Sydney Smith (forensic expert)

See also Sidney Smith for a list of individuals by that name.

Professor Sir Sydney Alfred Smith CBE OPR FRSE LLD (4 August 1883 in Roxburgh, New Zealand – 8 May 1969 in Edinburgh, Scotland), was a renowned forensic scientist and pathologist.^[1][2][3] From 1928 to 1953, Smith was Regius Professor of Forensic Medicine at the University of Edinburgh, a well-known forensic department of that time.^[4] Smith's popular 1959 autobiography, Mostly Murder, has run through many British and American editions, the latest in 1988.^[5]

Life

Smith was born at Roxburgh, Otago, in New Zealand the son of James Jackson Smith and his wife, Mary Elizabeth Wilkinson.^[6]

He was educated at Roxburgh public school, and Victoria College, Wellington. He later won a Vans Dunlop scholarship to study Botany and Zoology at the University of Edinburgh. He transferred to Medicine and graduated MB ChB in 1912, with first-class honours, and then undertook a research scholarship, gaining a Diploma in Public Health (DPH) in 1913.

Following a short period in general practice, Smith became an assistant in the Edinburgh department of forensic medicine at the suggestion of Professor Henry Harvey Littlejohn. He obtained his doctorate (MD) in 1914 with a gold medal and also won the Alison Prize.

Smith returned to New Zealand in 1914 and took up a post as Medical Officer of Health for Otago at Dunedin. During World War I, Smith served as a major in the New Zealand Army Corps. In 1917, Smith took up a post as medico-legal advisor to the Government of Egypt and senior lecturer in forensic medicine at the School of Medicine in Cairo. Smith went on to establish himself as an authority in the field of ballistics and firearms in forensic medicine, publishing the first edition of Textbook of Forensic Medicine in 1925.^[7]

In 1928, Smith was appointed to the Regius Chair of forensic medicine at the University of Edinburgh. In 1929 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were Sir Edmund Taylor Whittaker, Ralph Allan Sampson, Thomas James Jehu and James Ritchie.^[8]

In 1931 he became Dean of the Faculty of Medicine, a post he held until 1953 (succeeded by Professor Thomas J Mackie). During his period as Dean, in response to Polish medical students seeking refuge in Scotland, he founded the Polish Medical School of Edinburgh in 1941. He was awarded the Order of Polonia Restituta (OPR) by the Polish government after the war. The school was disbanded in 1949.^[9]

Smith was Rector of the University of Edinburgh from 1954 to 1957. He published an autobiography, Mostly Murder, in 1959.^[7]

In Queen's Birthday Honours 1944 Smith was appointed as a Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire.^[10] In the New Year Honours 1949 Smith was appointed as a Knight Bachelor^[11] and invested by Queen Elizabeth II on 4 March 1949.^[12] In 1955 Edinburgh University gave him an honorary doctorate (LLD) for his literary works.^[13]

He died on 8 May 1969 at his house "Rhycullen" in Edinburgh.^[14]

Artistic Recognition

He was portrayed in office as Dean by William Oliphant Hutchison.^[15]

Family

In 1912 he married Catherine Goodsir Gelenick (d.1962).^[16]

They were parents to the poet Sydney Goodsir Smith. Their daughter, Catherine Mary Goodsir Smith, became a doctor.^[17]

Cases

Smith's first important forensic case was the 1913 trial of Patrick Higgins for the murder of his two sons in Winchburgh, Scotland, known as the Hopetoun Quarry murders. Because of the build-up of adipocere in the bodies, a result of their being immersed in a cold flooded quarry, Littlejohn and Smith were able to provide important evidence in the trial, leading to the conviction and execution of Higgins.^[2] The two scientists' famous work gained notoriety 94 years later, when a relative of the boys asked for the return of specimens taken from their remains from the University of Edinburgh, for a proper burial. Research revealed that after their work on the case, Littlejohn and Smith had removed parts of the bodies from police custody to use as scientific specimens, as described in Smith's autobiography,^[5] according to Chris Paton in The Scotsman.^[18] In January 2008, the university agreed to return the remains, if the claimant could establish her relationship and the other relatives all agreed.^[19][20]

In 1935, Smith was one of the forensic experts involved in the identification of the bodies of the victims of Buck Ruxton, using a novel technique of forensic anthropology to superimpose a photograph over the X-ray of a victim's skull.

Also in 1935 (whilst on holiday) he was called to give evidence in the infamous Shark Arm case.^[21]

Notes

References

• Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, "Smith, Sir Sydney Alfred" by Francis Camps
• Sydney Smith, Mostly Murder, Guild Publishing, 1986