20 mm (G.52)
Quick coupling 21 mm (G.53)
Quick coupling 22 mm (G.54)
Quick coupling 27 mm (G.59)
Quick coupling 35 mm Jumbo (G.56)
OceaneaAustraliaDIN 477-1 No. 4
POL US (G.9)
Primus (G.32)
New ZealandDIN 477-1 No. 4
QCC Type 1 (G.9)
VP01 (G.9)

References

  1. "Gas adapter sets".
  2. "iOverlander | Find your next destination". ioverlander.com. Retrieved 2017-08-16.
  3. 1 2 "LPG Adapters – myLPG.eu". www.mylpg.eu. Retrieved 2017-08-16.
  4. "Cooking Gas Around the World".
  5. 1 2 "World LPG Association".
  6. "European LPG Association AEGPL". www.aegpl.eu. Retrieved 2017-08-16.
  7. Gravity filling is the process of filling an empty cylinder from a full one by gravity.
  8. 1 2 Wikipedia: Botijão de gás
  9. 1 2 "BS EN 15202:2012 – LPG equipment and accessories. Essential operational dimensions for LPG cylinder valve outlet and associated equipment connections". shop.bsigroup.com. Retrieved 2017-06-30.
  10. 1 2 Bureau of Indian Standards (1995). IS 8737: Valve fittings for use with liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) cylinders of more than 5-litre water capacity. Public. Resource.Org.
  11. 1 2 "South African Bureau of Standards". www.sabs.co.za. Retrieved 2017-06-30.
  12. 1 2 ".::Detail SNI::". sisni.bsn.go.id. Retrieved 2017-06-30.
  13. BSP: British Standard Pipe, NPT: National Pipe Taper, Metric (ISO 261), BSW: British Standard Whitworth, NGT: National Gas Taper, SI: International System of Units
  14. Sprokets (5 February 2010). "The difference between NPT, BSPP and BSPT seals | Ralston Instruments". Ralston Instruments. Retrieved 2017-08-16.
  15. INT: Internal (male), Ext: external (male)
  16. LH: left hand turn to tighten, RH: right hand turn to tighten
  17. Trapezoidal thread form
  18. "Campingaz – Gas & Charcoal barbecues | Innovative Outdoor Products | Gas Cartridges". www.campingaz.com. Retrieved 2017-08-16.
  19. "Compressed Gas Cylinder Outlet Connections". www.tedpella.com. Retrieved 2017-08-16.
  20. gazeo.com. "So hard to adapt… | gazeo.com". gazeo.com. Retrieved 2017-08-16.
  21. IRAM 2539 (Instituto Argentino de Racionalización de Materiales
  22. "Product Certification Services for goods exported to Colombia".
  23. "UL – Standards For Cylinder Valves".
  24. http://www.erb.org.zm/downloads/standards/drafts/DZS-749.pdf
  25. "Acme or POL valve required for RV propane cylinders & cylinder re-certification - RV Basics .com". rvbasics.com. Retrieved 2017-08-16.
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