State Council of the People's Republic of China
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中华人民共和国国务院 Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó Guówùyuàn | |
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| Agency overview | |
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| Formed | 27 September 1954 |
| Preceding agency | |
| Type |
Executive branch of the central government Executive body of the National People's Congress[1] Highest organ of State administration[1] |
| Jurisdiction | Government of the People's Republic of China |
| Headquarters | State Council Hall, Zhongnanhai, Beijing |
| Motto | "Serve the People" |
| Agency executives | |
| Child agencies | |
| Website | English.gov.cn |
| State Council of the People's Republic of China | |||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 中华人民共和国国务院 | ||||||
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| Traditional Chinese | 中華人民共和國國務院 | ||||||
| Literal meaning | Chinese People('s) Republic State Affair(s) Court | ||||||
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| State Council (commonly used abbreviation) | |||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 国务院 | ||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 國務院 | ||||||
| Literal meaning | State Affair(s) Court | ||||||
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| Central People's Government (Constitutional synonym[1]) | |||||||
| Chinese | 中央人民政府 | ||||||
| Literal meaning | Central People('s) Government | ||||||
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The State Council, constitutionally[1] synonymous with the Central People's Government since 1954 (particularly in relation to local governments), is the chief administrative authority of the People's Republic of China.[2] It is chaired by the premier and includes the heads of each of the cabinet-level executive departments.[3] Currently, the council has 35 members: the premier, one executive vice premier, three other vice premiers, five state councilors (of whom two are also ministers), and 25 additional ministers and chairs of major agencies.[4] In the politics of the People's Republic of China, the Central People's Government forms one of three interlocking branches of power, the others being the Communist Party of China and the People's Liberation Army. The State Council directly oversees the various subordinate People's Governments in the provinces, and in practice maintains membership with the top levels of the Communist Party of China.
Organization
The State Council meets every six months. Between meetings it is guided by a Standing Committee that meets weekly. The standing committee includes the premier, one executive vice premier, three vice premiers, and five other state councilors (normally one of whom serves as Secretary-General of the State Council, and two of whom concurrently serve as ministers).
The vice-premiers and state councilors are nominated by the premier, and appointed by the president with National People's Congress' (NPC) approval. Incumbents may serve two successive five-year terms.
Each vice premier oversees certain areas of administration. Each State Councilor performs duties as designated by the Premier. The secretary-general heads the General Office which handles the day-to-day work of the State Council. The secretary-general has relatively little power and should not be confused with the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China.
Each ministry supervises one sector. Commissions outrank ministries and set policies for and coordinate the related activities of different administrative organs. Offices deal with matters of ongoing concern. Bureaus and administrations rank below ministries.
In addition to the 25 ministries, there are 38 centrally administered government organizations that report directly to the state council. The heads of these organizations attend full meetings of the state committee on an irregular basis.
The State Council is formally responsible to the NPC and its Standing Committee in conducting a wide range of government functions both at the national and at the local levels, and nominally acts by virtue of the NPC's authority. There has been at least one case where the NPC has outright rejected an initiative of the State Council and a few cases where the State Council has withdrawn or greatly modified a proposal in response to NPC opposition.
The State Council and the Communist Party of China are also tightly interlocked. With rare exceptions, State Councilors are high-ranking members of the CPC. Although, as Party members, they are supposed to follow Party instructions, because they tend to be senior members of the Party they also have substantial influence over what those instructions are. This results in a system which is unlike the Soviet practice in which the Party effectively controlled the State. Rather, the Party and State are fused at this level of government. The members of the State Council derive their authority from being members of the state, while as members of the Party they coordinate their activities and determine key decisions such as the naming of personnel.
There were attempts to separate the party and state in the late 1980s under Zhao Ziyang and have the Party in charge of formulating policy and the State Council executing policy, but these efforts were largely abandoned in the early 1990s.
As the chief administrative organ of government, its main functions are to formulate administrative measures, issue decisions and orders, and monitor their implementation; draft legislative bills for submission to the NPC or its Standing Committee; and prepare the economic plan and the state budget for deliberation and approval by the NPC. The State Council is the functional center of state power and clearinghouse for government initiatives at all levels. With the government's emphasis on economic modernization, the State Council clearly acquired additional importance and influence.
The State Council controls the Ministry for National Defense but does not control the People's Liberation Army, which is instead controlled by the Central Military Commission.
Principal officers
| # | Portrait Name |
Birth year |
Government posts | Duties | Party | Party positions | Functional roles | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | .jpg) Li Keqiang 李克强 |
1955 | Premier of the State Council | Overall work of the State Council | CPC | Member, 19th Politburo Standing Committee Secretary, Leading Party Members' Group of the State Council |
Deputy Chairman, Central National Security Commission Director, Central Institutional Organization Commission Director, National Defense Mobilization Commission Director, National Energy Commission | |
| 2 | .jpg) Han Zheng 韩正 |
1954 | Vice Premier of the State Council (first-ranked) | Develop & reform, institutional reform, etc. | CPC | Member, 19th Politburo Standing Committee Deputy Secretary, Leading Party Members' Group of the State Council |
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| 3 | _(cropped).jpg) Sun Chunlan 孙春兰 (female) |
1950 | Vice Premier of the State Council | Education, health, sport, etc. | CPC | Member, 19th Politburo Member, Leading Party Members' Group of the State Council |
国家科技教育领导小组副组长 国务院深化医药卫生体制改革领导小组组长 国务院防治艾滋病工作委员会主任 国务院学位委员会主任 国务院妇女儿童工作委员会主任 中国足球改革领导小组组长 | |
| 4 |  Hu Chunhua 胡春华 |
1963 | Vice Premier of the State Council | Agricultural and rural affairs, anti-proverty, water resources, foreign trade | CPC | Member, 19th Politburo Member, Leading Party Members' Group of the State Council |
国家防汛抗旱总指挥部总指挥 国务院抗震救灾指挥部指挥长 国务院扶贫开发领导小组组长 | |
| 5 | Liu He 刘鹤 |
1952 | Vice Premier of the State Council | Finance, science and technology, industry and transport | CPC | Member, 19th Politburo Member, Leading Party Members' Group of the State Council |
Director of the Central Financial and Economic Affairs Commission Office | |
| 6 |  General Wei Fenghe 魏凤和 |
1954 | State Councilor and Minister of National Defense Member of the PRC Central Military Commission |
National defense mobilization, etc. | CPC | Member, 19th Central Committee Member, Leading Party Members' Group of the State Council Member, CPC Central Military Commission |
Member, Central Foreign Affairs Commission Director, 国家边海防委员会 | |
| 7 | Wang Yong 王勇 |
1955 | State Councilor | Emergency management, etc. | CPC | Member, 19th Central Committee Member, Leading Party Members' Group of the State Council |
中央财经领导小组成员 国务院安全生产委员会副主任 国家减灾委员会主任 国务院残疾人工作委员会主任 全国老龄工作委员会主任 | |
| 8 | _(cropped).jpg) Wang Yi 王毅 |
1953 | State Councilor and Minister of Foreign Affairs | Foreign affairs | CPC | Member, 19th Central Committee Member, Leading Party Members' Group of the State Council |
Member, Central Foreign Affairs Commission | |
| 9 | .jpg) Xiao Jie 肖捷 |
1957 | State Councillor and Secretary-General of the State Council | In charge of the State Council General Office | CPC | Member, 19th Central Committee Member, Leading Party Members' Group of the State Council Secretary, Leading Party Members' Group Under the State Council |
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| 10 | .jpg) Police Commissioner-General Zhao Kezhi 赵克志 |
1953 | State Councillor and Minister of Public Security | Public security, etc. | CPC | Member, 19th Central Committee Member, Leading Party Members' Group of the State Council |
Member, Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission Member, Central National Security Commission 国家禁毒委员会主任 国家反恐怖工作领导小组组长 国务院安全生产委员会副主任 | |
Organizational structure
General Office of the State Council
Cabinet-level Departments Constituting the State Council
Special Organization directly under the State Council
- State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (SASAC) (国务院国有资产监督管理委员会), established in 2003
Organizations directly under the State Council
- General Administration of Customs of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国海关总署)
- State Administration of Taxation (国家税务总局)
- State Administration for Market Regulation (国家市场监督管理总局)
- National Radio and Television Administration (国家广播电影总局)
- General Administration of Sport (国家体育总局)
- National Bureau of Statistics (国家统计局)
- China International Development Cooperation Agency (国家国际发展合作署)
- National Healthcare Security Administration (国家医疗保障局)
- Counselor's Office of the State Council (国务院参事室)
- National Government Offices Administration (国家机关事务管理局), formerly the "Government Offices Administration of the State Council" (国务院机关事务管理局)
- National Press and Publication Administration (国家新闻出版署), additional name "National Copyright Administration" (国家版权局), a name reserved by the Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China
- National Religious Affairs Administration (国家宗教事务局), a name reserved by the United Front Work Department of the Communist Party of China
Administrative Offices under the State Council
- Hong Kong and Macau Affairs Office of the State Council (国务院港澳事务办公室)
- State Council Research Office (国务院研究室)
- Overseas Chinese Affairs Office of the State Council (国务院侨务办公室), a name reserved by the United Front Work Department of the Communist Party of China
- Taiwan Affairs Office of the State Council (国务院台湾事务办公室), under the CPC Central Committee
- Cyberspace Administration of China (国家互联网信息办公室), under the CPC Central Committee
- State Council Information Office (国务院新闻办公室), a name reserved by the Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China
Institutions directly under the State Council
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State Administrations and Bureaus administrated by ministry-level agencies
- National Public Complaints and Proposals Administration (国家信访局), administrated by the State Council General Office
- National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration (国家粮食和物资储备局), administrated by the National Development and Reform Commission
- National Energy Administration (国家能源局), administrated by the National Development and Reform Commission
- State Administration of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defence (国家国防科技工业局), administrated by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology
- State Tobacco Monopoly Administration (国家烟草专卖局) (officially sharing its office with China National Tobacco Corporation), administrated by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology
- National Immigration Administration (国家移民管理局), administrated by the Ministry of Public Security
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration (国家林业和草原局), administrated by the Ministry of Natural Resources
- National Railway Administration (国家铁路局), administrated by the Ministry of Transport
- Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC) (中国民用航空局), administrated by the Ministry of Transport
- State Post Bureau (国家邮政局), administrated by the Ministry of Transport, officially sharing its office with China Post Group Corporation
- National Cultural Heritage Administration (国家文物局), administrated by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism
- National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (国家中医药管理局), administrated by the National Health Commission
- National Coal Mine Safety Administration (国家煤矿安全监察局), administrated by the Ministry of Emergency Management
- State Administration of Foreign Exchange (国家外汇管理局), administrated by the People's Bank of China
- National Medical Products Administration (国家药品监督管理局), formerly China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA) (国家食品药品监督管理总局), now administrated by the State Administration of Market Regulation
- National Intellectual Property Administration (国家知识产权局), administrated by the State Administration for Market Regulation
- National Civil Service Administration (国家公务员局), a name reserved by the Organization Department of the Communist Party of China
- National Archives Administration (国家档案局), i.e. the Central Archives (中央档案馆) (of the CPC), under the General Office of the CPC Central Committee
- National Administration of State Secrets Protection (国家保密局), i.e. the Office of the Central Secrecy Commission (中央保密委员会办公室) (of the CPC), under the General Office of the CPC Central Committee
- National Cryptography Administration (国家密码管理局), i.e. the Office of the Central Leading Group for Cryptography Work (中央密码工作领导小组办公室) (of the CPC), under the General Office of the CPC Central Committee
- State Language Commission (国家语言文字工作委员会), a name reserved by the Ministry of Education
- State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs (国家外国专家局), a name reserved by the Ministry of Science and Technology
- China National Space Administration (国家航天局), a name reserved by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology
- China Atomic Energy Authority (国家原子能机构), a name reserved by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology
- State Oceanic Administration (国家海洋局), a name reserved by the Ministry of Natural Resources
- National Nuclear Safety Administration (国家核安全局), a name reserved by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment
- Certification and Accreditation Administration (国家认证认可监督管理委员会), a name reserved by the State Administration of Market Regulation
- Standardization Administration (国家标准化管理委员会), a name reserved by the State Administration of Market Regulation
See also
- Department of State Affairs in the Three Departments and Six Ministries system
- Ming dynasty: Central Secretariat → Grand Secretariat
- Qing dynasty: Grand Secretariat → Grand Council → Cabinet
- Republic of China: State Council (1912–28) → Executive Yuan (1928–present)
- People's Republic of China: Government Administration Council of the Central People's Government (1949–54); Ministries of the PRC
References
- 1 2 3 4 Article 85 of the Constitution of the People's Republic of China
- ↑ "The State Council". English.peopledaily.com.cn. Retrieved 2018-01-18.
- ↑ "The State Council". Gov.cn. Retrieved 2018-01-18.
- ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-10-24. Retrieved 2011-12-04.
External links
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13th State Council of the People's Republic of China (2018–2023) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Ministers |
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| Central Bank Governor | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Auditor-General | Hu Zejun ♀ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Politics of province-level divisions (current leaders) |
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