Stud contact electrification on model railways

Stud contact is a system of electrification for model railways. It was popular before the widespread use of plastics since it permits the use of metal sleepers (ties) or track bases, and does not require an insulated section in each wheelset.

Overview

The system is a modification of the third rail electrification system designed for use on systems where an actual third rail would be unprototypical. Studs are laid at regular intervals, generally down the centre of the track. They are connected electrically and insulated from the running track. A flat ski under the locomotive that is always contact with at least one stud acts as the collector. Because the collector acts on a small area, the stud, the collector cleans the stud. This ensures the system has good electrical contact. This means the system works well even on track covered in oil, sand and the general detritus of a garden railway.

Manufacturers

While the system was generally confined to the larger gauges (O gauge and above) the Märklin company has for many years used a version of the system (known as the Märklin system) for their HO gauge range. Peco Products make studding for their 00/H0 track range. Part nos SL-17 for track and SL-18 for turnouts.

Modern use

Modern use of the system is largely restricted to garden railways where it has the advantage of being compatible with unmodified live steam locomotives. While it is possible to insulate model live steam locomotives so that they can operate on two rail electrified track, it is difficult and trouble prone especially where the model is likely to come into contact with water.

References

• Stud Contact Electrification by Ernest F Carter. Percival Marshall published 1949