Pedro de Alcântara, Prince of Grão-Pará

Prince Pedro de Alcântara
Prince of Grão-Pará
Born 15 October 1875
Petrópolis, Empire of Brazil
Died 29 January 1940(1940-01-29) (aged 64)
Petrópolis, Brazil
Burial Cathedral of São Pedro de Alcântara, Petrópolis
Spouse
Issue Princess Isabelle, Countess of Paris
Prince Pedro Gastão
Princess Maria Francisca, Duchess of Braganza
Prince João Maria
Princess Teresa
Full name
Pedro de Alcântara Luiz Filipe Maria Gastão Miguel Gabriel Rafael Gonzaga
House Orléans-Braganza
Father Prince Gaston, Count of Eu
Mother Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil

Dom Pedro de Alcântara of Orléans-Braganza, Prince of Grão Pará (15 October 1875 – 29 January 1940) was the first-born son of Dona Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil and Prince Gaston of Orléans, Count of Eu, and as such, was born second-in-line to the imperial throne of Brazil, during the reign of his grandfather, Emperor Dom Pedro II, until the empire's abolition. He went into exile in Europe with his mother when his grandfather was deposed in 1889, and grew up largely in France, at a family apartment in Boulogne-sur-Seine, and at his father's castle, the Château d'Eu in Normandy.[1]

Early life

Painting of the Prince of Grão-Pará with his parents, 1877

Pedro was born on 15 October 1875 in the Imperial Palace of Petrópolis. He was the first son of Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil and her husband Prince Gaston, Count of Eu. As first son of the heiress to the throne, he was entitled Prince of Grão-Pará and was the presumptive heir to the Brazilian throne at his birth.[2]

Pedro was educated by preceptors, headed by the Baron of Ramiz, and lived in the Isabel Palace, in Rio de Janeiro with his younger brothers until The proclamation of the republic, on 15 November 1889, when he was fourteen years old.[3] He is one of the most poignant gestures on the occasion of the departure of the Brazilian imperial family to exile, when he suggested to his grandfather Emperor Pedro II, "the idea of letting go a white dove, on the high seas, in order to take The last misses of the Imperial Family for Brazil". The dove was released at the height of the island of Fernando de Noronha with a message signed by all the family, but ended up falling to the sea without fulfilling its purpose.[4]

Exile

During the exile in 1890, Pedro moved along with their parents to the outskirts of Versailles.[5] He reached the age of majority in 1893, and without desire to assume the monarchist cause,[6] he left for Vienna, capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, to study in the military school at Wiener Neustadt.[7] According to his own mother it was "clear that he must do something and a military career seems to us the only one he should follow".[7] His younger brothers Luís and Antônio followed him at the same military school. Pedro was formed as Lieutenant of the Austro-Hungarian Army at the 4th Regiment of Uhlans and was later Captain on the reserve.[2]

In 1900 Pedro met Countess Elisabeth Dobržensky de Dobrženicz, a noblewoman of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, daughter of Johann-Wenzel, Count Dobrzensky von Dobrzenicz, who came from a former noble family of Bohemia,[8] and Elizabeth, Baroness Kottulin und Krzischkowitz and Countess Kottulinsky.[9] Count Dobrzensky von Dobrzenicz was elevated to the nobility title of count in 1906, at the request of Princess Isabel, until then his ancestors had been barons.[8] After eight years of courtship and engagement, they married in Versailles, France, on 14 November 1908. The couple had five children.

Restoration attempts

With the deposition of Pedro II of Brazil and the departure of the imperial family to the exile, rumors and even initiatives for the restoration appeared, occasionally. In 1893, the republic staggered with the second revolt of the navy and the federalist revolution in the south of the country. The leader of this last movement, Gaspar Silveira Martins, avowedly monarchist, was engaged in conspiracies to restore the parliamentary monarchy in Brazil. He had already insisted in vain that Pedro II should return to the country, after Marshal Deodoro had closed the National Congress. With the advance of the revolution, he proposed to Princess Isabel to allow the soldiers linked to the Army Revolt to take their eldest son, Pedro, Prince of Grão-Pará, to be acclaimed Dom Pedro III. He heard from the princess that "first of all she was a Catholic, and as such she could not leave the Brazilians with the education of her son, whose soul he had to save".[10] Outraged, Silveira Martins replied: "So, madam, your (his) fate is the convent."

The House of Orléans-Braganza did not prepare itself to the risks of a bloody adventure in the south of Brazil. If, on the one hand, the Prince Imperial had given a revolution that had men and arms a soul, on the other hand, he spared himself the sad end of Custódio José de Melo, Gumercindo Saraiva, and so many others who measured forces against the republic.

Renunciation

In 1908 Dom Pedro wanted to marry Countess Elisabeth Dobržensky de Dobrženicz[3](1875–1951) who, although a noblewoman of the Kingdom of Bohemia, did not belong to a royal or reigning dynasty. Although the constitution of the Brazilian Empire did not require a dynast to marry equally,[11] his mother ruled that the marriage would not be valid dynastically for the Brazilian succession,[11] and as a result he renounced his rights to the throne of Brazil on 30 October 1908.[12][13][14][15][16][17][18] To solemnize this, Dom Pedro, aged thirty-three, signed the document translated here:

This renunciation was followed by a letter from Isabel to royalists in Brazil:

Nonetheless, a few years before his death Prince Pedro de Alcântara told a Brazilian newspaper:

"My resignation was not valid for many reasons: besides, it was not a hereditary resignation."[20]

But years later he had rectified his position:

It is there that I intend to recover the rights of eventual succession to the throne of Brazil, with prejudice to d. Pedro Henrique, my nephew, denying my resignation in 1908. My resignation in 1908 is valid, although many monarchists ... understood that, politically and by the Brazilian laws in force in 1889, it must be ratified by the should the monarchy be restored. In fact, in my family there will never be dissensions or disputes over imperial power.

Death of the Princess Imperial

After the death of the Princess Imperial in 1921, the deceased Dom Luiz's son, Prince Pedro Henrique of Orléans-Braganza, assumed the position of claimant to the Brazilian throne and was recognized as such by many of Europe's dynasties.[20] After Dom Pedro de Alcântara's death in 1940 his eldest son, Prince Pedro Gastão of Orléans-Braganza, asserted a counter-claim as the proper successor (garnering the support of his brothers-in-law, the pretenders to the thrones of Orléanist France and Miguelist Portugal), and some Brazilian legal scholars subsequently argued that his father's renunciation would, indeed, have been constitutionally invalid under the monarchy.[20] Although Pedro de Alcântara's daughter, Princess Isabel, is said to have referred to Dom Pedro Gastão as "My brother, the Brazilian Emperor",[20] she acknowledged in her memoirs that their father nonetheless regarded his renunciation as binding, and treated it as effective.[21]

Return to Brazil

Dom Pedro's obituary, published on the Jornal do Brasil on 30 January 1940

Dom Pedro, after the decree exiling the imperial family was rescinded, came to Brazil to make hunting excursions in the Brazilian backlands. Accompanied by his secretary, he made between 1926 and 1927 one of the best-known trips of the time: the "auto-raid" from Bolivia to Rio de Janeiro, traveling four thousand kilometers by car on practically impassable roads. From this expedition there are reports published by Mario Baldi in Brazilian and European illustrated newspapers and magazines. Many photographs were made at the time; The images are part of the collection Mario Baldi, the secretary of culture of Teresópolis, city where the Austrian lived. Another expedition was made by the prince and his secretary, this time with the children of D. Pedro, in 1936.

On this occasion the expeditionaries visited indigenous villages of the Brazilian backwoods. The magazine A Noite Illustrada published several reports and photographs of Mario Baldi, who did the documentation of the adventure again. D. Pedro de Alcântara returned to Brazil in the decade of 1930, establishing itself in the Grão-Pará Palace, in Petrópolis. He became an obligatory figure in local celebrations and achievements, being greatly admired by the warm and friendly manner in which he always addressed his compatriots. In that same city the prince died, to the 65 years of age, victim of a respiratory illness, and was buried in the local cemetery with honors of head of state. In 1990, his remains were transferred along with his wife to the Imperial Mausoleum in the Cathedral of St. Peter of Alcantara in Petropolis, where they lie next to the tombs of their parents and grandparents in a simple vault.

Titles and honors

Styles of
Pedro de Alcântara, Prince of Grão Pará
Reference style His Imperial Highness
Spoken style Your Imperial Highness
Alternative style Sir

Titles and styles

  • 15 October 1875 – 30 October 1908: His Imperial Highness the Prince of Grão-Pará[2]

Honors

Prince Pedro de Alcântara was a recipient of the following Brazilian dynastic orders:

He was a recipient of the following foreign honors:

Issue

Pedro and Elisabeth married on 14 November 1908 in Versailles, France, and had 5 children :

After his death his son Prince Pedro Gastão assumed the headship of the Petrópolis branch of the Imperial House of Brazil.

Ancestry

References

  1. ↑ Montjouvent, Philippe de (1998). Le comte de Paris et sa Descendance (in French). Charenton: Éditions du Chaney. p. 50. ISBN 2-913211-00-3.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Buyers, Christopher. "The Bragança Dynasty". Royal Ark. Retrieved 2017-03-08.
  3. 1 2 Villon, Victor. "Elisabeth Dobrzensky "Empress of Brazil"". Royalty Digest Quarterly.
  4. ↑ The last goodbye of the Imperial Family: The Prince of Grão-Pará try to send a dove carrying a message "miss of Brazil" to the mainland but the bird fell in the sea, for his wings were cut off, and drowned DEL PRIORE, Mary: O Príncipe Maldito, 2007. p.206
  5. ↑ Barman 2002, pp. 210–212.
  6. ↑ Barman 2002, p. 218.
  7. 1 2 Barman 2002, p. 220.
  8. 1 2 Johann-Wenzel Count Dobrzensky von Dobrzenicz Johann-Wenzel was head of the house of barons of Dobrzensky von Dobrzenicz since 4 November 1877; was elevated to the title of count on 21 February 1906.Cf.: MONJOUVENT, Philippe de: Le Comte de Paris, Duc de France et ses ancêtres. Charenton: Éditions du Chaney,2000.p.22
  9. ↑ Elisabeth, previous baroness, was elevated to the title of countess along with her husband MONJOUVENT, Philippe de: Le Comte de Paris, Duc de France et ses ancêtres. Charenton: Éditions du Chaney,2000.p.22
  10. ↑ CARVALHO, José Murilo de. D. Pedro II. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 2007. Pg. 236
  11. 1 2 Sainty, Guy Stair. "House of Bourbon: Branch of Orléans-Braganza". Chivalric Orders. Archived from the original on 2008-10-25. Retrieved 2009-01-07.
  12. ↑ <BARMAN, Roderick J., Princesa Isabel do Brasil: gênero e poder no século XIX, UNESP, 2005
  13. ↑ VIANNA, Hélio. Vultos do Império. São Paulo: Companhia Editoria Nacional, 1968, p.224
  14. ↑ FREYRE, Gilberto. Ordem e Progresso. Rio de Janeiro: José Olympio, 1959, p.517 and 591
  15. ↑ LYRA, Heitor. História de Dom Pedro II - 1825-1891. São Paulo: Companhia Editora Nacional, 1940, vol.III, p.300
  16. ↑ Enciclopaedia Barsa, vol. IV, article "Braganza", p.210, 1992
  17. ↑ JANOTTI, Maria de Lourdes. Os Subversivos da República. São Paulo: Brasiliense, 1986, p.255-7
  18. ↑ MALATIAN, Teresa Maria. A Ação Imperial Patrianovista Brasileira. São Paulo, 1978, p.153-9
  19. ↑ Montjouvent, Philippe de (1998). Le comte de Paris et sa Descendance (in French). Charenton: Éditions du Chaney. p. 97. ISBN 2-913211-00-3.
  20. 1 2 3 4 Bodstein, Astrid (2006). "The Imperial Family of Brazil". Royalty Digest Quarterly (3). Archived from the original on 2007-10-16. Retrieved 2007-12-28.
  21. ↑ Tout m'est bonheur, tome 1 (Paris: R. Laffont, 1978), page 445 (French)

Sources

Pedro de Alcântara, Prince of Grão-Pará
Cadet branch of the House of Orléans
Born: 15 October 1875 Died: 29 January 1940
Brazilian royalty
Vacant
Title last held by
Princess Maria da Glória		 Prince of Grão-Pará
15 October 1875 – November 15, 1889		 Monarchy abolished
Titles in pretence
Republic declared Prince of Grão-Pará
November 15, 1889 – 5 December 1891		 Vacant
Title next held by
Prince Pedro Henrique
Preceded by
Princess Isabel		 Prince Imperial of Brazil
5 December 1891 – 9 November 1908		 Succeeded by
Prince Luiz
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.