Québec solidaire

Québec solidaire
Leader Gaétan Châteauneuf (de jure)[1]; collective leadership (de facto)
President Nika Deslauriers
Spokesperson Manon Massé and Gabriel Nadeau-Dubois
Founded February 4, 2006 (2006-02-04)
Merger of Union des forces progressistes (UFP),
Option Citoyenne,
Option nationale
Headquarters 533, rue Ontario Est
Suite 010
Montreal, Quebec
H2L 1N8
Ideology Democratic socialism
Social democracy
Alter-globalization
Quebec sovereigntism
Environmentalism
Feminism
Political position Left-wing[2][3]
Colours Orange
Seats in the National Assembly
10 / 125
Website
quebecsolidaire.net

Québec solidaire (QS; locally [ke.bɛk sɔ.li.daɛ̯ʁ]) is a democratic socialist[4][5][6] and sovereigntist political party in Quebec, Canada.[7] The party and media outlets in Canada usually use the name "Québec solidaire" in both French and English, but the party's name is sometimes translated as "Solidarity Quebec" or "Quebec Solidarity" in foreign English-language media.[8][9][10]

History

Foundation

Québec solidaire was founded on February 4, 2006 in Montreal by the merger of the left-wing party Union des forces progressistes (UFP) and the alter-globalization political movement Option Citoyenne, led by Françoise David.[7] It was formed around a number of activists and politicians who had written Pour un Québec solidaire, a left-wing response to Pour un Québec lucide. Pour un Québec lucide presented a distinctly neoliberal analysis of and set of solutions to Quebec's problems, particularly criticizing the sovereignty movement as distracting from Quebec's real issues and the Quebec social model as inefficient and out-of-date. Pour un Québec solidaire presented an alternate analysis, and later its writers formed the party Quebec solidaire, taking its name from the manifesto.[11]

Merger with Option nationale

On December 2, 2017, party members approved a merger with the centre-left sovereignist Option nationale party.[12] ON members approved the merger, which gave them "collective" status within Québec solidaire, on December 10.[13]

Jean-François Lisée charged Manon Massé with reneging in unsuccessful deliberations for a putative electoral alliance between the Parti Québécois and Québec Solidaire in 2017.[14]

Election results

Québec solidaire's first political venture was to field a candidate, Manon Massé, in an April 10, 2006, by-election in Sainte-Marie–Saint-Jacques. She received 22% of the vote.

On August 14, 2006, there were two by-elections (Pointe-aux-Trembles and Taillon) in which QS received 8% and 7% of the vote.

Québec solidaire contested the 2007 Quebec election. It won 3.65% of the popular vote and received 144,418 votes, 0.21% behind the Green Party of Quebec. They were also endorsed by the Montreal Central Council of the Confédération des syndicats nationaux which represents 125,000 members in Quebec. According to an analysis on Canadian Dimension, this is the first time a trade union in Quebec has endorsed a party more left-wing than the Parti Québécois.[15]

On December 8, 2008, the first Quebec Solidaire candidate was elected in the provincial election. Amir Khadir was elected in the Montreal riding of Mercier.[16] He won his seat for the second term on 2012 election along with another QS candidate Françoise David in Montreal riding of Gouin. Manon Massé was elected in Sainte-Marie–Saint-Jacques in the 2014 election to become the party's third MNA, joining David and Khadir who were both re-elected. In the 2018 election the party gained 7 more seats from former Liberal and Parti Québécois (while also surpassing the latter by one seat) districts after Coalition Avenir Québec, an Autonomous party won the majority of seats.

Election # of candidates # of seats won Votes Change +/- % of popular vote Position
2007 123
0 / 125
 144,418 Steady 0 3.64% Extra-parliamentary
2008 122
1 / 125
 122,618 Increase 1 3.78% Fourth party/No Status
2012 124
2 / 125
 263,111 Increase 1 6.03% Fourth party/No Status
2014 124
3 / 125
 323,367 Increase 1 7.63% Fourth party/No Status
2018 125
10 / 125
 648,406 Increase 7 16.08% Third party/No Status

Current and former Members of the National Assembly

MNA District Region Years of Service
Within Caucus		 Background
Françoise David Gouin Montreal 2012-2017 Community organizer
Women's rights activist
Option citoyenne founder and activist
Amir Khadir Mercier Montreal 2008–2018 Physician
Bloc Québécois candidate in 2000
UFP activist and 2003 candidate
Alter-globalization activist
Manon Massé Sainte-Marie–Saint-Jacques Montreal 2014–present Community centre worker
LGBT and women's rights activist
Gabriel Nadeau-Dubois Gouin Montreal 2017–present Co-spokesperson for Coalition large de l'Association pour une solidarité syndicale étudiante (CLASSE) during 2012 Quebec student protests
Catherine Dorion Taschereau Capitale-Nationale 2018–present The first openly polyamorous person elected in Canada possibly globally.
Andrés Fontecilla Laurier-Dorion Montreal 2018–present Former spokeperson of their party (2013-2017)
Ruba Ghazal Mercier Montreal 2018–present Replacing for Amir Khadir former seat
Alexandre Leduc Hochelaga-Maisonneuve Montreal 2018–present
Christine Labrie Sherbrooke Estrie 2018–present
Émilise Lessard-Therrien Rouyn-Noranda–Témiscamingue Abitibi-Témiscamingue 2018–present
Vincent Marissal Rosemont Montreal 2018–present
Sol Zanetti Jean-Lesage Capitale-Nationale 2018–present Former leader of Option nationale (2013-2018)


Ideology

The aim of QS's foundation was to unify the sovereigntist left of the political spectrum in Quebec by merging the Union des forces progressistes (UFP) party with the Option citoyenne social movement.[17][18] In addition to advocating the independence of Quebec from Canada, the party's platform identifies with the concepts of environmentalism, feminism, social justice, proportional representation and participatory democracy, pacifism, aboriginal rights, and alter-globalism.[19] The party favours aboriginal rights, immigration, and human dignity, and opposes discrimination including racism, sexism and homophobia.[19] QS describes itself as a sovereigntist, green, alter-globalizationist, and feminist party.[20]

At the party's founding, the congress unanimously adopted a document called the Déclaration de principes (declaration of principles) which laid out the principles and values that led the two organizations to merge. The declaration of principles does not specifically endorse social democracy, socialism or communism, although it includes certain activists and tendencies that do.[21][22][23] The document declared:[19]

  • "Nous sommes écologistes" ("We are environmentalists")
  • "Nous sommes de gauche" ("We are on the Left")
  • "Nous sommes démocrates" ("We are democrats")
  • "Nous sommes féministes" ("We are feminists")
  • "Nous sommes altermondialistes" ("We are alter-globalists")
  • "Nous sommes d'un Québec pluriel" ("We are from a plural Quebec")
  • "Nous sommes d'un Québec souverain et solidaire" ("We are from a sovereign and united [literally: solidarity-showing] Quebec")
  • "Un autre parti, pour un autre Québec!" ("Another party, for another Quebec!")

Structure

As with its predecessors, Québec solidaire has no "party leader". Instead, the party practices collective leadership, where the duties generally entrusted to the leader are instead divided among the president, secretary general and male and female spokespeople. The party leadership is assumed by the National Coordinating Committee, composed of 16 persons elected by the founding congress. A person from the team of volunteers will always have a seat. However, as Quebec's election laws requires the appointment of a leader, the party's secretary general, currently Gaétan Châteauneuf,[1] is the de jure party leader recognized by the Chief Electoral Officer of Quebec.[24]

The party's statutes call for it to be represented by a male and female co-spokesperson, one of whom serves in the dual role of party president. If one of the spokespeople is a member of the National Assembly, the other spokesperson remains outside of the legislature and holds the party presidency.[25] They are sometimes referred to in the media as the de facto co-leaders of the party.[26] Françoise David and Amir Khadir were the two spokespersons at the party's founding. After the 2012 election where Françoise David won a seat for the first time and Amir Khadir was re-elected, Khadir stepped down as co-spokesperson so a new one could be chosen from outside the legislature.[25] André Frappier served as interim co-spokesperson[27] until Andrés Fontecilla was chosen on May 5, 2013 to permanently fill the role.[28] Gabriel Nadeau-Dubois and Manon Massé became the current co-spokespersons of the party on May 21, 2017. Alexa Conradi was president from the foundation of the party until June 2009 after which Françoise David was named president-spokeswoman.

The national spokespersons of Québec solidaire have greater visibility than the secretary general and are best known. David has been named Personality of the Year by Le Point and Khadir is known for becoming the first elected member of the party, winning the provincial riding of Mercier in 2008.

The basic unit of the party is the local association. There is a local association for each of the 125 ridings in Quebec. These local associations are grouped into 19 regional associations, whose primary mandate to support the establishment of local associations. In March 2007, Québec solidaire has 61 local associations organized. Students and staff at institutions of higher education are grouped in campus associations that also participate in the democratic life of the party. Two national commissions are also part of the structure of Québec solidaire: the Political Committee and the National Commission for Women. The first is composed of 14 thematic committees and is responsible for proposing a program to members. It was responsible for drafting the electoral platform of the party in general elections of 2007. The National Commission for Women is composed of delegates from each region and is responsible for ensuring that feminism is a value which transverses the party.

Québec solidaire also includes a number of collectives, made up of members in good standing who may, in compliance with requirements, promote their respective political views within Québec solidaire. Unlike the UFP, these groups do not have formal representation in the Congress, the National Council or other bodies of the party.[29] Current collectives include:

The Parti Communiste du Québec – Parti Communiste du Canada (PCQ-PCC), left QS following its merger with Option nationale in 2017.[34]

Leaders

Secretary general

  • Danielle Mayor (February 2006 – June 2006)
  • Régent Séguin (June 2006 – July 2010)
  • Bernard Larivière (July 2010 – February 2011)
  • Thérèse Hurteau (February 2011 – March 2011)
  • Régent Séguin (March 2011 – May 2013)
  • Pierre-Paul St-Onge (May 2013 – June 2016)
  • Gaétan Châteauneuf (June 2016 – present)[35]

Female co-spokesperson

Male co-spokesperson

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "Québec solidaire". Directeur général des élections du Québec. Retrieved 2018-09-30.
  2. ↑ Dr Marc Guinjoan (2014). Parties, Elections and Electoral Contests: Competition and Contamination Effects. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 68. ISBN 978-1-4724-3910-9.
  3. ↑ Tom Lansford, ed. (2015). Political Handbook of the World 2015. SAGE Publications. p. 1061. ISBN 978-1-4833-7155-9.
  4. ↑ John A. Dickinson; Brian Young (2008). A Short History of Quebec. McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP. p. 367. ISBN 978-0-7735-3439-1.
  5. ↑ Pascale Dufour; Christophe Traisnel (2014). "Nationalism and Protest: the Sovereignty Movement in Quebec". In Miriam Smith. Group Politics and Social Movements in Canada: Second Edition. University of Toronto Press. p. 262. ISBN 978-1-4426-0695-1.
  6. ↑ Peter Graefe (2015). "Quebec Nationalism and Quebec Politics". In Bryan M. Evans; Charles W. Smith. Transforming Provincial Politics: The Political Economy of Canada's Provinces and Territories in the Neoliberal Era. University of Toronto Press. p. 155. ISBN 978-1-4426-1179-5.
  7. 1 2 "Historique" (in French). Québec Solidaire. Archived from the original on July 25, 2011. Retrieved 2012-01-20.
  8. ↑ "Québec solidaire: Quebec's "left" party in the orbit of the big business PQ". World Socialist Web Site. International Committee of the Fourth International (ICFI). December 8, 2008. Retrieved 2009-06-15.
  9. ↑ "A Day of Protest and Teargas at Prosperity and Security Summit". Translation from Le Devoir. Watching America. August 21, 2007. Retrieved 2009-06-15.
  10. ↑ "Northern Lights: Socialism 2007 a Big Success". Labor Standard. Socialist Action. June 2007. Retrieved 2009-06-15.
  11. ↑ "Analysis from the 2007 Quebec general election mentioning the role of the manifesto". Thetyee.ca. Retrieved 2012-01-20.
  12. ↑ "Quebec solidaire votes to merge with Option nationale ahead of 2018 election". CTV News. December 2, 2017.
  13. ↑ "Option Nationale members vote in favour of merger with Quebec Solidaire". CTV News. December 10, 2017.
  14. ↑ https://montrealgazette.com/news/local-news/quebec-election-lisee-defends-attack-on-qs
  15. ↑ Richard Fidler (March 27, 2007). "Some Notes on the Results of the Quebec Election". Canadian Dimension magazine.
  16. ↑ "QS's Amir Khadir prevails over PQ in Montreal's Mercier riding". CBC News. December 8, 2008.
  17. ↑ Francesca Bargiela-Chiappini (2009). The Handbook of Business Discourse. Edinburgh University Press. p. 58. ISBN 978-0-7486-2801-8.
  18. ↑ Daniel Robichaud; Francois Cooren (May 2, 2013). Organization and Organizing: Materiality, Agency and Discourse. Routledge. p. 179. ISBN 978-1-136-20733-4.
  19. 1 2 3 "Qui sommes-nous?" (in French). Québec Solidaire. Archived from the original on July 13, 2011. Retrieved 2012-08-08.
  20. ↑ Linda Trimble; Jane Arscott; Manon Tremblay (May 31, 2013). Stalled: The Representation of Women in Canadian Governments. UBC Press. p. 208. ISBN 978-0-7748-2522-1.
  21. ↑ "Parti Communiste du Québec" (in French). October 29, 2008. Retrieved 2008-10-29.
  22. ↑ "Manifeste de la Gauche Socialiste" (in French). Gauche socialiste. Retrieved 2008-10-29.
  23. ↑ "Notre Programme". La Riposte (in French). June 2009.
  24. ↑ "Quebec party leaders back on election campaign trail after visiting tornado victims". The Canadian Press. September 23, 2018. Retrieved October 5, 2018.
  25. 1 2 Simard, Mathieu (November 4, 2012). "Khadir steps down as Québec solidaire co-leader". The Canadian Press. Retrieved 2012-11-25.
  26. ↑ Robert Dutrisac (December 18, 2008). "Khadir prête serment d'allégeance aux "mal pris"". Le Devoir (in French). Retrieved 2016-06-08.
  27. ↑ Simard, Mathieu (December 2, 2012). "Québec Solidaire elects interim co-spokesman". CBC News. Retrieved 2012-12-02.
  28. ↑ "Québec solidaire choisit Andrés Fontecilla comme porte-parole". La Presse. May 5, 2013. Retrieved May 5, 2013.
  29. ↑ "Statuts provisoires" (PDF) (in French). Magog: Québec Solidaire. p. 12. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 25, 2011.
  30. ↑ "Alternative Socialiste. "Qui sommes nous?"" (in French). Mpsquebec.org. Retrieved 2012-01-20.
  31. ↑ "Gauche socialiste" (in French). Gauche socialiste.
  32. ↑ "RÉSISTANCE. Des luttes anticapitalistes à la révolution". Socialisme International/International Socialists (in French).
  33. ↑ "La TMI s'affilie à Québec solidaire". La Riposte (in French). September 2009.
  34. ↑ https://particommunisteduquebec.ca/sur-quebec-solidaire/
  35. ↑ Bélair-Cirino, Marco; Noël, Dave (March 15, 2017). "Les co-porte-parole, un léger avantage pour Québec solidaire". Le Devoir. Retrieved October 5, 2018.
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