Placostylus ambagiosus

Placostylus ambagiosus
A shell of the subspecies Placostylus ambagiosus priscus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
(unranked): clade Heterobranchia

clade Euthyneura
clade Panpulmonata
clade Eupulmonata
clade Stylommatophora
informal group Sigmurethra

Superfamily: Orthalicoidea
Family: Bothriembryontidae
Subfamily: Placostylinae
Genus: Placostylus
Species: P. ambagiosus
Binomial name
Placostylus ambagiosus

Placostylus ambagiosus is a species of flax snail (Māori: pupuharakeke), a large air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Bothriembryontidae.

Description

This snail has a large (60–95 millimetres or 2.4–3.7 inches long) shell, which is heavily calcified.

Distribution

This land snail species occurs in New Zealand. It is restricted to a small fragmented area of Northland Region, including the Aupouri Peninsula and Motuopao Island.[4]

Hypothetical subspecies

In 2011, Buckley et al.[5] established, based on molecular phylogeny research and shell morphology research, that there are in fact no subspecies of Placostylus ambagiosus.[5] However, in the past, what were thought to be eight extant subspecies and a number of undescribed but distinct populations were named;[4] 6 of these "subspecies" are now extinct[6] (marked with a †); conservation statuses were given according to the New Zealand Threat Classification System for the extant taxa: "nationally critical" and "nationally endangered":[7]

  • Placostylus ambagiosus "Herangi Hill" †
  • Placostylus ambagiosus "nouvelle" - nationally endangered
  • Placostylus ambagiosus "Haupatoto" - nationally critical
  • Placostylus ambagiosus "Kauaetewhakapeke Stream" - nationally critical
  • Placostylus ambagiosus "Kohuronaki" - nationally critical
  • Placostylus ambagiosus "Poroiki" - nationally critical
  • Placostylus ambagiosus "Te Paki" - nationally endangered
  • Placostylus ambagiosus "Tirikawa" - nationally critical
  • Placostylus ambagiosus ambagiosus Suter, 1906 - nationally critical
  • Placostylus ambagiosus annectens Powell, 1938 2
  • Placostylus ambagiosus consobrinus Powell, 1938 - nationally critical
  • Placostylus ambagiosus gardneri †
  • Placostylus ambagiosus hancoxi 1
  • Placostylus ambagiosus hinemoa †
  • Placostylus ambagiosus keenorum Powell, 1938 - nationally endangered
  • Placostylus ambagiosus lesleyae †
  • Placostylus ambagiosus michiei Powell, 1951 - nationally endangered
  • Placostylus ambagiosus pandora Powell, 1951 - nationally critical
  • Placostylus ambagiosus paraspiritus Powell, 1951 - nationally endangered
  • Placostylus ambagiosus priscus †
  • Placostylus ambagiosus spiritus †
  • Placostylus ambagiosus watti Powell, 1947 - nationally critical
  • Placostylus ambagiosus whareana Powell, 1951 - nationally critical
  • Placostylus ambagiosus worthyi †

References

  1. ↑ Sherley, G. (1996). "Placostylus ambagiosus". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. 1996: e.T17444A7072200. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T17444A7072200.en. Retrieved 27 December 2017.
  2. ↑ Suter H. (1906). J. de Conch. 54: 253, plate 8, figure 1-3.
  3. ↑ "Object: Placostylus ambagiosus Suter, 1907; lectotype; lectotype of Placostylus hongii ambagiosus Suter, 1907". Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa. Retrieved February 5, 2010.
  4. 1 2 I. A. N. Stringer & E. A. Grant (2007). Captive rearing and biology of the endangered giant land snails Placostylus ambagiosus and P. hongii (Pulmonata: Bulimulidae) (PDF). DOC Research & Development Series 279. Department of Conservation. ISBN 978-0-478-14288-4.
  5. 1 2 Buckley T. R., Stringer I., Gleeson D., Howitt R., Attanayake D., Parrish R., Sherley G. & Rohan M. (2011). "A revision of the New Zealand Placostylus land snails using mitochondrial DNA and shell morphometric analyses, with implications for conservation". New Zealand Journal of Zoology 38(1): 55-81. doi:10.1080/03014223.2010.527997.
  6. ↑ "Extinct Species of New Zealand". Natural Heritage Collection. Retrieved February 5, 2010.
  7. ↑ "Terrestrial invertebrate - part one". New Zealand Threat Classification System. Department of Conservation. 2002.

Further reading

  • Powell A. W. B. (1979). New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand, ISBN 0-00-216906-1.
  • Suter H. (1913). Manual of the New Zealand Mollusca. Wellington, 1120 pp., page 768.
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