People's Anti-Imperialist Association

People's Anti-Imperialist Association
民众反帝联合会
Mínzhòng Fǎn Dì Liánhé Huì
President Sheng Shicai
Founder Sheng Shicai
Founded 1 August 1935 (1935-08-01)
Dissolved April 1942 (1942-04)
Headquarters Ürümqi, Xinjiang
Newspaper Anti-Imperialist War Front
Youth wing Sinkiang's Youth
Women's wing Sinkiang's Women
Membership (1939) 10,000
Ideology Six Great Policies
Political position Left-wing

People's Anti-Imperialist Association[lower-alpha 1] (Chinese: 民众反帝联合会; pinyin: Mínzhòng Fǎn Dì Liánhé Huì; Wade–Giles: Minchung Fan Ti Lienho Hui) was a political party in Xinjiang, China during the rule of Sheng Shicai, between 1935 and 1942.

History

The People's Anti-Imperialist Association was founded by Sheng Shicai in Ürümqi on 1 August 1935. The propaganda outlet of the Association was the Anti-Imperialist War Front. The Sinkiang's Youth and the Sinkiang's Women served as the Association's youth and women's wing respectively. The Association saw a large increase in membership. In 1935 it had 2,489 members, in 1937 the membership grew to 5,281, and in 1939 the Association's membership rose to 10,000.[4] The membership was nationally diverse, and included Han, Hui and various Turkic peoples.[5]

The ideology of the People's Anti-Imperialist Association were the "Six Great Policies", issued by Sheng in December 1934.[6] The Policies guaranteed his previously enacted "Great Eight-Point Manifesto"[7] and included "anti-imperialism, friendship with the Soviet Union, racial and national equality, clean government, peace and reconstruction".[7][6] Sheng referred to them as "a skillful, vital application of Marxism, Leninism, and Stalinism in the conditions of the feudal society of economically and culturally backward Sinkiang".[8] They served as the ideological basis of Sheng's rule.[9] With the proclamation of the Six Great Policies, Sheng adopted a new flag with a six-pointed star to represent these policies.[10]

With Sheng's rapprochement with the Central government, the Kuomintang spread throughout the province, replacing the People's Anti-Imperialist Association,[11] which was disbanded in April 1942.[12]

Notes

  1. ↑ Also referred to as "the Anti-Imperialist Federation,[1] "the Anti-Imperialist Society"[2] or "the Anti-Imperialist Union".[3]

Footnotes

References

Books

  • Brophy, David (2016). Uyghur Nation. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674660373.
  • Chaudhuri, Debasish (2016). "China's Policy in Xinjiang, 1948–78". In Warikoo, K. Xinjiang - China’s Northwest Frontier. Abingdon-on-Thames: Routledge. ISBN 9781317290292.
  • Clarke, Michael E. (2011). Xinjiang and China's Rise in Central Asia - A History. Abingdon-on-Thames: Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9781136827068.
  • Dallin, David J. (1948). Soviet Russia and the Far East. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0208009968.
  • Jacobs, Justin Matthew (2011). Empire besieged: the preservation of Chinese rule in Xinjiang, 1884–1971. San Diego, CA: University of California, San Diego. ISBN 9781124814070.
  • Mansfield, Mike (1945). "Outer Mongolia and Sinkiang". Congressional Record: Proceedings and Debates of the 79th Congress First Session. 91. Washington D. C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
  • Rahman, Anwar (2005). Sinicization Beyond the Great Wall: China's Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region. Kibworth Beauchamp: Troubador Publishing Ltd. ISBN 9781904744887.

Journals

  • Chan, F. Gilbert (1983). "Sheng Shih-ts'ai's reform programs in Sinkiang: idealism or opportunism?". Journal of Modern History. 12: 365–385.
  • De Cordier, Bruno (2016). "International aid, frontier securitization and social engineering: Soviet-Xinjiang development cooperation during the Governorate of Sheng Shicai (1933–44)". Central Asian Affairs. 3: 49–76.

Websites

  • Sheng, Shicai (1939). "Translation of a 4 January 1939 Letter of Governor Sheng Shicai to Cdes. Stalin, Molotov, and Voroshilov". Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. Retrieved 24 November 2017.
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