Petrocaribe

Petrocaribe S.A.
Public
Industry Oil
Founded June, 2005
Headquarters ?
Products Oil
Revenue Increase USD/$ ? billion (2006)
Increase USD/$ ? billion (2006)
Decrease USD/$ ? billion (2006)
Parent PDVSA
Website www.petrocaribe.org
  Venezuela
  Petrocaribe members and CARICOM members
  Petrocaribe members not part of CARICOM
  CARICOM members not part of Petrocaribe

Petrocaribe is an oil alliance of many Caribbean states with Venezuela to purchase oil on conditions of preferential payment. The alliance was launched on 29 June 2005 in Puerto La Cruz, Venezuela. In 2013 Petrocaribe agreed links with the Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas (ALBA), to go beyond oil and promote economic cooperation.[1]

Treaty details

The agreement was initiated with the aim of having solidarity with other countries in accordance with ALBA. The payment system allows for purchase of oil at market value for 5%-50% up front with a grace period of one to two years; the remainder can be paid through a 17-25 year financing agreement with 1% interest if oil prices are above US$40 per barrel. The agreement builds on payment terms from the San Jose Agreement and the Caracas Energy Accord.[2] Energy and Petroleum Minister and President of PDVSA Rafael Ramírez said of the deal that it seeks to cut out the middleman in such transactions: "We're not talking about discounts...We're talking about financial facilities, direct deliveries of products, [and] infrastructure."[3]

Membership

ChileParaguayArgentinaUruguayPeruBrazilBarbadosTrinidad and TobagoColombiaGuyanaSurinameJamaicaBoliviaEcuadorVenezuelaCubaDominicaAntigua and BarbudaMontserratSaint Vincent and the GrenadinesSaint LuciaNicaraguaBelizeGrenadaSaint Kitts and NevisCanadaMexicoPanamaUnited StatesHondurasEl SalvadorBahamasHaitiGuatemalaCosta RicaDominican RepublicInter-American Treaty of Reciprocal AssistanceCommunity of Latin American and Caribbean StatesLatin American Economic SystemUnion of South American NationsAmazon Cooperation Treaty OrganizationAndean CommunityMercosurCaribbean CommunityPacific AllianceALBACentral American Integration SystemCentral American ParliamentOrganisation of Eastern Caribbean StatesLatin American Integration AssociationCentral America-4 Border Control AgreementNorth American Free Trade AgreementAssociation of Caribbean StatesOrganization of American StatesPetrocaribeCARICOM Single Market and Economy
A clickable Euler diagram showing the relationships between various multinational organisations in the Americas.v • d • e

There are a total of 17 members; 12 of the members are from the 15 member CARICOM (excluding, Barbados, Montserrat and Trinidad and Tobago). At the first summit, 14 countries joined the alliance. These were: Antigua and Barbuda, the Bahamas, Belize, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, St Lucia, St Kitts and Nevis, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname and Venezuela. At the third summit, Haití and Nicaragua joined the union.[2] Guatemala joined in July 2008 but left the organization in November 2013 stating that Venezuela had not provided them with the ultra-low financing rates that they had been promised.[4]

Haiti had not been initially invited to the talks, since Venezuela did not recognize its then post-Jean-Bertrand Aristide government. The country finally joined the alliance in April 2006, once the newly elected president René Préval took office. Honduras became the 17th member of the alliance in December 2007, under President Manuel Zelaya but left the organization after the 2009 coup d'état and later rejoined it on May 2012.[5] Belize set up the Belize Petroleum Energy Company to coordinate for the project.[6]

Non-members

Barbados denied that it had succumbed to pressure from the United States, who had a strained relationship with Venezuela, as the reason, but has not ruled out agreeing to Petrocaribe in the future. On August 31, 2005, Energy Minister Anthony Wood said that they are weighing options over signing Petrocaribe.[6] In April 2011 Hugo Chávez renewed his offer for Barbados to join PetroCaribe.[7]

Panama applied for membership on March 3, 2009[8] and initially said it would continue to join PetroCaribe under the new president,[9] but Panama remains a non-member.

Summits

The first summit, which launched the project was held in Puerto La Cruz, Venezuela.[2] The second summit of Petrocaribe was held in Montego Bay, Jamaica.[6] The third summit was held in Caracas, Venezuela and the fourth summit was held in Cienfuegos, Cuba in December 2007.[2] Seventh summit was held in Caracas, at 6 April 2013. Honduras membership was revived after suspension because of coup in 2009 and Guatemala became official new member of Petrocaribe. Summit also propose deeper cooperation between Petrocaribe states and states of ALBA on basis of new economic zone. Summit had discussion also about tourism, air traffic and food security.The 11th Summit was hosted by Haiti in Port-au-Prince by the invitation of the Martelly/Lamothe administration, this was the first Petrocaribe Summit after the death of former Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez who started the Petrocaribe economic initiative after his death from cancer related illnesses. The Venezuelan delegation included his successor President Maduro who agrees to continue the programs of former President Hugo Chávez.

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Venezuelanalysis.com, 6 April 2013, Petrocaribe Meets in Venezuela, Links With ALBA
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Google Translate". Translate.google.com. Retrieved 26 August 2018.
  3. ↑ "PetroCaribe: Chávez's Venturesome Solution to the Caribbean Oil Crisis". Venezuelananalysis.com. 31 January 2006. Retrieved 26 August 2018.
  4. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-12-10. Retrieved 2013-12-03.
  5. ↑ "Oil Industry Professionals, Trading, Risk Management & Treasury, Settlement & Compliance - Platts". 4 June 2011. Archived from the original on 4 June 2011. Retrieved 26 August 2018.
  6. 1 2 3 "BBCCaribbean.com - News - Barbados will not sign Petrocaribe". Bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 26 August 2018.
  7. ↑ "Chavez wants Barbados to sign PetroCaribe". Nationnews.com. Retrieved 26 August 2018.
  8. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2014-03-28. Retrieved 2014-03-28.
  9. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2014-03-28. Retrieved 2014-03-28.
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