Political parties in Russia

This article is part of a series on the
Politics of the
Russian Federation

This article discusses political parties in Russia.

The Russian Federation has a multi-party system. As of 2018 six parties have members in the federal parliament, the State Duma, with one dominant party (United Russia).

After the Perestroika reforms in the 1980s Russia had over 100 registered parties, but the people elected to the State Duma represented only a small number of parties. After 2000, during Vladimir Putin's first presidency (2000-2008), the number of parties quickly decreased. From 2008 to 2012 there were only seven parties in Russia, and every new attempt to register new, independent parties was blocked. The last-registered party of this period was the government-organized Right Cause (registered on 18 February 2009). Before the 2011 parliamentary elections, about 10 opposition parties were denied registration. However, after a series of mass protests and a 2011 European Court decision on the case of the Republican Party of Russia, the law changed and the number of registered parties quickly increased to more than 48 as of December 2012.

History

Party of power

In Russian politics, a "party of power" is a specially established party which unconditionally supports the current president or prime minister in the parliament.

These parties have been considered parties of power:

Legislation

Certificate of state registration of political parties in Russia, issued by the Ministry of Justice of Russia

Social composition of voters

According to studies, United Russia voters in 2007 were younger and more market-oriented than the average voter. The party's electorate includes a substantial share of government employees, pensioners and military personnel, who are dependent on the state for their livelihood.[1] Sixty-four percent of United Russia supporters are female. According to researchers, this could be because women place a great value on stability. In the run-up to the 2011 Duma elections, it was reported that support for United Russia was growing among young people.[2]

Registered parties

All parties registered by the Ministry of Justice have the right to participate in any elections all over the country. The list is placed on the Justice Ministry website. In December 2012, there were 48 registered parties in Russia; 6 of them are currently represented in the State Duma as of 2017.

Currently represented in the State Duma

Currently represented in regional parliaments

All currently registered parties

[3] Name (Russian name) Abbr. Ideology Affiliations Position Leader(s) Created Registration
1 United Russia
(Единая Россия)
ER (ЕР) Statism
Conservatism (self-proclaimed)
All-Russia People's Front Centre-right Dmitry Medvedev,
Vladimir Putin,
Sergey Neverov
2001 2003
2 Communist Party of the Russian Federation
(Коммунистическая партия Российской Федерации)
CPRF, KPRF (КПРФ) Communism, Marxism–Leninism Union of Communist Parties – Communist Party of the Soviet Union,
International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties
Far-left Gennady Zyuganov 1990 2002
3 Liberal Democratic Party of Russia
(Либерально-Демократическая Партия России)
LDPR (ЛДПР) Russian ultranationalism, Pan-Slavism, Imperialism, Mixed economy Liberal Democratic Party (Belarus),
Liberal Democratic Party of Pridnestrovie,
National Front (France)[4]
Far-right Vladimir Zhirinovsky 1992 2002
4 Patriots of Russia
(Патриоты России)
Social democracy, Democratic Socialism, Left-wing nationalism All-Russia People's Front Left Gennady Semigin 2005 2003
5 Russian United Democratic Party "Yabloko"
(Российская объединенная демократическая партия «Яблоко»)
Social liberalism, Environmentalism Liberal International,
Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party
Centre-left Sergey Mitrokhin,
Grigory Yavlinsky,
Emilia Slabunova
1995 2003
6 A Just Russia
(Справедливая Россия)
СР Social democracy, Democratic socialism Socialist International Centre-left Nikolai Levichev,
Sergey Mironov
2006 2002
7 Party of Growth
(Партия Роста)
ПР Conservatism/Liberal conservatism, Russian nationalism and patriotism elements International Democrat Union (suspended) Right Andrei Dunaev 2008 2009
8 Republican Party of Russia – People's Freedom Party
(Республиканская партия России — Партия народной свободы)
RPR-PARNAS (РПР-ПАРНАС) Liberalism, Liberal democratic, Federalism, Human rights Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party (partly) Centre-right Vladimir Ryzhkov,
Mikhail Kasyanov,
Boris Nemtsov (until his death in 2015)
1990 2002
9 Democratic Party of Russia
(Демократическая партия России)
ДПР Conservatism Centre-right Timur Bogdanov 1990 2012
10 People's Party for the Women of Russia
(Народная партия «За женщин России»)
Neoconservatism Galina Khavrayeva 2012
11 Alliance of Greens and Social Democrats
(Альянс зелёных и социал-демократов)
Green politics, Liberalism European Green Party Centre-left Gleb Fetisov
Oleg Mitvol
2012
12 Union Towns People
(Союз Горожан)
СГ Dmitry Popkov 2012
13 People's Party of Russia
(Народная партия России)
НПР Centrism Stanislav Aranovich 2012
14 Social Democratic Party of Russia
(Социал-демократическая партия России)
СДПР Social democracy Viktor Militaryov 2012 2012
15 Communist Party of Social Justice
(Коммунистическая партия социальной справедливости)
КПСС Socialism Far-left Andrei Bogdanov 2012
16 Party of Pensioners' of Russia
(Партия пенсионеров России)
ППР Nikolay Chebotaryov 2012
17 Cities of Russia
(Города России)
ГРОСС Yury Babak 2012
18 Young Russia
(Молодая Россия)
МОЛРОСС Nikolay Stolyarchuk 2012
19 New Russia
(Новая Россия)
Social liberalism Vyacheslav Grishin 2012
20 Party of Free Citizens
(Партия свободных граждан)
ПСГ Constitutionalism Pavel Sklyanchuk 2012
21 Russian Ecological Party "The Greens"
(Российская экологическая партия «Зелёные»)
РЭП Зелёные Environmentalism, Centrism, Green politics Centre-left Anatoly Panfilov 1993 2012
22 Communists of Russia
(Коммунисты России)
КОМРОС Marxism−Leninism Far-left Maksim Suraykin 2009 2012
23 Agrarian Party of Russia
(Аграрная партия России)
АПР Agrarian socialism, Social conservatism Centre-left Olga Bashmachnikova
Vladimir Plotnikov
1993 2012
24 Russian All-People's Union
(Российский общенародный союз)
РОС Russian nationalism, Patriotism, Conservatism, partly socialism Right Sergey Baburin 1991 2012
25 Party for Justice
(Партия за справедливость)
ПАРЗАС 2012
26 Political Party of Social Protection
(Политическая партия социальной защиты)
2012
27 Civilian Power
(Гражданская сила)
Liberalism, Green politics Centre-left Alexandr Ryavkin 2007 2012
28 Russian Party of Pensioners for Justice
(Российская партия пенсионеров за справедливость)
РППС Social conservatism Centre-right Igor Zotov 1997 2012
29 Smart Russia
(Умная Россия)
РОСУМ Civil nationalism Nikita Borovikov,
Vasily Yakemenko
2012
30 People's Alliance
(Народный Альянс)
Patriotism Progress Party Centre-right 2012
31 Monarchist Party
(Монархическая партия)
Monarchism Anton Bakov 2012
32 Party of Peace and Unity
(Российская политическая Партия Мира и Единства)
ПМЕ Democratic socialism Patriots of Russia Centre-left Sazhi Umalatova 1996 2012
33 Civic Platform
(Гражданская платформа)
Liberal conservatism, Economic liberalism Centre-right Mikhail Prokhorov 2012 2012
34 Honest/Man. Justice. Responsibility (Party)
(ЧЕСТНО/Человек. Справедливость. Ответственность)
Sergey Zamuruev 2012
35 Taxpayers Party of Russia
(Партия налогоплательщиков России)
ПНР Yevgeny Sivkov 2012
36 Democratic Choice
(Демократический выбор)
ДВ National liberalism, Liberal conservatism, Civil nationalism Left Vladimir Milov 2010 2012
37 Party of Will
(Партия Воля)
Narodnik, Democratic socialism, Left conservatism Left Svetlana Peunova 2007 2012
38 Labor Party of Russia
(Трудовая партия России)
Liberalism, Social conservatism Sergey Vostretsov 2012 2012
39 Against All
(Партия ПРОТИВ ВСЕХ)
Liberal conservatism Pavel Mihalchenkov 2012
40 Russian Socialist Party
(Российская Социалистическая партия)
Socialism Left Sergey Cherkashin 2012 2012
41 Party of Spiritual Transfiguration of Russia
(Партия Духовного Преображения России)
ПДПР Inna Bozhko 2012 2012
42 Party of Veterans of Russia
(Партия ветеранов России)
ПВР Patriotism, Social conservatism 2012
43 Russian United Labour Front
(Российский Объединённый Трудовой Фронт)
ROT Front (РОТ Фронт) Marxism−Leninism, Socialism Far-left Viktor Tyulkin 2010 2012
44 Party Action
(Партия дела)
Centre-right Konstantin Babkin 2012
45 Party of National Security of Russia
(Партия Национальной безопасности России)
ПНБР Alexandr Fedulov 2012
46 Rodina
(Родина)
All-Russia People's Front Left Aleksey Zhuravlyov 2012
47 Union of Labor
(Союз Труда)
Alexandr Shershukov 2012
48 Russian Party of People's Administration
(Российская партия народного управления)
Albert Mukhamedyarov 2012
49 Women's Dialogue
(Женский Диалог)
Yelena Semerikova 2012
50 Born in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
(Рожденные в Союзе Советских Социалистических Республик)
Communism Far-left 2013
51 Party of Renaissance of Villages
(Партия Возрождения Села)
2013
52 Defenders of the Fatherland
(Защитники Отечества)
Nikolay Sobolev 2013
53 Cossack's Party of the Russian Federation
(Казачья партия Российской Федерации)
КаПРФ Sergey Bondaryov 2013
54 Development of Russia
(Развитие России)
Aleksey Kaminskiy 2013
55 United Agro-Industrial Party of Russia
(Объединенная аграрно-промышленная партия России)
2013
56 Democratic Legal Russia
(Демократическая правовая Россия)
Igor Trunov 2013
57 Party of Social Solidarity
(Партия Социальной Солидарности)
Alexandr Voznesenskiy 2013
58 Dignity Party
(Партия ДОСТОИНСТВО)
Stanislav Bychinskiy 2013
59 Great Fatherland
(Великое Отечество)
ПВО Conservatism, Patriotism Right Nikolai Starikov,
Igor Ashmanov
2012 2013
60 Russian Party of Gardeners
(Российская партия садоводов)
Left Igor Kasyanov 2013
61 Civil Position
(Гражданская Позиция)
Social liberalism Left Dmitry Chirov 2012
62 Civic Initiative
(Гражданская инициатива)
Democracy, Liberalism Left Andrey Nechaev 2013
63 Party of Russia's Rebirth
(Партия Возрождения России)
Socialism, Social state Left Gennadiy Seleznyov
Viktor Arkhipov
2013
64 National Course
(Национальный курс)
Andrey Kovalenko 2013
65 Automotive Russia
(Автомобильная Россия)
Elena Fanaeva 2013
66 The People Against Corruption
(Народ Против Коррупции)
Anti-corruption 2013
67 Native Party
(Родная Партия)
2013
68 Party of Protection of Business and Entrepreneurship
(Партия защиты бизнеса и предпринимательства)
2013
69 Sports Party Russian Healthy Forces
(Спортивная партия России «ЗДОРОВЫЕ СИЛЫ»)
2013
70 Man's Labor Party
(Партия Человека Труда)
2014
71 Progress Party
(Партия Прогресса)
Nikolay Pakin 2012 2012
72 Party of Social Reform
(Партия Социальных Реформ)
73 International Party of Russia
(Интернациональная партия России)
2014
74 United Party of People With Limited Working Capacity of Russia
(Объединённая партия людей ограниченной трудоспособности России)
2014
75 Good Deeds, Protection of Children, Women, Freedom, Nature and Retirees
(Добрых дел, защиты детей, женщин, свободы, природы и пенсионеров)
2014
76 Revival of Agrarian Russia
(Возрождение аграрной России)
Agrarian socialism, Social conservatism Centre-left 2015

Parties without official registration

Active unregistered parties

Historical parties (1992–present)

partiya "Zyelyonyye")

Banned parties in Russia

Soviet parties 1917-1992

Parties of the Russian Empire 1721–1917

Other historical parties

See also

Further reading

  • Gel′man, Vladimir (2013). Party Politics in Russia: From Competition to Hierarchy. Politics In Russia: A Reader. CQ Press. pp. 273–289.
  • Hale, Henry E. (2006). Why Not Parties in Russia?: Democracy, Federalism, and the State. Cambridge University Press.
  • Smyth, Regina (2012). Political parties. Routledge Handbook of Russian Politics and Society. Routledge. pp. 115–128.
  • White, Stephen (2013). Russia's Client Party System. Politics In Russia: A Reader. CQ Press. pp. 306–330.

References

  1. "Russia Analytical Digest" (PDF) (102). University of Basel, Center for Security Studies Zürich, Forschungsstelle Osteuropa Bremen. 26 November 2011: 2–6. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 May 2012.
  2. Yevgeny Utkin. Seven parties, one virtually certain outcome Russia Beyond the Headlines. (2011-11-23)
  3. http://minjust.ru/nko/gosreg/partii/spisok
  4. Владимир Жириновский: "Марин Ле Пен <...> мы поздравили. Это Национальный Фронт нам наиболее близок. Мы сотрудничаем, встречаемся. Они к нам приезжали. Мы к ним. Нельзя сказать, что теплые отношения, но с другими у нас просто нет..."
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