Rhamnogalacturonan-II

Rhamnogalacturonan-II (RG-II) is a complex polysaccharide termed a pectin that is found in the primary walls of dicotyledenous and monocotyledenous plants and gymnosperms.[1] RG-II is also likely to be present in the walls of some lower plants (ferns, horsetails, and lycopods). Its structure is conserved across vascular plants. RG-II is composed of 12 different glycosyl residues including D-rhamnose, apiose, D-galactose, L-galactose, Kdo, galacturonic acid, L-arabinose, xylose, and L-aceric acid, linked together by at least 21 distinct glycosidic linkages. It also contains a borate cross-link between apiosyl residues. The backbone consists of a linear polymer of alpha-1,4-linked D-galactopyranosiduronic acid. RG-II can be isolated from apple juice and red wine.[2]

The gut bacterium Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron has a polysaccharide utilization locus that contains enzymes that allows deconstruction of rhamnogalacturonan-II, cleaving all but 1 of its 21 distinct glycosidic linkages.[3]

See also

References

  1. ↑ O'Neill, MA; Ishii, T; Albersheim, P; Darvill, AG (2004). "Rhamnogalacturonan II: structure and function of a borate cross-linked cell wall pectic polysaccharide". Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 55: 109–139. doi:10.1146/annurev.arplant.55.031903.141750. PMID 15377216.
  2. ↑ Pellerin, Patrice; Doco, Thierry; Vida, Stéphane; Williams, Pascale; Brillouet, Jean-Marc; O'Neill, Malcolm A (1996). "Structural characterization of red wine rhamnogalacturonan II". Carbohydrate Research. 290 (2): 183. doi:10.1016/0008-6215(96)00139-5. PMID 8823907.
  3. ↑ Ndeh, Didier (2017). "Complex pectin metabolism by gut bacteria reveals novel catalytic functions". Nature. 544 (7648): 65–70. Bibcode:2017Natur.544...65N. doi:10.1038/nature21725. PMC 5388186. PMID 28329766.
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