Vulgata Sixtina
The Vulgata Sixtina was a Latin edition of the Bible from 1590, prepared on the orders of Pope Sixtus V. It was the first edition of the Latin Vulgate authorised by a pope, but its official recognition was short-lived.
Three committees
On 8 April 1546 the Council of Trent required that the Vulgate be printed quam emendatissime (fewest possible faults).[1] There was no authoritative edition at that time.[2]
The first committee was appointed by Pope Pius IV in 1561 to undertake the work, but the committee worked slowly and ineffectively. The second committee was appointed by Pope Pius V in 1569 (Congregatio pro emendatione Bibliorum), with four Cardinals Marcus Antonius, Sirleto, Madrutius, and Antonio Carafa.[3][4] The committee was resolved under the Pope Gregory XIII.[5]
The Pope Sixtus V had appointed the 3rd committee of scholars to continue the work. The committee was under the presidency of Cardinal Carafa. The work was prepared on the basis of the edition of Francis Lucas 'of Bruges' from Louvain (1583)[6] and good manuscripts were used as authorities, including notably Codex Amiatinus.[7] Carafa presented the result of their work, in the beginning of 1589, but Sixtus rejected their work and in 18 months prepared another text he corrected to agree with the Greek and Hebrew,[8] He used Codex Carafianus,[9] but it was hurried into print and suffered from many printing errors,[10] as well as serious problems reflecting the inability of the headstrong Sixtus as a Bible scholar. Three whole verses were dropped from the Book of Numbers; Numbers 30:11-13, though it is unclear whether this was an error in printing, or a 'wild' editorial choice by Sixtus himself. In May 1590 the completed work was issued from the press in three volumes;[2], but even after printing, Sixtus continued to tinker with the text, sending out revised readings on gummed strips to be pasted over the printed pages. After his death Robert Bellarmine warned that this work was an embarrassment, and a great danger to the church.[11] Sixtus death before Vulgata Sixtina was taken into use is considered by apologists as an example of papal infallibility.
The full title of edition was: Biblica Sacra Vulgatae editionnis, ad Concilii Tridenti praescriptum emendata et a Sixto V P. M. recognita et approbata.[12] The edition was preceded by the Bull Aeternus Ille (1 March 1590), in which the Pope declared the authenticity of the new Bible, the Vulgata Sixtina.[13][14] This edition was short-lived, because of its textual inaccuracy.[2][15]
On 27 August Sixtus V died suddenly, and on 5 September the college of Cardinals stopped all further sales, bought and destroyed as many copies as possible.[2] Faced with about six thousand on matters of detail, and a hundred that were important, and saving the honour of Sixtus V, Bellarmine undertook the preface, and ascribed all the imperfections of his Vulgate to being errors of the press.[16] Some believe that the attack against the edition had been instigated by the Jesuits, whom Sixtus had offended by putting one of Bellarmine's books on the Index Librorum Prohibitorum.[17]
Vulgata Sixtina is cited only in some present critical editions and it is designated by siglum vgs.[18]
Some differences to the Louvain edition
In Book of Genesis 40-50 43 corrections were made (on the basis of Codex Carafianus):[19]
40,8 – nunquam ] numquam
40,14 – tibi bene ] bene tibi
41,13 – quicquid ] quidquid
41,19 – nunquam ] numquam
41,20 – pecoribus ] prioribus
41,39 – nunquid ] numquid
41,55 – quicquid ] quidquid
42,4 – quicquam ] quidquam
42,11 – quicquam ] quidquam
42,13 – at illi dixerunt ] at illi
42,22 – nunquid ] numquid
42,38 – adversitatis ] adversi
43,3 – denuntiavit ] denunciavit
43,5 – denuntiavit ] denunciavit
43,7 – nunquid ] numquid
43,19 – dispensatorem ] dispensatorem domus
43,30 – lachrymae ] lacrymae
44,4 – ait surge ] surge
44,29 – maerore ]moerore
45,13 – nuntiate ] nunciate
45,20 – dimittatis ] demittatis
45,20 – auicquam ] quidquam
45,23 – tantundem ] tantumdem
45,23 – addens eis ] addens et
45,26 – nuntiaverunt ] nunciaverunt
46,10 – Chananitidis ] Chanaanitidis
46,10 – Cahath ] Caath
46,13 – Simeron ] Semron
46,16 – Sephon ] Sephion
46,16 – Aggi ] Haggi
46,16 – et Esebon et Suni ] et Suni et Esebon
46,17 – Jamma ] Jamme
46,22 – quatuordecim ] quattuordecim
46,26 – cunctaeque ] cunctae
46,28 – nuntiaret ] nunciaret
46,28 – et ille occurreret ] et occurreret
46,31 – nuntiabo ] nunciabo
47,1 – nuntiavit ] nunciavit
47,9 – peregrinationis vitae meae ] peregrinationis meae
47,24 – quatuor ] quattuor
47,31 – Dominum ] Deum
48,1 – nuntiatum ] nunciatum
49,1 – annuntiem ] annunciem
Among these 43 corrections, 31 has only grammar meaning, and 6 of them are correct.[20]
- Changes in versification
In 30 first chapters of the Book of Genesis following changes were made:[21]
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See also
References
- ↑ Berger, Samuel (1879). La Bible au seizième siècle: Étude sur les origines de la critique biblique (in French). Paris. p. 147 ff. Retrieved 2011-01-23.
- 1 2 3 4 Bruce M. Metzger, The Early Versions of the New Testament, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1977, p. 348.
- ↑ Carlo Vercellone, Variae lectiones Vulgatae Latinae Bibliorum editionis, Romae 1860, p. XXII.
- ↑ Quentin, Henri (1922). Mémoire sur l'établissement du texte de la Vulgate (in French). Rome: Desclée. p. 168. Retrieved 2011-01-23.
- ↑ Eberhard Nestle & William Edie, Introduction to the Textual Criticism of the New Testament (New York 1901), p. 127.
- ↑ Gerace, Antonio, ‘Francis Lucas ‘of Bruges’ and Textual Criticism of the Vulgate before and after the Sixto-Clementine (1592)’. Journal of Early Modern Christianity no. 3, 201-237.
- ↑ Scrivener, Frederick Henry Ambrose; Edward Miller (1894). A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament. 2 (4 ed.). London: George Bell & Sons. p. 64.
- ↑ Pierre Gandil, La Bible latine : de la Vetus latina à la Néo-Vulgate
- ↑ Carlo Vercellone, Variae lectiones Vulgatae Latinae Bibliorum editionis, Romae 1860, p. XXX.
- ↑ Petr Pokorný, Ulrich Heckel, Einleitung in das Neue Testament: seine Literatur und Theologie im Überblick, Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2007, p. 101.
- ↑ Bellarmino, Roberto Francesco Romolo (1989). Spiritual Writings. Paulist Press. p. 15. ISBN 0-8091-0389-3-.
- ↑ Eugeniusz Dąbrowski, Prolegomena do Nowego Testamentu, wyd. 3, Księgarnia św. Wojciecha, Poznań 1959, s. 126.
- ↑ VULGATE – International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
- ↑ Shimrath -- Zuzim "A Dictionary of the Bible:" Volume IV: Part II, p. 881
- ↑ Jaroslav Pelikan, "The Reformation of the Bible/The Bible of the Reformation," p. 14
- ↑ Bungener, Félix (1855). History of the Council of Trent. Harper and brothers. p. 92.
- ↑ Bruce M. Metzger, The Early Versions of the New Testament, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1977, pp. 348-349
- ↑ K. Aland (ed.), E. Nestle, (1991). Novum Testamentum Graece (ed. 26). Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft. p. 19*. [NA26]
- ↑ Quentin, Henri (1922). Mémoire sur l'établissement du texte de la Vulgate (in French). Rome: Desclée. pp. 184–185. Retrieved 2011-01-23.
- ↑ Quentin, Henri (1922). Mémoire sur l'établissement du texte de la Vulgate (in French). Rome: Desclée. p. 185. Retrieved 2011-01-23.
- ↑ Quentin, Henri (1922). Mémoire sur l'établissement du texte de la Vulgate (in French). Rome: Desclée. p. 189. Retrieved 2011-01-14.
Further reading
- Quentin, Henri (1922). Mémoire sur l'établissement du texte de la Vulgate (in French). Rome: Desclée. pp. 168 ff. Retrieved 2011-01-14.
- Carlo Vercellone (1860). Variae lectiones Vulgatae Latinae Bibliorum editionis. Romae.
- Paul Maria Baumgarten, Die Vulgata Sixtina von 1590 und ihre Einführungsbulle Aktenstücke und Untersuchungen, Münster i. W. Aschendorff 1911.