Presidents of the American Psychiatric Association

Presidents of the American Psychiatric Association

Name Year Notes
Altha Stewart2018–2019Current President-Elect, first African-American elected to lead the APA. Associate Professor of Psychiatry and Director, Center for Health in Justice Involved Youth, University of Tennessee Health Science Center.[1]
Anita Everett2017–2018Chief Medical Officer, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) and Director of the Office of Chief Medical Officers (OCMO).[2]
Maria Oquendo2016–2017Professor and Chairman of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine.[3]
Renée Binder2015–2016Associate Dean of Academic Affairs, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) and Forensic Psychiatry Fellowship Director, UCSF Department of Psychiatry.[4][5]
Paul Summergrad2014–2015Dr. Frances S. Arkin Professor and Chairman of the Department of Psychiatry at the Tufts University School of Medicine, Psychiatrist-in-Chief of the Tufts Medical Center.[6][7]
Jeffrey Lieberman2013–2014Chair of Columbia University Department of Psychiatry, principal investigator for the NIMH CATIE study.[8][9]
Dilip V. Jeste2012-2013[10]
John M. Oldham2011–2012[11]
Carol A. Bernstein2010–2011[12]
Alan F. Schatzberg2009-2010[13]
Nada Logan Stotland2008-2009[14]
Carolyn Robinowitz2007–2008[15]
Pedro Ruiz2006-2007[16]
Steven Sharfstein2005–2006[17]
Michelle Riba2004–2005[18]
Marcia Kraft Goin2003-2004[19]
Paul S. Appelbaum2002-2003[20]
Richard K. Harding2001–2002[21]
Daniel B. Borenstein2000–2001[22]
Allan Tasman1999-2000[23]
Rodrigo A. Muñoz1998-1999[24]
Herbert S. Sacks1997–1998[25]
Harold Eist1996–1997
Mary Jane England1995-1996[26]
Jerry M. Wiener1994-1995[27]
John McIntyre1993–1994[28]
Joseph T. English1992-1993[29]
Lawrence Hartmann1991-1992[30]
Elissa P. Benedek1990-1991[31]
Herbert Pardes1989-1990[32]
Paul Fink1988-1989[33]
George H. Pollock1987-1988[34]
Robert O. Pasnau1986–1987[35]
Carol Nadelson1985-1986First female president of the American Psychiatric Association.[36]

First female editor-in-chief of the American Psychiatric Association Press (1986).[37]
First director of Partners Office for Women's Careers at Brigham and Women’s Hospital (1998).[37]

John A. Talbott1984-1985113th president[38]
George Tarjan1983-1984[39]
H. Kieth H. Brodie1982-1983
Daniel X. Freedman1981-1982[40]
Donald G. Langsley1980-1981[41]
Alan A. Stone1979-1980[42]
Jules H. Masserman1978-1979[43]
Jack Weinberg1977-1978[44]
Robert W. Gibson1976-1977[45]
Judd Marmor1975-1976[46]
John Patrick Spiegel1974-1975103rd president[47]
Alfred M. Freedman1973-1974Led the effort to de-classify homosexuality as a mental illness.[48][49]
Perry Clement Talkingten1972–1973[50]
Ewald W. Busse1971–1972[51]
Robert S. Garber1970–1971[52][53]
Robert Waggoner1969–1970[54]
Lawrence C. Kolb1968-1969[55]
Henry W. Brosin1967–1968
Harvey J. Tompkins1966–1967[56]
Howard P. Rome1965–1966[57]
Daniel Blain1964–1965First medical director of the American Psychiatric Association and founder of the newsletter that became the journal Mental Hospitals (1951–1965), later Hospital & Community Psychiatry (1966–1994) and Psychiatric Services (1995–present).[58][59]
Jack R. Ewalt1963–1964[60]
C. H. Hardin Branch1962–1963[61]
Walter E. Barton1961–1962[62]
Robert H. Felix1960-1961[63]
William Malamud1959–1960[64]
Francis J. Gerty1958–1959[65]
Harry C. Solomon1957–1958[66]
Francis J. Braceland1956–1957[67][53]
R. Finley Gayle Jr.1955–1956[68]
Aurther P. Noyes1954–1955[69]
Kenneth E. Appel1953–1954
Donald Ewen Cameron1952–1953[70]
Leo H. Bartemeier1951–1952[71]
John C. Whitehorn1950–1951Psychiatrist in Chief from 1941-1960 at Johns Hopkins University and the Chairman of the Department of Psychiatry.[72]
George S. Stevenson1949-1950[73]
William Claire Menninger1948-1949[74][75]
Winfred Overholser Sr.1947-1948[76]
Samuel W. Hamilton1946–1947[77]
Karl M. Bowman1944–1946[78]
Edward Strecker1943–1944Graduated from Jefferson University in 1911 Professor of Mental and Nervous Diseases (1925-1931).[79][53]
Aurther H. Ruggles1942-1943[80]
James King Hall1941-1942[81]
H. Douglas Singer1941-1942Died before taking office.
George H. Stevenson1940-1941[82]
William C. Sandy1939-1940[83]
Richard H. Hutchings1938-1939[84]
Ross McClure Chapman1937-1938[85]
C. Macfie Campbell1936-1937[86]
Clarence O. Cheney1935-1936[87]
C. Fred Williams1934-1935[88]
George H. Kirby1933-1934[89]
James V. May1932-1933[90]
William L. Russell1931-1932
Walter M English1930-1931
Earl D. Bond1929-1930
Samuel T. Orton1928-1929
Adolf Meyer1927-1928
George M Kline1926-1927
C. Floyd Haviland1925-1926
William A White1924-1925
Thomas W. Salmon1923-1924Mental hygiene advocate and chief consultant psychiatrist to the American Expeditionary Forces during World War I.[91]
Henry W. Mitchell1922-1923
Albert M. Barett1921-1922
Owen Copp1920-1921[92]
Henry C. Eyman1919-1920[92]
Elmer E. Southard1918-1919[93]
James V. Anglin1917-1918[94]
Charles G. Wagner1916-1917[94]
Edward N. Brush1915-1916[95]
Samuel E. Smith1914-1915[95]
Carlos Frederick MacDonald1913–1914[96][97]
James T. Searcy1912-1913[96]
Hubert Work1911-1912[98]
Charles W. Pilgrim1910-1911[98]
William F. Drewry1909-1910[99]
Arthur F. Kilbourne1908-1909[99]
Charles P. Bancroft1907-1908[100]
Charles G. Hill1906-1907[100]
C. B. Burr1905-1906
T.J. W. Burgess1904-1905
A. E. Macdonald1903-1904
G. Adler Bloomer1902-1903
A. B. Richardson1902-1903Died before taking office,
Robert J. Preston1901-1902
Peter M. Wise1900-1901
Joseph G. Rogers1899-1900
Henry M. Hurd1898-1899
Richard M. Bucke1897-1898
Theophilus O. Powell1896-1997
Richard Dewey1895-1896
Edward Cowles1894-1895
John Curwen1893-1894
J.B. Andrews1892-1893
Daniel Clark1891-1892
H.P. Stearns1890-1891Organization name changed to American Medico-Psychological Association
W.W. Godding1889-1890
John B. Chapin1888-1889
Eugene Grissom1887-1888
H.A. Buttolph1886-1887
Orpheus Everts1885-1886
Pliny Earle1884-1885
John P. Gray1883-1884
J.H. Callender1882-1883
Clement Walker1879-1882
Charles Nichols1873-1879
John S. Butler1870-1873
Thomas Story Kirkbride1862-1870
Andrew McFarland1859-1862
Isaac Ray1855-1859
Luther Bell1851-1855
William Awl1848-1851
Samuel B. Woodward1844-1848First president, founded as the Association of Medical Superintendents of American Institutions for the Insane

References

  1. ↑ "APA Elects Dr. Altha Stewart as President-Elect, the First African-American to Lead Organization" (Press release). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association. 14 February 2017. Retrieved 3 July 2017.
  2. ↑ "Anita Everett Takes Office as APA President" (Press release). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association. 25 May 2017. Retrieved 3 July 2017.
  3. ↑ "Maria Oquendo Takes Office as APA President" (Press release). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association. 19 May 2016. Retrieved 3 July 2017.
  4. ↑ Summergrad, Paul (July 2016). "Renee Binder, M.D., 142nd President, 2015-2016". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 173 (7): 671. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.173703. PMID 27363552.
  5. ↑ "Renée Binder, M.D., Takes Office as APA President" (Press release). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association. 21 May 2015. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
  6. ↑ Glassman, Randy S. (August 2015). "Paul Summergrad, M.D., 141st President, 2014-2015". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 172 (8): 719–20. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.1720703. PMID 26234598.
  7. ↑ "Faculty Bio — Paul Summergrad, MD". Neuroscience CME. CME Outfitters, LLC. Retrieved May 22, 2015.
  8. ↑ Solomon, Andrew (July 2014). "Jeffrey A. Lieberman, M.D., 140th President, 2013-2014". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 171 (7): 740. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.171071. PMID 24980173.
  9. ↑ "Jeffrey Lieberman, M.D". Columbia Psychiatry. Columbia University Department of Psychiatry. Retrieved 23 December 2016.
  10. ↑ Robinowitz, Carolyn B. (October 2013). "Dilip V. Jeste, M.D., 139th President, 2012-2013". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 170 (10): 1108–9. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.1701003. PMID 24084817.
  11. ↑ Michels, Robert (October 2012). "John M. Oldham, M.D., M.S., 138th President, 2011–2012". American Journal of Psychiatry. 169 (10): 1030. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.1691003.
  12. ↑ Robinowitz, Carolyn B. (October 2011). "Carol A. Bernstein, 137th President, 2010–2011". American Journal of Psychiatry. 168 (10): 1029–1030. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.168.10.1029.
  13. ↑ Kupfer, David J. (October 2010). "Alan F. Schatzberg, M.D., 136th President, 2009-2010". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 167 (10): 1170–1171. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.167.10.1170. PMID 26649786.
  14. ↑ Yudofsky, Stuart C. (October 2009). "Nada Logan Stotland, M.D., 135th President, 2008-2009". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 166 (10): 1108–9. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.166.10.1108. PMID 19797443.
  15. ↑ Fink, Paul Jay (October 2008). "Carolyn Robinowitz, M.D., 134th President, 2007–2008". American Journal of Psychiatry. 165 (10): 1271. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.165.10.1271.
  16. ↑ McIntyre, John S. (October 2007). "Pedro Ruiz, M.D., 133rd President, 2006-2007". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 164 (10): 1513–4. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.164.10.1513. PMID 17898341.
  17. ↑ Roth, Sheldon (October 2006). "Steven S. Sharfstein, M.D., M.P.A., 132nd President, 2005–2006". American Journal of Psychiatry. 163 (10): 1719. doi:10.1176/ajp.2006.163.10.1719.
  18. ↑ Greden, John F. (November 2005). "Michelle Riba, M.D., M.S., 131st President, 2004–2005". American Journal of Psychiatry. 162 (11): 2048. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.11.2048.
  19. ↑ Simpson, George M. (October 2004). "Marcia Kraft Goin, M.D., 130th President, 2003–2004". American Journal of Psychiatry. 161 (10): 1775. doi:10.1176/ajp.161.10.1775.
  20. ↑ Roth, Loren H. (October 2003). "Paul S. Appelbaum, M.D., 129th President, 2002-2003". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 160 (10): 1766–7. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.10.1766. PMID 14514488.
  21. ↑ Walker, R. Dale (October 2002). "Richard K. Harding, M.D., One Hundred Twenty-Eighth President, 2001–2002". American Journal of Psychiatry. 159 (10): 1641. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.159.10.1641.
  22. ↑ Sacks, Herbert S. (October 2001). "Daniel B. Borenstein, M.D., One Hundred Twenty-Ninth President, 2000–2001". American Journal of Psychiatry. 158 (10): 1603–1604. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.158.10.1603.
  23. ↑ "Allan Tasman, M.D., One Hundred Twenty-Eighth President, 1999–2000". American Journal of Psychiatry. 157 (11): 1771. November 2000. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.157.11.1771.
  24. ↑ McIntyre, John S. (October 1999). "Rodrigo A. Muñoz, M.D., One Hundred Twenty-Seventh President, 1998–1999". American Journal of Psychiatry. 156 (10): 1493–1494. doi:10.1176/ajp.156.10.1493.
  25. ↑ Mirin, Steven M. (November 1998). "Herbert S. Sacks, M.D., One Hundred Twenty-Sixth President, 1997–1998". American Journal of Psychiatry. 155 (11): 1484–1485. doi:10.1176/ajp.155.11.1484.
  26. ↑ Dickstein, Leah J. (September 1996). "Mary Jane England, M.D., One Hundred Twenty-Fourth President, 1995-1996". American Journal of Psychiatry. 153 (9): 1126–1127. doi:10.1176/ajp.153.9.1126.
  27. ↑ Sabshin, M. (September 1995). "Jerry M. Wiener, M.D., One Hundred Twenty-third President, 1994-1995". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 152 (9): 1254–5. doi:10.1176/ajp.152.9.1254. PMID 7653676.
  28. ↑ Sabshin, Melvin (September 1994). "John S. McIntyre, M.D., One Hundred Twenty-Second President, 1993-1994". American Journal of Psychiatry. 151 (9): 1265–1266. doi:10.1176/ajp.151.9.1265.
  29. ↑ Sabshin, M. (September 1993). "Joseph T. English, M.D., One Hundred Twenty-first President, 1992-1993". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 150 (9): 1302–4. doi:10.1176/ajp.150.9.1302. PMID 8352339.
  30. ↑ Sabshin, M. (September 1992). "Lawrence Hartmann, M.D., One Hundred Twentieth President, 1991-1992". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 149 (9): 1145–7. doi:10.1176/ajp.149.9.1145. PMID 1503126.
  31. ↑ Robinowitz, C.B. (September 1991). "Elissa P. Benedek, M.D., One Hundred Nineteenth President, 1990-1991". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 148 (9): 1135–7. doi:10.1176/ajp.148.9.1135. PMID 1882989.
  32. ↑ Brodie, H. Keith H. (September 1990). "Herbert Pardes, M.D., One Hundred Eighteenth President, 1989-4990". American Journal of Psychiatry. 147 (9): 1126–1127. doi:10.1176/ajp.147.9.1126.
  33. ↑ Robinowitz, C.B. (September 1989). "Paul J. Fink, M.D., One Hundred Seventeenth President, 1988-1989". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 146 (9): 1112–4. doi:10.1176/ajp.146.9.1112. PMID 2669533.
  34. ↑ Sabshin, M (September 1988). "George H. Pollock, M.D., Ph.D., One Hundred Sixteenth President, 1987-1988: American Psychiatric Association". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 145 (9): 1068–9. doi:10.1176/ajp.145.9.1068. PMID 3046379.
  35. ↑ Brill, N.Q. (August 1987). "Robert O. Pasnau, M.D., One Hundred Fifteenth President, 1986-1987: American Psychiatric Association". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 144 (8): 986–8. doi:10.1176/ajp.144.8.986. PMID 3300379.
  36. ↑ Nadelson, T (August 1986). "Carol C. Nadelson, M.D., one hundred fourteenth president, 1985–1986, American Psychiatric Association". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 143 (8): 959–61. doi:10.1176/ajp.143.8.959. PMID 3524277. (Subscription required (help)).
  37. 1 2 "Carol Cooperman Nadelson". Changing the Face of Medicine. U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3 June 2015.
  38. ↑ Sabshin, Melvin (September 1985). "John A. Talbott, M.D. One hundred thirteenth President, 1984-1985". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 142 (9): 1014–6. doi:10.1176/ajp.142.9.1014. PMID 3895986. (Subscription required (help)).
  39. ↑ Sabshin, M (August 1984). "George Tarjan, M.D., One Hundred Twelfth President, 1983-1984". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 141 (8): 931–4. doi:10.1176/ajp.141.8.931. PMID 6380318.
  40. ↑ Astrachan, B.M. (September 1982). "Daniel X. Freedman, M.D., One Hundred and Tenth President, 1981-1982". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 139 (9): 1096–1101. doi:10.1176/ajp.139.9.1096. PMID 7051867.
  41. ↑ Barter, J.T. (August 1981). "Donald G. Langsley, M.D., One Hundred and Ninth President, 1980-1981". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 138 (8): 1021–6. doi:10.1176/ajp.138.8.1021. PMID 7020436.
  42. ↑ Onesti, S.J. (August 1980). "Alan A. Stone, M.D., One Hundred and Eighth President, 1979-1980". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 137 (8): 895–9. doi:10.1176/ajp.137.8.895. PMID 6998305.
  43. ↑ Visotsky, H.M. (August 1979). "Jules H. Masserman, M.D., One Hundred and Seventh President, 1978-1979". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 136 (8): 1023–5. doi:10.1176/ajp.136.8.1023. PMID 380366.
  44. ↑ Stone, A.A. (August 1978). "Jack Weinberg, M.D., One Hundred and Sixth President, 1977-1978". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 135 (8): 904–6. doi:10.1176/ajp.135.8.904. PMID 352162.
  45. ↑ Garber, R.S. (July 1977). "Robert W. Gibson, M.D., One Hundred and Fifth President, 1976-1977". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 134 (7): 731–5. doi:10.1176/ajp.134.7.731. PMID 326062.
  46. ↑ Sabshin, M (July 1976). "Judd Marmor, M.D., One Hundred and Fourth President, 1975-1976". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 133 (7): 748–51. doi:10.1176/ajp.133.7.748. PMID 779496.
  47. ↑ Weinberg, Jack (July 1975). "John P. Spiegel, M.D., One hundred and third president, 1974-1975". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 132 (7): 700–2. doi:10.1176/ajp.132.7.700. PMID 1094840. (Subscription required (help)).
  48. ↑ Eisenberg, Leon (July 1974). "Alfred M. Freedman, M.D., One Hundred and Second President, 1973-1974". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 131 (7): 757–60. doi:10.1176/ajp.131.7.757. PMID 4600628.
  49. ↑ Grims, William (21 April 2011). "Alfred Freedman, a Leader in Psychiatry, Dies at 94". The New York Times (New York ed.). p. A25.
  50. ↑ Brosin, Henry W. (July 1973). "Perry Clement Talkington, M.D., One Hundred and First President, 1972-1973". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 130 (7): 750–3. doi:10.1176/ajp.130.7.750. PMID 4576448.
  51. ↑ Barton, Walter E. (July 1972). "Ewald William Busse, M.D., One Hundredth President, 1971-1972". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 129 (1): 12–6. doi:10.1176/ajp.129.1.12. PMID 4556086.
  52. ↑ Barton, Walter E. (July 1971). "Robert Slocum Garber, M.D., Ninety-ninth President, 1970-1971". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 128 (1): 14–8. doi:10.1176/ajp.128.1.14. PMID 4949649.
  53. 1 2 3 Koltes, John A. (January 1989). "Chapter 29: Department of Psychiatry" (PDF). In Wagner, Frederick B., Jr. Thomas Jefferson University: Tradition and Heritage. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger. pp. 477–496. ISBN 978-0-8121-1210-8. OCLC 18442391 – via Jefferson Digital Commons.
  54. ↑ Bartemeier, Leo H. (July 1970). "Raymond Walter Waggoner, Sr., M.D., Ninety-eighth President, 1969-1970". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 127 (1): 11–4. doi:10.1176/ajp.127.1.11. PMID 4913139.
  55. ↑ Braceland, Francis J. (July 1969). "Lawrence Coleman Kolb, M.D., Ninety-seventh President, 1968-1969". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 126 (1): 13–20. doi:10.1176/ajp.126.1.13. PMID 4894787.
  56. ↑ Gerty, Francis J. (July 1967). "Harvey John Tompkins, M.D., Ninety-fifth President, 1966-1967". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 124 (1): 9–15. doi:10.1176/ajp.124.1.9. PMID 5338022.
  57. ↑ Braceland, Francis J. (July 1966). "Howard Phillips Rome, M.D., Ninety-fourth President, 1965-1966". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 123 (1): 13–20. doi:10.1176/ajp.123.1.13. PMID 5327453.
  58. ↑ Appel, Kenneth E. (July 1965). "Daniel Blain, M.D. Ninety-third President, 1964-65: A Biographical Sketch". American Journal of Psychiatry. 122 (1): 16–23. doi:10.1176/ajp.122.1.16.
  59. ↑ Ozarin, Lucy (December 1999). "Daniel Blain: Founder of This Journal". Psychiatric Services. 50 (12): 1564. doi:10.1176/ps.50.12.1563. PMID 10577873.
  60. ↑ Braceland, Francis J. (July 1964). "Jack Richard Ewalt 92nd President: A Biographical Sketch". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 121 (1): 9–16. doi:10.1176/ajp.121.1.9. PMID 14154796.
  61. ↑ Malamud, William (July 1963). "C.H. Hardin Branch, M.D., Eighty-ninth President 1962-1963: A Biographical Sketch". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 120 (1): 12–5. doi:10.1176/ajp.120.1.12. PMID 13932434.
  62. ↑ Alexander, Leo (July 1962). "Walter E. Barton: Ninetieth President, 1961-1962 A Biographical Sketch". American Journal of Psychiatry. 119 (1): 16–19. doi:10.1176/ajp.119.1.16. PMID 14036672.
  63. ↑ Braceland, Francis J. (July 1961). "Robert Hanna Felix: Eighty-Ninth President, 1960-61 A Biographical Sketch". American Journal of Psychiatry. 118 (1): 9–14. doi:10.1176/ajp.118.1.9.
  64. ↑ Alpers, Bernard J. (July 1960). "Dr. William Malamud: Eighty-sixth President—1959-1960: A Biographical Sketch". American Journal of Psychiatry. 117 (1): 11–14. doi:10.1176/ajp.117.1.11.
  65. ↑ Braceland, Francis J. (July 1959). "Francis J. Gerty, Eighty-fifth President, 1958-1959: A Biographical Sketch". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 116 (1): 11–5. doi:10.1176/ajp.116.1.11. PMID 13661441.
  66. ↑ Sleeper, Francis H. (July 1958). "Harry Caesar Solomon, M.D., President, American Psychiatric Association, 1957-58: A Biographical Sketch". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 115 (1): 10–3. doi:10.1176/ajp.115.1.10. PMID 13545387.
  67. ↑ Rome, Howard P. (July 1957). "Francis J. Braceland, M.D., Eighty-Third President, 1956-1957: A Biographical Sketch". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 114 (1): 10–3. doi:10.1176/ajp.114.1.10. PMID 13424745.
  68. ↑ Barrett, Joseph E. (July 1956). "R. Finley Gayle, Jr., M.D., President, 1955-56: A Biographical Sketch". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 113 (1): 8–9. doi:10.1176/ajp.113.1.8. PMID 13327063.
  69. ↑ Bookhammer, Robert S. (July 1955). "Arthur Percy Noyes, M.D., President 1954-1955: A Biographical Sketch". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 112 (1): 8–10. doi:10.1176/ajp.112.1.8. PMID 14376666.
  70. ↑ Zilboorg, Gregory (July 1953). "D. Ewen Cameron M.D., President, 1952-1953: A Biographical Sketch". American Journal of Psychiatry. 110 (1): 10–12. doi:10.1176/ajp.110.1.10.
  71. ↑ Brosin, Henry W. (July 1952). "Leo H. Bartemeier, M.D., President, 1951-1952: A Biographical Sketch". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 109 (1): 8–10. doi:10.1176/ajp.109.1.8. PMID 14923916.
  72. ↑ Brosin, Henry W. (July 1951). "John C. Whitehorn, M.D. President, 1950-1951: A Biographical Sketch". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 108 (1): 7–9. doi:10.1176/ajp.108.1.7. PMID 14838157.
  73. ↑ Preston, George H. (July 1950). "George S. Stevenson, M.D: President 1949-1950: A Biographical Sketch". American Journal of Psychiatry. 107 (1): 6–7. doi:10.1176/ajp.107.1.6. PMID 15419327.
  74. ↑ Brosin, Henry W. (July 1949). "William C. Menninger, M.D., President 1948-1949: A Biographical Sketch". American Journal of Psychiatry. 106 (1): 13–15. doi:10.1176/ajp.106.1.13.
  75. ↑ Shorter, Edward (2005). "Menninger Family: William Claire Menninger". A Historical Dictionary of Psychiatry. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 176. ISBN 978-0-19-517668-1. OCLC 65200006.
  76. ↑ Moore, Merrill (July 1948). "Winpred Overholser, M.D., Sc.D: President 1947-1948: A Biographical Sketch". American Journal of Psychiatry. 105 (1): 10–14. doi:10.1176/ajp.105.1.10.
  77. ↑ Brill, A.A. (July 1947). "Samuel W. Hamilton: President 1946-1947: A Psychiatric Profile". American Journal of Psychiatry. 104 (1): 13–15. doi:10.1176/ajp.104.1.13.
  78. ↑ Solomon, Harry C. (July 1946). "Karl Murdock Bowman, M.D., President 1944-1946 A Biographical Sketch". American Journal of Psychiatry. 103 (1): 18–20. doi:10.1176/ajp.103.1.18.
  79. ↑ Smith, Lauren H. (July 1944). "Edward A. Strecker, M.D: President 1943-1944 A Biographical Sketch". American Journal of Psychiatry. 101 (1): 9–11. doi:10.1176/ajp.101.1.9.
  80. ↑ Chapman, Ross McC. (July 1943). "Arthur Hiler Ruggles, M.D: President 1942-1943 A Biographical Sketch". American Journal of Psychiatry. 100 (1): 9–10. doi:10.1176/ajp.100.1.9.
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  85. ↑ Tiffany, William J. (July 1938). "Ross McClure Chapman, M.D. President, 1937-38: A Biographical Sketch". American Journal of Psychiatry. 95 (1): 15–17. doi:10.1176/ajp.95.1.15.
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