''Ulmus'' 'Berardii'

Ulmus 'Berardii'
Leaves of 'Berardii'
Genus Ulmus
Cultivar 'Berardii'
Origin Metz, France

The elm cultivar Ulmus 'Berardii', Berard's Elm, was raised in 1865, as Ulmus Berardi, from seeds collected from large specimens of "common elm" growing on the ramparts at Metz, by an employee of the Simon-Louis nursery named Bérard.[1][2][3] Carrière (1887), the Späth nursery of Berlin and the Van Houtte nursery of Gentbrugge regarded it as form of a Field Elm, listing it as U. campestris Berardii,[2][4][5][6] the name used by Henry.[3] Cheal's nursery of Crawley distributed it as Ulmus nitens [:Ulmus minor] 'Berardii'.[7] Smith's of Worcester preferred the original, non-specific name, Ulmus 'Berardii' (1888 catalogue).[8]

As with 'Koopmannii', 'Berardii' is treated in some north Eurasian treatises (for example, Krüssmann, 1984) as a cultivar of the Siberian Elm Ulmus pumila.[9] Green, who had examined dried specimens of the plant, also considered it "as possibly a form of U. pumila".[10]

Description

Descriptions of 'Berardii' vary. It is said to make a bushy shrub or small tree, but these descriptions date from the early decades of its cultivation, and the parent tree was large.[3] Krüssmann and Green state that it has slender upright branches,[9][10] whereas Späth described the branches as "overhanging".[4] A 1956 herbarium specimen at the Arboretum national des Barres, Nogent-sur-Vernisson, France, describes the source tree as 5 m tall with hanging branches (it includes a small pencil sketch).[11] The leaves have been described as very small, very dark green (almost black), and glabrous, 12–18 mm long. Some herbarium specimens, however, show leaves up to 4 or 5 cm long, with 1 cm petioles,[12] while Bean gives 1.5 to 4 cm long by 0.7 to 2 cm wide.[13] They have been described as strongly crenated[2] or deeply incised by relatively few teeth (four to seven); some herbarium specimens, however, show shallowly indented margins.[14] The leaf-base is cuneate and almost symmetrical.[9] The petioles and new shoots are downy.[3] The leaves have been likened to those of Planera crenata,[1][2] and to those of Zelkova × verschaffeltii.[3] Krüssmann noted that 'Berardii' is late to come into leaf,[9] Carrière that it holds its leaves late into autumn.[2]

Pests and diseases

Chevalier noted (1942) that 'Berardii' was one of four European cultivars found by researchers in The Netherlands to have significant resistance to the earlier strain of Dutch elm disease prevalent in the 1920s and '30s, the others being 'Exoniensis', 'Monumentalis' Rinz and 'Vegeta'. The four were rated less resistant than U. foliacea clone 23, from Spain, later cultivated as 'Christine Buisman'.[15]

Cultivation

Carrière noted that the original stock plant was still present in the Simon-Louis nursery in 1887. A specimen was once grown at Kew Gardens, obtained from the Späth nursery before the First World War.[3] One tree was planted in 1893 at the Dominion Arboretum, Ottawa, Canada.[16] Three specimens were supplied by the Späth nursery to the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh in 1902, and may survive in Edinburgh as it was the practice of the Garden to distribute trees about the city (viz. the Wentworth Elm).[17] The current list of Living Accessions held in the Garden per se does not list the plant. An U. Berardia, 'Berard's Elm', a "small tree, slender in growth, [with] leaves finely cut", appears in Kelsey's 1904 catalogue, New York.[18] A specimen stood in the New York Botanical Garden in the early 20th century,[19] and one in the Arboretum national des Barres, Nogent-sur-Vernisson, France, in the mid 20th century.[11][20] The tree is not known to remain in cultivation, though 51 specimens were reported from the Jūrmalas park in Liepāja, Latvia (2003).[21]

Synonymy

  • Ulmus berardii: Simon-Louis Catalogue, 1869,  p. 96. fig. 7.

References

  1. 1 2 "New and rare plants". The Gardener's Monthly and Horticultural Advertiser. 16: 123. 1874.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Ulmus campestris Berardi, E.-A. Carrière, Revue horticole : journal d'horticulture practique, Paris 1887; p.63
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Elwes, Henry John; Henry, Augustine (1913). The Trees of Great Britain & Ireland. 7. p. 1906.
  4. 1 2 Katalog (PDF). 108. Berlin, Germany: L. Späth Baumschulenweg. 1902–1903. pp. 132–133.
  5. ↑ Späth, Ludwig (1930). Späth-Buch, 1720-1930. Berlin: Self published. pp. 311–313, 351–352
  6. ↑ Cultures de Louis van Houtte: Plantes Vivaces de Pleine Terre [Catalogue de Louis van Houtte, 1881-2] p.303
  7. ↑ J. Cheal & Sons, Crawley, Sussex; pre-1914 catalogue
  8. ↑ 'Standard Ornamental Trees' in Forest, hardy ornamental trees, conifers, etc., Richard Smith & Co., Worcester, catalogue 1887–88, p.27
  9. 1 2 3 4 Krüssmann, Gerd, Manual of Cultivated Broad-Leaved Trees & Shrubs (1984 vol. 3)
  10. 1 2 Green, Peter Shaw (1964). "Registration of cultivar names in Ulmus". Arnoldia. Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University. 24 (6–8): 41–80. Retrieved 16 February 2017.
  11. 1 2 bioportal.naturalis.nl, specimen WAG.1911572
  12. ↑ bioportal.naturalis.nl specimen WAG.1853186
  13. ↑ Bean, W. J. (1936) Trees and shrubs hardy in Great Britain, 7th edition, Murray, London, vol. 2
  14. ↑ bioportal.naturalis.nl specimen WAG.1853190
  15. ↑ "Les Ormes de France" (PDF). Revue de botanique appliquée et d'agriculture coloniale. 22 (254): 441. 1942.
  16. ↑ Saunders, William; Macoun, William Tyrrell (1899). Catalogue of the trees and shrubs in the arboretum and botanic gardens at the central experimental farm (2 ed.). pp. 74–75.
  17. ↑ Accessions book. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. 1902. pp. 45, 47.
  18. ↑ General catalogue, 1904 : choice hardy trees, shrubs, evergreens, roses, herbaceous plants, fruits, etc. New York: Frederick W. Kelsey. 1904. p. 18.
  19. ↑ sweetgum.nybg.org, New York Botanical Garden U. campestris var. berardii (Simon & Louis), 1929
  20. ↑ Pourtet, J.; Rol, R. (1949). "Catalogue des espèces cultivées dans l'arboretum des barres". Annales de l'école nationale des eaux et forêts et de la station de recherches et expériences (2): 316–319. Retrieved 23 August 2018.
  21. ↑ Bice, Maija; Knape, Dzintra; Šmite, Dagnija; Bondare, Ināra (2003). "Liepājas rajona koki un krūmi" [Trees and shrubs of the Liepāja region] (PDF). Latvijas Veģetācija. Riga: University of Latvia publishing house. 6: 12, 55. ISSN 1407-3641. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
  • "Herbarium specimen" - plants.jstor.org K000852707 Ulmus berardii, Kew specimen from original plant in Metz nursery (1885)
  • "Herbarium specimen - E00824798". Herbarium Catalogue. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. U. campestris Berardi, RBGE specimen from Späth nursery, 1902
  • "Herbarium specimen - E00824796". Herbarium Catalogue. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. U. campestris Berardi, RBGE specimen from Späth nursery, 1902
  • "Herbarium specimen - E00824797". Herbarium Catalogue. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. U. campestris Berardi, RBGE specimen from Späth nursery, 1902
  • "Herbarium specimen - WAG.1853186". Botany catalogues. Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
  • "Herbarium specimen - WAG.1853187". Botany catalogues. Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
  • "Herbarium specimen - WAG.1853188". Botany catalogues. Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
  • "Herbarium specimen - WAG.1853189". Botany catalogues. Naturalis Biodiversity Center. 'Berardii', The Hague, 1932
  • "Herbarium specimen - WAG.1853190". Botany catalogues. Naturalis Biodiversity Center. 'Berardii', The Hague, 1932
  • "Herbarium specimen - WAG.1911572". Botany catalogues. Naturalis Biodiversity Center. 'Berardii', Arboretum national des Barres, Nogent-sur-Vernisson, France; with sketch (1956)
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