Sky and Water I |
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Artist |
M. C. Escher |
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Year |
1938 |
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Type |
woodcut |
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Dimensions |
43.5 cm × 43.9 cm (17.1 in × 17.3 in) |
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Sky and Water I is a woodcut print by the Dutch artist M. C. Escher first printed in June 1938.
The basis of this print is a regular division of the plane consisting of birds and fish. Both prints have the horizontal series of these elements—fitting into each other like the pieces of a jigsaw puzzle—in the middle, transitional portion of the prints. In this central layer the pictorial elements are equal: birds and fish are alternately foreground or background, depending on whether the eye concentrates on light or dark elements. The birds take on an increasing three-dimensionality in the upward direction, and the fish, in the downward direction. But as the fish progress upward and the birds downward they gradually lose their shapes to become a uniform background of sky and water, respectively.
According to Escher: "In the horizontal center strip there are birds and fish equivalent to each other. We associate flying with sky, and so for each of the black birds the sky in which it is flying is formed by the four white fish which encircle it. Similarly swimming makes us think of water, and therefore the four black birds that surround a fish become the water in which it swims."
This print has been used in physics, geology, chemistry, and in psychology for the study of visual perception. In the pictures a number of visual elements unite into a simple visual representation, but separately each forms a point of departure for the elucidation of a theory in one of these disciplines.
M.C Escher, Sky and Water I best exemplify figure ground-reversal.
Sources
- M. C. Escher—The Graphic Work; Benedikt-Taschen Publishers.
- M. C. Escher—29 Master Prints; Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers.
- Locher, J. L. (2000). The Magic of M. C. Escher. Harry N. Abrams, Inc.
ISBN 0-8109-6720-0.
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Works | 1910s |
- Escher's Father
- Bookplate Bastiaan Kist
- Chrysanthemum
- Head of a child
- Skull
- Railway Bridge, Oosterbeek
- Mascot
- Portrait of a Man (I)
- Self-Portrait (I)
- Baby
- Young Thrush
- Bookplate M. C. Escher
- Self-Portrait (II)
- Jug
- The Rag Pickers
- Fiet van Stolk
- Waves
- Self-Portrait (III)
- White Cat (I)
- The Borger Oak
- Portrait
- Seated Man with cat on his lap
- Tree
- Self-Portrait (IV)
- Parrot
- White Cat (II)
- Sea-shell
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1920s |
- Self Portrait in a Chair
- Rabbits
- Female Nude in a Landscape
- Wild West
- The Fall of Men
- Escher's Father with Magnifying Glass
- Portrait of a Man (II)
- Man Standing
- Seated Old Woman
- Flower
- Seated Female Nude (I)
- Seated Female Nude (II)
- Seated Female Nude (III)
- Roosje Ingen Housz
- Poster
- Plane-filling Motif with Human Figures
- Paradise
- Seated Female Nude (IV)
- Seated Female Nude (V)
- Hand with Fir Cone
- St Francis
- Eight Heads
- Eagle, vignette
- Dolphins
- San Gimignano
- Self-Portrait (V)
- Portrait of Jetta
- Vitorchiano nel Cimino
- The First Day of the Creation
- The Sixth Day of Creation
- The Fall of Man
- Procession in Crypt
- Rome
- Castle in the Air
- Tower of Babel
- Fara San Martino, Abruzzi
- Corte, Corsica
- The Drowned Cathedral
- Infant Arthur Escher
- Self-Portrait (VI)
- Barbarano, Cimino
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1930s |
- Street in Scanno, Abruzzi
- Castrovalva
- The Bridge
- Fiumara, Calabria
- Tropea, Calabria
- Cloister near Rocca Imperiale, Calabria
- Atrani, Coast of Amalfi
- Covered Alley in Atrani
- Ravello and the Coast of Amalfi
- Coast of Amalfi
- Farmhouse, Ravello
- San Cosimo, Ravello
- Turello, Southern Italy
- Porta Maria dell'Ospidale, Ravello
- Lion of the Fountain in the Piazza at Ravello
- San Michele dei Frisone, Rome
- Mumified Priests in Gangi, Sicily
- Temple of Segeste, Sicily
- Cave Dwellings (near Sperlinga) Sicily
- Palm
- Caltavuturo in the Madonie Mountains Sicily
- Cloister of Monreale Sicily
- Lava Flow of 1928 from Etna Sicily
- Pineta of Calvi, Corsica
- Phosphorescent Sea
- Fireworks
- Old Olive Tree, Corsica
- Nonza, Corsica
- Still Life with Mirror
- Nocturnal Rome: Colonade of St Peter's
- Nocturnal Rome: Santa Maria del Popolo
- Nocturnal Rome: Trajan's Column
- Nocturnal Rome: Basilica of Constantine
- Nocturnal Rome: Castel Sant' Angelo
- Nocturnal Rome: Colosseum
- Aeroplane above Snowy Landscape
- Still Life with Spherical Mirror
- Hand with Reflecting Sphere
- Regular Division of the Plane
- Inside St Peter's
- Portrait of G.A. Escher
- Sengela, Malta
- Hell, copy after Hieronymus Bosch
- Snow
- Prickly Flower
- House in the Lava near Nunziata, Sicily
- Still Life and Street
- Metamorphosis I
- Development I
- Day and Night
- Cycle
- Sky and Water I
- Sky and Water II
- Entrance to the Oude Kerk, Delft
- Development II (I)
- Development II (II)
- Oostpoort, Delft
- Nieuwe Kerk, Delft
- Town Hall, Delft
- Voldersgracht, Delft
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1940s |
- Metamorphosis II
- Bookplate Dr. P.H.M. Travaglino
- Horse (No. 8)
- Sea Horse (No. 11)
- Lizard (No. 15)
- Eagle (No. 17)
- Two Birds (No. 18)
- Fish (No. 20)
- Clowns (No. 21)
- Bird / Fish (No. 22)
- Lizard (No. 25)
- Three Birds (No. 28)
- Fish
- Plane-filling Motif with Reptiles
- Bird / Fish (No. 34)
- Bird / Fish (No. 34B)
- Dragonfly (No. 38)
- Crab (No. 40)
- Two Fish (No. 41)
- Shells and Starfish (No. 42)
- Bird (No. 44)
- Angel-Devil (No. 45)
- Verbum
- Two Fish (No. 46)
- Frog (No. 51)
- Fish (No. 55)
- Lizard (No. 56)
- Two Fish (No. 57)
- Two Fish (No. 58)
- Two Fish (No. 59)
- Two Lizards (No. 60)
- Reptiles
- Ant
- Blowball (I)
- Blowball (II)
- Encounter
- Two Creatures (No. 61)
- Devil (No. 62)
- Pessimist-Optimist (No. 63)
- Balcony
- Doric Columns
- Three Spheres I
- Diploma Tijdelijke Academie, Eindhoven
- Winged Lion (No. 66)
- Magic Mirror
- Three Spheres II
- Horseman
- Mumified Frog
- Eye
- New Year's greeting-card
- Gallery
- Horseman (No. 67)
- Another World
- Up and Down
- Drawing Hands
- Dewdrop
- Sun and Moon
- Study for Stars
- Stars
- Fish / Duck / Lizard (No. 69)
- Butterfly (No. 70)
- Fish / Boat (No. 72)
- New Year's greeting card
- Plane-filling Motif with Birds
- Regular Division of the Plane with Birds
- Sea-shells
- Fish and Frogs
- Double Planetoid
- Flying Fish (No. 73)
- Horse / Bird (No. 76)
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1950s |
- Order and Chaos
- Rippled Surface
- Devils (vignette)
- Unicorn (No. 78)
- Flying Fish / Bird (No. 80)
- Predestination
- Plane Filling I
- Curl-up
- House of Stairs
- Bird / Fish (No. 82)
- Thirty-Six Different Motifs (No. 83)
- Bird / Fish (No. 8)
- Two Intersecting Planes
- Puddle
- Dragon
- Gravitation
- Lizard / Fish / Bat (No. 85)
- Two Birds (No. 87)
- Sea Horse (No. 88)
- Concentric Rinds
- Relativity
- Spirals
- Beetle (No. 91)
- Bookplate A.R.A. Wertheim
- Tetrahedral Planetoide
- Fish (No. 93)
- Convex and Concave
- Liberation
- Rind
- Depth
- Three Worlds
- Fish (No. 94)
- Swan (No. 96)
- Swans
- Bond of Union
- Print Gallery
- Division
- Smaller and Smaller
- Lizards (No. 101)
- Cube with Magic Ribbons
- Plane Filling II
- Whirlpools
- Belvedere
- Sphere Surface with Fish
- Sphere Spirals
- Flatworms
- Circle Limit II
- Circle Limit III
- Fishes and Scales
- Lizard (No. 104)
- Pegasus (No. 105)
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1960s | |
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Related | |
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