Thallophyte

Lichens are some of the organisms included in several definitions of the Thallophyte group.

The thallophytes (Thallophyta or Thallobionta) are a polyphyletic group of non-mobile organisms traditionally described as "thalloid plants", "relatively simple plants" or "lower plants". These plants mainly grow in water. They were a defunct division of kingdom Plantae that included fungus, lichens and algae and occasionally bryophytes, bacteria and the Myxomycota. Thallophytes have a hidden reproductive system and hence they are also called Cryptogamae (together with ferns), as opposed to Phanerogamae. The thallophytes are defined as having undifferentiated bodies (thalli), as opposed to cormophytes (Cormophyta) with roots and stems. It mainly grows in fresh water and it has fibre like body.

Definitions

Several different definitions of the group have been used.

Stephan Endlicher, a 19th-century Austrian botanist, separated the vegetable kingdom into the thallophytes (algae, lichens, fungi) and the cormophytes (including bryophytes and thus being equivalent to Embryophyta in this case) in 1836.[1][2] This definition of Thallophyta is approximately equivalent to Protophyta, which has always been a loosely defined group.[3]

In the Lindley system (1830–1839), Endlicher's cormophytes were divided into the thallogens (including the bryophytes), and cormogens ("non-flowering" plants with roots), as well as the six other classes. Cormogens were a much smaller group than Endlicher's cormophytes,[4] including just the ferns (and Equisetopsida) and the plants now known as lycopodiophytes.Thallophytis a thalliod plant,which does not require water for growth.

Thallophyta is a division of the plant kingdom including primitive forms of plant life showing a simple plant body. Including unicellular to large algae, fungi, lichens. [5]

The first ten phyla are referred to as thallophytes. They are simple plants without roots stems or leaves.[6]

Subdivisions

The Thallophyta have been divided into two subdivisions:[7]

  • Myxothallophyta (myxomycetes)
  • Euthallophyta (bacteria, fungi, lichens, algae)

The term Euthallophyta was originally used by Adolf Engler.[8]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Stephan Endlicher (1836–1840). "Genera plantarum secundum ordines naturales disposita". F. Beck; The Biodiversity Heritage Library.
  2. ↑ Lindley (1846), page 46
  3. ↑ Fritsch, F.E. (1929). "Evolutionary Sequence and Affinities among Protophyta". Biological Reviews. 4 (2): 103–151. doi:10.1111/j.1469-185X.1929.tb00884.x.
  4. ↑ Lindley (1846), page 49
  5. ↑ Abercrombie, M., Hichman, C.J. and Johnson, M.L. 1966. A Dictionary of Biology. Penguin Books.
  6. ↑ Robbins, W.W., Weier, T.E. and Stocking, C.R. 1959. Botany an Introduction to Plant Science. Chapman & Hall, Limited, Limited
  7. ↑ Awasthi 2010, p. 226.
  8. ↑ Rendle 1903.

Bibliography

  • John Lindley (1846). The vegetable kingdom; or, The structure, classification, and uses of plants, illustrated upon the natural system. Bradbury and Evans; The Biodiversity Heritage Library.
  • Awasthi, D. K. (2010) [2007]. Diversity of Microbes, Fungi & Lichens (2nd ed.). Meerut: Krishna Prakashan Media. Retrieved 4 May 2015.
  • Rendle, A.B. (1903). "Notices of Books: Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien 3rd ed. 1903" (Review). Journal of Botany, British and Foreign. 41: 62–63. Retrieved 4 May 2015.
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