List of government space agencies

This is a list of government agencies engaged in activities related to outer space and space exploration. (There is also a List of private spaceflight companies.)

As of 2018, 72 different government space agencies are in existence; 14 of those have launch capability. Six government space agencies—the China National Space Administration (CNSA), the European Space Agency (ESA), the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and the Russian Federal Space Agency (RFSA or Roscosmos)—have full launch capabilities; these include the ability to launch and recover multiple satellites, deploy cryogenic rocket engines and operate extraterrestrial probes.

The name given is the English version, with the native language version below. The acronym given is the most common acronym: this can either be the acronym of the English version (e.g. JAXA), or the acronym in the native language. Where there are multiple acronyms in common use, the English one is given first.

The date of the founding of the space agency is the date of first operations where applicable. If the space agency is no longer running, then the date when it was terminated (i.e. the last day of operations) is given. A link to the Agency's primary website is also given.

List of space agencies

The capabilities of the space agencies are color-coded as follows
  Human Lunar Exploration + Operates Space Station + Human Spaceflight + Operates Extraterrestrial Probes + Launch Capability + Operates Satellites
  Station + Human Spaceflight + Operates Extraterrestrial Probes + Launch Capability + Operates Satellites
  Human spaceflight + Operates Extraterrestrial Probes + Launch Capability + Operates Satellites
  Operates Extraterrestrial Probes + Launch Capability + Operates Satellites
  Launch Capability + Operates Satellites
  None Of The Above
Name Initialisms/Acronym Country Founded Terminated Capabilities of the space agency Ref(s)
Astronauts Operates Satellites Sounding Rockets capable Recoverable Biological Sounding Rockets capable
Air Force Space Command AFSPC  United States 15 September 1985YesYesYesNo [1][2][3]
Belarus Space Agency BSA  Belarus 2010NoNoYesNo [4]
Central American Association for Aeronautics and Space
(Spanish: Asociación Centroamericana de Aeronáutica y el Espacio)
ACAE  Costa Rica 2010NoYesNoNo [5]
Aeronautics and Space Research and Diffusion Center
(Spanish: Centro de Investigación y Difusión Aeronáutico-Espacial)
CIDA-E  Uruguay 5 August 1975NoNoNoNo
Mexican Space Agency
(Spanish: Agencia Espacial Mexicana)
AEM  Mexico 30 July 2010YesYesYesNo
Algerian Space Agency
French: Agence Spatiale Algérienne
Berber: Tafullut Tadzayrit n Tallunt
Arabic: الوكالة الفضائية الجزائرية
ASAL  Algeria 16 January 2002NoYesNoNo
Asia Pacific Multilateral Cooperation in Space Technology and Applications
(Chinese: 亚太空间技术应用多边合作会议)
AP-MCSTA
International
February 1992NoYesNoNo
Asia-Pacific Regional Space Agency Forum
(Japanese: アジア太平洋地域宇宙機関会議)
APRSAF 1993NoYesNoNo
Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization
Chinese: 亚太空间合作组织
APSCO 28 October 2005NoYesNoNo
German: Agentur für Luft- und Raumfahrt
(Aeronautics and Space Agency);
also Austrian Space Agency;
(Austrian Solar and Space Agency 1977–1987)
ALR  Austria 12 July 1972NoNoNoNo [6][7]
Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Milli Aerokosmik Agentliyinin
(Azerbaijan National Aerospace Agency) (Azerbaijan National Aerospace Agency 1974–2013 AzerCosmos[8])
AMAKA  Azerbaijan 21 February 1974NoYesNoNo
Bahrain’s National Space Science Agency
(NSSA)
NSSA  Bahrain 9 April 2014NoNoNoNo [9]
Dutch: Belgisch Instituut voor Ruimte-Aëronomie
French: Institut d’Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique
(Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy)
BIRA
IASB
BISA
 Belgium 25 November 1964YesNoNoNo [10]
Spanish: Agencia Bolivariana para Actividades Espaciales
(Bolivarian Agency for Space Activities)
ABAE  Venezuela 1 January 2008NoYesNoNo [11]
Portuguese: Agência Espacial Brasileira
(Brazilian Space Agency)
AEB  Brazil 10 February 1994YesYesYes[12]No [13]
UK Space Agency UKSA  United Kingdom 1 April 2010YesYesYesYes
Bolivian Space Agency Spanish: Agencia Boliviana Espacial
ABE  Bolivia 2012 NoYesNoNo [14][15][16]
Bulgarian: Българска академия на науките
(Space Research Institute, Solar-Terrestrial Influences Institute) Bulgarian Space Agency
ИКИ-БАН
SRI-BAS
ИСЗВ-БАН
STIL-BAS
 Bulgaria 1987YesYesNoNo [17]
Canadian Space Agency
French: Agence spatiale canadienne
CSA
ASC
 Canada 1 March 1989YesYesYesNo [18]
China National Space Administration
(Chinese: 国家航天局)
CNSA  China 22 April 1993YesYesYesYes [19]
Spanish: Comisión Colombiana del Espacio
(Colombian Space Commission)
CCE  Colombia 18 July 2006NoYesNoNo [20]
Centre for Remote Imaging, Sensing and Processing CRISP  Singapore 1995NoYesNoNo
Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems CCSDS
International
Italy Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI)
United Kingdom British National Space Centre (BNSC)
Canada Canadian Space Agency (CSA)
France Centre National d’Études Spatiales (CNES)
China China National Space Administration (CNSA)
Germany Deutsches Zentrum für Luft und Raumfahrt (DLR)
European Space Agency (ESA)
Brazil Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)
Japan Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)
United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Russia Russian Federal Space Agency (RFSA)
1982NoNoNoNo
Committee on Space Research COSPAR 1958NoNoNoNo [21][22][23]
Czech: Ministerstvo dopravy České republiky
(Ministry of Transport of the Czech Republic - Space Technologies and Satellite Systems Department[24])

Ministry of Transport of the Czech Republic
 Czech Republic 2003NoNoNoNo [24]
Danish: Danmarks Rumcenter
(Danish National Space Center)
DRC
DNSC
 Denmark 1 January
1968
31 December
2006
YesNoNoNo
Danish: Dansk Rumforskningsinstitut
(Danish Space Research Institute)
DRKI
DSRI
 Denmark 1 January
2005
31 December
2006
NoYesNoNo
European Space Agency
(French: Agence spatiale européenne)
(German: Europäische Weltraumorganisation)
ESA
ASE
EWO
31 May 1975YesYesYesYes [25][26]
Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency
(Thai: สำนักงานพัฒนาเทคโนโลยีอวกาศและภูมิสารสนเทศ)
GISTDA
สทอภ
 Thailand 3 November 2002NoYesNoNo [27]
German: Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt
(German Aerospace Center)
DLR  Germany 1969YesYesYesNo [28]
Hungarian: Magyar Űrkutatási Iroda
(Hungarian Space Office)
MŰI
HSO
 Hungary January 1992NoYesNoNo
Indian Space Research Organisation
(Hindi: भारतीय अंतरिक्ष अनुसंधान संगठन)
ISRO
इसरो
 India 15 August 1969YesYesYesYes [29]
Greek: Ινστιτούτο Διαστημικών Εφαρμογών και Τηλεπισκόπησης
(Institute for Space Applications and Remote Sensing)
ΙΔΕΤ
ISARS
 Greece 1955NoYesNoNo
Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial INTA  Spain 1942YesYesYesNo [30][31][32]
Iranian Space Agency
(Persian: سازمان فضایی ایران)
ISA  Iran 2003NoYesYesYes [33][34][35]
Israeli Space Agency
(Hebrew: סוכנות החלל הישראלית)
ISA
סל"ה
 Israel April 1983YesYesYesNo
Italian Space Agency
(Italian: Agenzia Spaziale Italiana)
ASI  Italy 1988YesYesYesNo [36][37]
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
(Japanese: 宇宙航空研究開発機構)
JAXA  Japan 1 October 2003YesYesYesYes [38][39]
National Space Agency (KazCosmos);
Kazakh Space Research Institute
NSA (KazCosmos);
SRI
 Kazakhstan 1991YesYesNoNo
New Zealand Space Agency
NZSA  New Zealand April 2016NoNoNoNo
Korean Committee of Space Technology
(Korean: 조선우주공간기술위원회)
KCST  North Korea 1980s2013NoYesYesNo [40][41][42]
National Aerospace Development Administration
(Korean: 국가우주개발국)
NADA  North Korea 2013NoYesYesNo [43]
Korea Aerospace Research Institute
(Korean: 한국항공우주연구원)
KARI  South Korea 10 October 1989YesYesYesNo
Lithuanian Space Association LSA  Lithuania 2007NoYesNoNo [44]
Malaysian National Space Agency
(Malay: Agensi Angkasa Negara)
ANGKASA  Malaysia 2002YesYesNoNo [45]
National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA  United States 1 October 1958YesYesYesYes [46]
National Authority for Remote Sensing and Space Sciences
(Arabic: الهيئة العامة للاستشعار عن بعد وعلوم الفضاء)
NARSS  Egypt 1994NoYesNoNo [47]
French: Centre National d’Études Spatiales
(National Center of Space Research)
CNES  France 19 December 1961YesYesYesNo [48]
Paraguayan Space Agency
(Spanish: Agencia Espacial del Paraguay)
AEP  Paraguay 26 March 2014NoNoNoNo
Spanish: Comisión Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Aeroespacial
(National Commission for Aerospace Research and Development)
CONIDA  Peru 11 June 1974NoYesYesNo [49]
Spanish: Comisión Nacional de Investigaciones Espaciales
(National Commission for Space Research)
CNIE  Argentina 19611991NoNoYesYes [50][51]
Spanish: Comisión Nacional de Actividades Espaciales
(National Space Activities Commission)
CONAE  Argentina 28 May 1991NoYesYesNo [50]
Indonesian: Lembaga Antariksa dan Penerbangan Nasional
(National Institute of Aeronautics and Space)
LAPAN  Indonesia 27 November 1964YesYesYesNo
National Remote Sensing Center of Mongolia NRSC  Mongolia 1987NoNoNoNo [52]
French: Centre national de la cartographie et de la télédétection
(Arabic: المركز الوطني للإستشعار عن بعد)
(National Remote Sensing Center of Tunisia)
CNT  Tunisia 1988NoNoNoNo
Uzbek State Space Research Agency (UzbekCosmos) USSRA (UzbekCosmos)  Uzbekistan 2001NoNoNoNo [53]
Ukrainian: Національне космічне агентство України
(National Space Agency of Ukraine)
НКАУ
NSAU
 Ukraine 2 March 1992YesYesYesNo
National Space Organization
(Chinese: 國家太空中心)
NSPO  Republic of China (Taiwan) 3 October 1991NoYesYesNo [54]
National Space Research and Development Agency NASRDA  Nigeria 1998NoYesNoNo
Dutch: Stichting Ruimteonderzoek Nederland
(Institute for Space Research Netherlands)
SRON  Netherlands 1983YesYesNoNo
Norwegian: Norsk Romsenter
(Norwegian Space Centre)
NRS
NSC
 Norway 1987NoYesYesNo [55]
Pakistan Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission
(Urdu: پاکستان خلائی و بالا فضائی تحقی‍قاتی کمیشن)
SUPARCO
سپارکو
 Pakistan 16 September 1961NoYesYesNo
Portuguese: Gabinete do Espaço da FCT
(FCT Space Office)
[56]
FCT SO
 Portugal 2009NoNoNoNo
Romanian: Agenţia Spaţială Română
(Romanian Space Agency)
ASR
ROSA
 Romania 1991YesYesNoNo
former Egypt Remote Sensing Center EASRT-RSC  Egypt 19711994NoNoNoNo [47]
French: Centre Royal de Télédétection Spatiale
Berber: Ammas Amrrukan n Tallunt
(Arabic: المركز الملكي للإستشعار البعدي الفضائي)
(Royal Center for Remote Sensing)
CRTS  Morocco December 1989NoYesNoNo
Russian: Федеральное космическое агентство
(Russian Federal Space Agency)
ROSCOSMOS  Russia c.1992YesYesYesYes
Sri Lanka Space Agency SLSA  Sri Lanka 2010 (Proposed)NoYesNoNo [57]
Turkish: TÜBİTAK Uzay Teknolojileri Araştırma Enstitüsü (TÜBİTAK UZAY)
(TUBITAK Space Technologies Research Institute)
TÜBİTAK UZAY  Turkey 1985YesYesNoNo
Russian: Советская космическая программа
(Soviet space program)
СССР  Soviet Union ca. 1955ca. 1991YesYesYesYes
Space Research and Remote Sensing Organization SPARRSO  Bangladesh 1980NoNoNoNo [58]
Polish: Polska Agencja Kosmiczna POLSA
(Polish Space Agency)
POLSA
POLSA
 Poland 2014YesYesNoNo
South African National Space Agency SANSA  South Africa 9 December 2010NoNoNoNo [59]
Space Research Institute of Saudi Arabia
(Arabic: معهد بحوث الفضاء)
KACST-SRI  Saudi Arabia NoYesNoNo
Vietnamese: Viện Công nghệ vũ trụ Việt Nam
(Space Technology Institute (Vietnam))
CNVT or STI
VAST-STI
 Vietnam 20 November 2006YesYesNoNo [60]
Swedish: Rymdstyrelsen
(Swedish National Space Agency)
SNSA  Sweden 1972YesYesYesNo
Swiss Space Office SSO   Switzerland 1998NoNoNoNo [61][62]
Turkmenistan National Space Agency  Turkmenistan 2011NoNoNoNo [63]
United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs UNOOSA  United Nations 13 December 1958 [64]
United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space UNCOPUOS 12 December 1959
United Arab Emirates Space Agency
(Arabic: وكالةالإمارات للفضاء)
UAESA  United Arab Emirates 2014NoYesNoNo [65]
Mohammed bin Rashid Space Centre
(Arabic: على مركز محمد بن راشد للفضاء)
MBRSC Dubai Dubai,  United Arab Emirates 6 February 2006 (as EIAST)
2015 (as MBRSC)
NoYesNoNo [66]

List of space agencies with launch capability

Space agency Country Founded Terminated Capabilities of the space agency Ref(s)
Name Acronym Launch capable Multiple Satellites Launch capable Developed and Deployed Cryogenic Rocket Engines Operates Extraterrestrial Probe Recoverable Satellites capable
Air Force Space Command AFSPC  United States 15 September 1985YesYesYesNoYes [67][68]
China National Space Administration
(Chinese: 中华人民共和国国家航天局)
CNSA  People's Republic of China 22 April 1993YesYesYesYesYes [19]
European Space Agency
(French: Agence spatiale européenne)
(German: Europäische Weltraumorganisation)
ESA
ASE
EWO
31 May 1975YesYesYesYesYes [25][26]
Iranian Space Agency
(Persian: سازمان فضایی ایران)
ISA
ISA
 Iran 2003YesNoNoNoNo
Israeli Space Agency
(Hebrew: סוכנות החלל הישראלית)
(Arabic: وكالة الفضاء الإسرائيلية)
ISA
סל"ה
 Israel April 1983YesNoNoNoNo
Italian Space Agency
(Italian: Agenzia Spaziale Italiana)
ASI  Italy 1988YesYesNoNoNo [69]
National Aerospace Development Administration
(Korean: 조선우주공간기술위원회)
KCST  North Korea 1980sYesNoNoNoNo
Korea Aerospace Research Institute
(Korean: 한국항공우주연구원)
KARI
항우연
 South Korea October 1989YesNoNoNoNo
Indian Space Research Organisation
(Hindi: भारतीय अंतरिक्ष अनुसंधान संगठन)
ISRO
इसरो
 India 15 August 1969YesYesYesYesYes [70]
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
(Japanese: 宇宙航空研究開発機構)
JAXA  Japan 1 October 2003YesYesYesYesYes [38]
National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA  United States 1 October 1958YesYesYesYesYes [46]
French: Centre National d’Études Spatiales
(National Center of Space Research)
CNES  France 19 December 1961YesYesYesNoNo [48]
Ukrainian: Національне космічне агентство України
(National Space Agency of Ukraine)
НКАУ
NSAU
 Ukraine 2 March 1992YesYesNoNoNo
Russian: Федеральное космическое агентство
(Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos))
ROSCOSMOS
RFSA
 Russia ca. 1992YesYesYesYesYes
Russian: Советская космическая программа
(Soviet space program)
СССР  Soviet Union ca. 1955ca. 1991YesYesYesYesYes

List of space agencies with human spaceflight capability

Space agency Country Founded Terminated Accomplished tasks by the space agency Ref(s)
Name Acronym Human Spaceflight capable Human Space launch capable Spacewalk capable Space Rendezvous and Docking capable Operates Space Station
China National Space Administration
(Chinese: 中华人民共和国国家航天局)
CNSA  People's Republic of China April 22, 1993YesYesYesYesYes [19][71]
Russian: Федеральное космическое агентство
(Russian Federal Space Agency)
ROSCOSMOS
RFSA
 Russia December 26, 1991 Dissolution of Soviet UnionYesYesYesYesYes [72]
National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA  United States October 1, 1958July 8, 2011 lastJuly 8, 2011 lastYesJuly 19, 2011 lastYes [46]


Russian: Советская космическая программа
(Soviet space program)
СССР  Soviet Union July 22, 1951December 26, 1991 Dissolution of Soviet UnionOctober 2, 1991 lastOctober 2, 1991 lastJuly 27, 1991 lastDecember 26, 1991 lastDecember 26, 1991 last [72]

List of space agencies with lunar soft-landing capability

Space agency Country Founded Terminated Accomplished tasks by the space agency Ref(s)
Name Acronym Circumlunar Manned Spaceflight Unmanned Moon Soft Landing Unmanned (automated) lunar rover operation Automated Lunar sample return mission Manned Moon Landing and sample return
China National Space Administration
(Chinese: 中华人民共和国国家航天局)
CNSA  People's Republic of China 22 April 1993NoYesYesNoNo
National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA  United States 1 October 1958YesYesNo[73]No[74]Yes [46]
Russian: Советская космическая программа
(Soviet space program)
СССР  Soviet Union ca. 1955ca. 1991NoYesYes[75]Yes[76][77]No [78]

Expected and proposed future space agencies

Space agency Country Possible expected date of foundation Current status Ref(s)
Name Acronym
Australian Space Agency ASA  Australia 1st July 2018 Goal to initially focus on satellites to reduce dependency on overseas agencies. [79][80]
Philippine Space Agency PSA  Philippines At proposal stage [81]
Sri Lanka Aeronautics and Space Agency SLASA  Sri Lanka Immediate goal is to construct and launch two satellites. Sri Lankan Telecommunications Regulatory Commission has signed an agreement with Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd to get relevant help and resources. [82][83]
African Space Agency AfriSpace African Union Proposed in 2015 [84][85][86][87]
Pan-Arab Space Agency
PASA Arab League Arab League Stalled. Proposed in 2009, at progress stage. [88]
South American Space Agency South America South America Proposed in 2011, at progress stage [89]

Budgets

The annual budgets listed are the official budgets for national space agencies available in public domain. The budgets are not normalized to the expenses of space research in different countries, i.e. higher budget does not necessarily mean more activity or better performance in space exploration.[90][91] Note also that budget could be used for different projects: e.g. GPS is maintained from the US defence budget, whereas ESA's money is used for developing the European Galileo positioning system. The data for authoritarian countries are unreliable. For European contributors to ESA, the national budgets shown include also their contributions to ESA.

Budgets of different space agencies.
Agency (country/region) Budget (in millions of US $)
NASA (USA)
19,500
ESA (Europe)
6,271
Roscosmos (Russia)
3,272
CNES (France)
2,600
DLR (Germany)
2,500
JAXA (Japan)
2,030
ASI (Italy)
1,800
CNSA (China)
1,780
ISRO (India)
1,400
UKSA (UK)
529
CSA (Canada)
488.7
KARI (South Korea)
366
ASA (Algeria)
360
AEB (Brazil)
259
SSAU (Ukraine)
250
CONAE (Argentina)
180
ISA and ISRC (Iran)
139
INTA (Spain)
135
NSO (Netherlands)
110
SNSA (Sweden)
100
SUPARCO (Pakistan)
82
SANSA (South Africa)
11.8
SSO (Switzerland)
10
AEM (Mexico)
8.34
Country/
region
Agency Budget
(in millions of US $)
Reference Year
 United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration 19,500 [92][93] 2017
European Space Agency 6,271 [94] 2017
 Russia Russian Federal Space Agency 3,272 [95] 2015
 France French Space Agency 2,600 [96] 2017
 Germany German Aerospace Center 2,500 [97] 2015
 Japan Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 2,030 [98] 2013
 Italy Italian Space Agency 1,800 [99] 2014
 China China National Space Administration 1,300 [100]
500 (official)
 India Indian Space Research Organisation 1,700 [101][102] 2018-19
 United Kingdom UK Space Agency 529 [103]
 Canada Canadian Space Agency 488.7 [104]
 South Korea Korea Aerospace Research Institute 366 [105] FY 2007
 Algeria Algerian Space Agency 360 2017
 Brazil Brazilian Space Agency 299 [106] 2015
 Ukraine State Space Agency of Ukraine 250 [107]
 Argentina Comisión Nacional de Actividades Espaciales 180 [108] 2016
 Iran Iranian Space Agency and Iranian Space Research Center 139 [109] 2014-15
 Spain Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial 135 [110] 2009
 Netherlands Netherlands Space Office 110 [111]
 Sweden Swedish National Space Agency 100 [112] 2011
 Pakistan Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission 75.1 [113] 2010-11
 South Africa South African National Space Agency 11.8 [114] 2014-15
  Switzerland Swiss Space Office 10 [115]
 Mexico Mexican Space Agency 8.34 [116]
  World All space agencies (Total of listed budgets) About 43,400

See also

References

  1. http://www.afspc.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/1372806/afspc-unveils-tribute-to-astronaut-airmen/
  2. https://www.popularmechanics.com/military/a28851/us-air-force-gears-up-for-expanded-role-in-space/
  3. http://spacenews.com/u-s-air-force-looks-to-bridge-sounding-rocket-contract-vehicles/
  4. "Belarusian satellite takes pictures of Bahrain, Mozambique - Society / News / Belarus News | Belarusian news | Belarus today | news in Belarus | Minsk news | BELTA - Belarus News | Belarusian news | Belarus today | news in Belarus | Minsk news | BELTA". News.belta.by. Archived from the original on 24 October 2013. Retrieved 2013-10-21.
  5. "Central American Association for Aeronautics and Space – ACAE". Retrieved 18 Feb 2014.
  6. Besser, Bruno (January 2004). "Austria's History in Space" (PDF). pp. 25–28. Retrieved 24 June 2009.
  7. "ESA – Human Spaceflight and Exploration – Other space agencies". 3 January 2007. Retrieved 9 March 2008.
  8. "Azercosmos official site". Retrieved 2015-12-11.
  9. "Bahrain: Launch of National Space Science Agency". Retrieved 2015-12-11.
  10. "Aeronomy.be – Contact – Who are we?". Archived from the original on 25 February 2006. Retrieved 7 March 2008.
  11. Magan, Veronica (2013-08-23). "Venezuela: Latin America's Next Space Pioneer?". Satellite Today. Retrieved 2015-12-11.
  12. Brazil's Atlantic Spaceports SpaceToday. Retrieved 1 March 2011.
  13. "Presidency of Brazil: Law 8.854 of 02/10/1994 – "That creates the Brazilian Space Agency, and other measures"". Retrieved 6 April 2008.
  14. Lin, Zhi. "Bolivia creates space agency for Chinese satellite". Xinhua. Archived from the original on 8 April 2010. Retrieved 4 November 2008.
  15. Carroll, Rory (12 February 2010). "Bolivia to launch satellite into space". The Guardian.
  16. "China to launch Bolivian satellite in 2013: Chinese Ambassador". Space-travel.com. Retrieved 2013-10-21.
  17. Space research in Bulgaria is coordinated by the Inter-Department Commission for Space Research (Bulgarian: Междуведомствена комисия по космически изследвания) which is composed of the deputy ministers of several ministries and representatives of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
  18. "Canadian Space Milestones". Retrieved 1 April 2009.
  19. 1 2 3 "China National Space Administration – Organization and Function". Archived from the original on 28 February 2008. Retrieved 9 March 2008.
  20. "Colombian Space Commission – CCE". Retrieved 1 April 2009.
  21. Committee headquartered in France, within the International Council for Science (ICSU).
  22. "COSPAR National Committee Members". Retrieved 1 April 2009.
  23. "International Scientific Union Members and their Representatives to COSPAR". Retrieved 1 April 2009.
  24. 1 2 "About Space Technologies and Satellite Systems Department - Ministry of transport of The Czech Republic". Retrieved 1 December 2012.
  25. 1 2 "ESA – About ESA – What is ESA?". ESA. Retrieved 1 March 2008.
  26. 1 2 "ESA – About ESA – History of the European Space Agency". ESA. Retrieved 1 March 2008.
  27. "Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency - About Us". Archived from the original on 18 October 2011. Retrieved 16 October 2011.
  28. "Das DLR im Überblick".
  29. "About ISRO". Archived from the original on 1999-10-13.
  30. El astronauta español de la ESA vuelve al espacio (in Spanish)
  31. Programas de Alta Tecnología de Nanosatélites Archived 1 December 2009 at the Wayback Machine., Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial
  32. Sounding Rocket Station El Arenosillo
  33. Iran Test-fires Rocket Carrying Experimental Biological Capsule
  34. "Iran tests sounding rocket, unveils first homemade satellite | World | RIA Novosti". En.rian.ru. 28 October 2005. Retrieved 13 June 2011.
  35. "Iran launches homegrown satellite". BBC News. 3 February 2009.
  36. ASI official site "ASI MISSIONS AND PROJECTS-ACTIVITY". Retrieved 21 June 2014.
  37. ASI official site "ASI MISSIONS AND PROJECTS-CASSINI". Retrieved 22 June 2014.
  38. 1 2 "JAXA HISTORY". Retrieved 5 December 2006.
  39. "ライフサイエンス研究" (in Japanese). JAXA. Retrieved 2018-02-21.
  40. "朝鲜宣布发展太空计划抗衡"西方强权"". 民族网. 8 February 2009. Retrieved 26 February 2009.
  41. "Despite Clinton, Korea has rights". Workers.org. 25 February 2009. Retrieved 13 June 2011.
  42. N. Korea's launch causes worries about nukes, Iran and the Pacific
  43. "National Aerospace Development Administration of DPRK". Korean Central News Agency. 31 March 2014. Archived from the original on 6 April 2014. Retrieved 2 April 2014.
  44. "Association | Lithuanian Space Association". Space-lt.eu. Retrieved 2013-10-21.
  45. "Malaysian National Space Agency, Official Website – Background". Archived from the original on 7 March 2008. Retrieved 7 March 2008.
  46. 1 2 3 4 "NASA History in Brief". NASA. Retrieved 9 March 2008.
  47. 1 2 "NARSS official site". Retrieved 1 April 2009.
  48. 1 2 "About CNES". Retrieved 1 April 2009.
  49. "PeruSat-1". directory.eoportal.org. eoPortal. Retrieved 1 June 2017.
  50. 1 2 "Comisión Nacional de Actividades Espaciales – Background". CONAE. Archived from the original on 21 May 2008. Retrieved 1 March 2008.
  51. "IIAE Orion". Archived from the original on 5 September 2009. Retrieved 20 June 2009.
  52. "Remote Sensing activities in Mongolia". Retrieved 1 April 2009.
  53. "Uzbekistan planning to launch two satellites with Russian help". Red Orbit. 2004-06-08. Archived from the original on 2012-02-10. Retrieved 2015-12-11.
  54. Previously named National Space Program Organisation, until 1 April 2005 – "About NSPO/Heritage". Archived from the original on 2007-08-10. Retrieved 2009-04-01.
  55. "Norwegian Space Centre annual report" (PDF). 2007. p. 16. Retrieved 1 April 2009.
  56. "FCT – Space Office". Alfa.fct.mctes.pt. Retrieved 13 June 2011.
  57. "Sri Lanka Space Agency to be established, first satellite to be named after Sir Arthur C Clarke". Retrieved 17 December 2009.
  58. "SPARRSO". Archived from the original on 11 March 2008. Retrieved 7 March 2008.
  59. "Home". SANSA. 2013-10-14. Retrieved 2013-10-21.
  60. "Space Technology Institute – Introduction". Retrieved 1 April 2009.
  61. ""SSO - Swiss Space Office"". Archived from the original on 2005-02-02.
  62. ""Organisation Chart of the SERI"".
  63. "Head of Space Agency under Turkmen President appointed - Trend.Az". En.trend.az. 2012-07-09. Retrieved 2013-10-21.
  64. "United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA)". Retrieved 7 March 2008.
  65. "About the Agency – UAE Space Agency". Retrieved 23 July 2016.
  66. "About Us - Mohammed Bin Rashid Space Centre". Retrieved 23 July 2016.
  67. https://www.popularmechanics.com/military/a28851/us-air-force-gears-up-for-expanded-role-in-space/
  68. http://spacenews.com/u-s-air-force-looks-to-bridge-sounding-rocket-contract-vehicles/
  69. ASI official missions history "ASI MISSIONS HISTORY". Archived from the original on 15 October 2013.
  70. "About ISRO". Retrieved 1 April 2009.
  71. "Shenzhou". Archived from the original on 16 October 2013.
  72. 1 2 "Russian Space Web". Archived from the original on 5 July 2006.
  73. Boeing LRV Systems Engineering, Lunar Rover Operations Handbook, Doc. LS006-002-2H, Huntsville, Alabama, 19 April 1971.
  74. "NASA - Soviet Union Lunar Sample Return Missions". Nasa.gov. Retrieved 2013-10-21.
  75. Burrows William E. (1999). This New Ocean: The Story of the First Space Age. Modern Library. ISBN 0-375-75485-7.
  76. Soviet landers Luna 20, 23, and 24, plus the tracks of Lunokhod 2 Retrieved 12 August 2010
  77. Christy R. "Zarya: Soviet, Russian and International Space Flight." Scarborough, UK. Retrieved on 22 January 2012.
  78. Burrows William E.This New Ocean: The Story of the First Space Age.1999.Modern Library. 432pp. ISBN 0-375-75485-7.
  79. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/australia-space-agency-nasa-earth-roscosmos-malcolm-turnbull-economy-a7966751.html
  80. http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/australianz/australia-sets-up-space-agency-with-eye-on-satellite-tech
  81. "Is PH ready for liftoff?". Rappler.com. 2013-02-28. Retrieved 2013-10-21.
  82. "SSTL Contracted to Establish Sri Lanka Space Agency". Retrieved 28 November 2009.
  83. "SSTL contracted to establish Sri Lanka Space Agency". Retrieved 28 November 2009.
  84. Smith, David (5 September 2010). "Africa prepares to join the big boys in the space race". The Guardian.
  85. Smith, David (6 September 2012). "Sudanese president calls for African space agency". The Guardian.
  86. Sep 11, 2012 (2012-09-11). "Africa eyes joint space agency". Phys.org. Retrieved 2013-10-21.
  87. Ezigbo, Onyebuchi; Okpara, Lois (2010-08-09). "AU to Establish African Space Agency". All Africa. Retrieved 2015-12-11.
  88. "Space for Arab Countries – News". GIM International. 16 April 2009. Retrieved 13 June 2011.
  89. "Argentina, with Brazilian support proposes a South American Space agency". MercoPress. September 1, 2011. Retrieved April 2, 2014.
  90. "Global Space Revenues and Budgets". The Space Report. 2009. Archived from the original on 2009-11-28. Retrieved 2015-12-11.
  91. "The Space Report 2011 | Resources". Thespacereport.org. Archived from the original on 12 July 2011. Retrieved 13 June 2011.
  92. NASA FY 2017 BUDGET REQUEST nasa.gov
  93. Dreier, Casey (December 18, 2015). "[Updated] An Extraordinary Budget for NASA in 2016 - Congressional omnibus increases the space agency's budget by $1.3 billion". The Planetary Society. Retrieved February 4, 2016.
  94. "ESA Budget for 2017". esa.int. 14 February 2017.
  95. Ключ на рестарт // Бюджет на 2015 год. Kommersant.ru. Retrieved on 2015-12-22.
  96. "Le 2ème budget au monde". CNES. 2017-01-06. Retrieved 2017-09-25.
  97. "Das DLR im Überblick". DLR Portal. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
  98. "決 算 報 告 書" (PDF). JAXA. Retrieved 26 August 2014.
  99. "Strategic Vision" (PDF). ASI. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-01-26. Retrieved 2015-12-11.
  100. "Asia Times Online :: China News, China Business News, Taiwan and Hong Kong News and Business". Atimes.com. 9 January 2009. Retrieved 13 June 2011.
  101. https://arstechnica.com/science/2017/02/as-us-russia-eye-stagnant-space-budgets-india-ramps-up-investment/
  102. "India Budget Department of Space 2017-18" (PDF).
  103. "UK Space Agency | BIS". Ukspaceagency.bis.gov.uk. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 July 2010. Retrieved 13 June 2011.
  104. "THE CANADIAN SPACE AGENCY 2013–14 Estimates REPORT ON PLANS AND PRIORITIES" (PDF). Asc-csa.gc.ca. 2013.
  105. "The Vision and Strategy of the Korean Aerospace Industry". Defense-aerospace.com. Retrieved 13 June 2011.
  106. "Planejamento Federal" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 September 2014. Retrieved 17 May 2015.
  107. ":: Національний інститут стратегічних досліджень". Niss.gov.ua. Retrieved 13 June 2011.
  108. "Entidad 106" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 11 December 2015.
  109. Budget Bill of 1393 (لايحه بودجه سال 1393 كل كشور). Secretariat of Planning and Supervision, Office of President. December 2013.
  110. "Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial". Inta.es. Archived from the original on 20 July 2011. Retrieved 13 June 2011.
  111. "Programmes and Participations". Spaceoffice.nl. Retrieved 2013-10-21.
  112. "European Commission: CORDIS : ERAWATCH". Cordis.europa.eu. Retrieved 2013-10-21.
  113. "135% increase in funds for space program likely". Daily Times. 2009-06-04. Archived from the original on 15 August 2011. Retrieved 2015-12-11.
  114. "Address by the Minister of Science and Technology, Naledi Pandor MP, on the occasion of the Science and Technology budget vote". Department of Science and Technology. 2014-07-22. Retrieved 2015-12-11.
  115. "Swiss Physical Society - Switzerland and Space Sciences: an over 40 years old success story". Sps.ch. Retrieved 2013-10-21.
  116. "Agencia Espacial Mexicana". AEM. 2010-03-16. Retrieved 2013-10-21.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.