Ordu

Ordu
Metropolitan municipality
View of Ordu from Boztepe hill

Emblem of Ordu
Ordu
Location of Ordu within Turkey
Coordinates: 40°59′N 37°53′E / 40.983°N 37.883°E / 40.983; 37.883Coordinates: 40°59′N 37°53′E / 40.983°N 37.883°E / 40.983; 37.883
Country Turkey
Region Black Sea
Province Ordu
Government
 • Mayor Enver Yılmaz (AKP)
Area[1]
 • District 303.55 km2 (117.20 sq mi)
Elevation 5 m (16 ft)
Population (2012)[2]
 • Urban 147,913
 • District 186,000
 • District density 610/km2 (1,600/sq mi)
Time zone UTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST) UTC+3 (EEST)
Postal code 52xxx
Area code(s) 0452
Licence plate 52
Climate Cfa

Ordu (Turkish pronunciation: [ˈoɾdu]) is a port city on the Black Sea coast of Turkey, historically also known as Cotyora or Kotyora (Greek: Κοτύωρα), and the capital of Ordu Province with a population of 213,582 in the city center. The city is the world's largest hazelnut producer. While hazelnut is the main source of the economy, the city has developed small-sized industries and a rapidly growing tourism sector in recent years.

History

Ordu at Ottoman era
Ordu and view of mount Boztepe
Ordu and traditional houses
Ordu and traditional houses

In the 8th century BC, Cotyora (Κοτύωρα) was founded by the Miletians as one of a string of colonies along the Black Sea coast. Xenophon's Anabasis relates that the Ten Thousand rested there for 45 days before embarking for home.[3][4][5] Strabo also mentions it.[6] Under Pharnaces I of Pontus, Cotyora was united in a synoikismos with Cerasus.[3] Arrian, in the Periplus of the Euxine Sea (131 CE), describes it as a village "and not a large one."[7]

The area came under the control of the Danishmends, then the Seljuk Turks in 1214 and 1228, and the Hacıemiroğulları Beylik in 1346. Afterwards, it passed to the dominion of the Ottomans in 1461 along with the Empire of Trabzon.[8]

The modern city was founded by the Ottomans as Bayramlı near Eskipazar as a military outpost 5 km (3 mi) west of Ordu.

In 1869, the city's name was changed to Ordu and it was united with the districts of Bolaman, Perşembe, Ulubey, Hansamana (Gölköy), and Aybastı. At the turn of the 20th century, the city was more than half Christian (Greek and Armenian), and was known for its Greek schools.[5]

On 17 April 1920, Ordu province was created by separating from Trebizond Vilayet.[9]

Archaeology

In 2016, archaeologist discovered a marble statue of Cybele. In 2018, at the same site, they also discovered sculptures of Pan and Dionysus.[10]

Ordu today

Old city centre of Ordu
Ordu coast path on a sunny winter day
One of Ordu's ropeway cabin is named after the twinned town Batumi

The Sağra factory shop, selling many varieties of chocolate-covered hazelnuts, is one of the town's attractions.

The Boztepe aerial tramway is another popular attraction which is set to become a modern symbol for the city.

Local music is typical of the Black Sea region, including the kemençe. The cuisine is primarily based on local vegetables and includes both typical Turkish dishes — such as pide and kebab — and more interesting fare such as plain or caramel 'burnt ice-cream'.

Economy

As of 1920, Ordu was one of the few producers of white green beans, which were exported to Europe.[11] Ordu also had mulberry tree plantations for sericulture.[12]

The city is world's largest hazelnut producer and home to Turkey's 50% of hazelnut production. Today the city is the centre of a large hazelnut processing industry, including Sağra,[13] chocolate and hazelnut manufacturer and the largest hazelnut exporter in Turkey and Fiskobirlik,[14] the largest hazelnut co-operative brand in the world.

Places of interest

  • Paşaoğlu Konağı and Ethnographic museum - a ethnographic museum.
  • Taşbaşı Cultural Centre - a cultural centre
  • Boztepe - a hill of 550 m (1,800 ft) overlooking the town from the west. Since June 2012, an aerial lift system provides an easy way of transportation between the city's coastline and the hilltop. The Ordu Boztepe Gondola can transport hourly 900 passengers up to the hilltop in 6.5 minutes.[15][16]
  • Old Houses of Ordu in the old city center
  • Yalı Camii, also called Aziziye Camii - a mosque
  • Atik İbrahim Paşa Camii, also called Orta Cami - a mosque built in 1770
  • Eski Pazar Camii - a mosque with adjoining Turkish baths
  • Efirli Camii - a mosque

Sports

The city is the home of the Orduspor football club. Its base is the 19 Eylül Stadium in the heart of the city. Orduspor football team has played in the Super League of Turkey several seasons. The club also has a basketball team.

International relations

Twin towns — sister cities

Ordu is twinned with:

Climate

Ordu has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfa), like most of the eastern Black Sea coast of Turkey, with warm and humid summers and cool and damp winters. Ordu has a high and evenly distributed precipitation throughout the year. Precipitation is heaviest in autumn and spring.

Snowfall is quite common between the months of December and March, snowing for a week or two, and it can be heavy once it snows.

The water temperature, like in the rest of the Black Sea coast of Turkey, is always cool and fluctuates between 8 and 20 °C (46 and 68 °F) throughout the year.

Climate data for Ordu
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 10.9
(51.6)		 10.9
(51.6)		 12.0
(53.6)		 15.2
(59.4)		 19.8
(67.6)		 24.0
(75.2)		 26.7
(80.1)		 27.3
(81.1)		 24.3
(75.7)		 20.2
(68.4)		 16.4
(61.5)		 13.0
(55.4)		 18.4
(65.1)
Daily mean °C (°F) 6.8
(44.2)		 6.8
(44.2)		 8.0
(46.4)		 11.4
(52.5)		 15.7
(60.3)		 20.4
(68.7)		 23.0
(73.4)		 23.2
(73.8)		 20.0
(68)		 15.9
(60.6)		 11.8
(53.2)		 8.8
(47.8)		 14.3
(57.8)
Average low °C (°F) 3.8
(38.8)		 3.8
(38.8)		 5.1
(41.2)		 8.3
(46.9)		 12.4
(54.3)		 16.5
(61.7)		 19.4
(66.9)		 19.8
(67.6)		 16.7
(62.1)		 12.9
(55.2)		 8.7
(47.7)		 5.8
(42.4)		 11.1
(52)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 94.8
(3.732)		 78.7
(3.098)		 77.9
(3.067)		 69.6
(2.74)		 54.6
(2.15)		 75.9
(2.988)		 63.2
(2.488)		 68.5
(2.697)		 79.4
(3.126)		 133.4
(5.252)		 127.0
(5)		 112.1
(4.413)		 1,035.1
(40.751)
Average rainy days 14.1 13.9 15.3 14.7 13.2 11.1 9.6 9.8 11.9 14.2 13.1 14.5 155.4
Mean monthly sunshine hours 77.5 81.2 105.4 129 173.6 213 192.2 195.3 156 127.1 99 74.4 1,623.7
Source: Turkish State Meteorological Service[19]

People from Ordu

References

  1. ↑ "Area of regions (including lakes), km²". Regional Statistics Database. Turkish Statistical Institute. 2002. Retrieved 2013-03-05.
  2. ↑ "Population of province/district centers and towns/villages by districts - 2012". Address Based Population Registration System (ABPRS) Database. Turkish Statistical Institute. Retrieved 2013-02-27.
  3. 1 2 Olshausen, Eckart, "Cotyora" in Brill’s New Pauly, Antiquity doi:10.1163/1574-9347_bnp_e621460
  4. ↑ Anabasis V.5.3f
  5. 1 2 Encyclopedia Britannica Eleventh Edition, s.v. Ordu
  6. ↑ XII.3.17
  7. ↑ 16.3 Translated in Arrian: Periplus Ponti Euxini, edited and translated by Aidan Liddle (London: Bristol Classical Press, 2003), p. 75
  8. ↑
  9. ↑
  10. ↑ Dionysus, Pan sculptures found at site of 2,100-year-old goddess Kybele in northern Turkey
  11. ↑ Prothero, W.G. (1920). Armenia and Kurdistan. London: H.M. Stationery Office. p. 62.
  12. ↑ Prothero, W.G. (1920). Armenia and Kurdistan. London: H.M. Stationery Office. p. 64.
  13. ↑
  14. ↑ "Fiskobirlik Genel Müdürlüğü - Resmi İnternet Sitesi". Fiskobirlik.org. Retrieved 25 May 2015.
  15. ↑ "GD8 Ordu-Boztepe - References - Company - LEITNER ropeways". Leitner-ropeways.com. Retrieved 2016-09-14.
  16. ↑ "Tatilden dersler aldık". Erzurum Flaş (in Turkish). 2013-08-27. Archived from the original on 2013-11-13. Retrieved 2013-11-13.
  17. ↑ "Batumi - Twin Towns & Sister Cities". Batumi City Hall. Archived from the original on 2012-05-04. Retrieved 2013-08-10.
  18. ↑ "Twin-cities of Azerbaijan". Azerbaijans.com. Retrieved 2013-08-09.
  19. ↑ "Ordu". Turkish State Meteorological Service. September 12, 2016. Retrieved September 1, 2016.
  20. ↑ May 25, 1964, NY Times archives
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