Mozilla Open Badges

The Open Badges Project
Website openbadges.org
Launched 15 September 2011 (2011-09-15)

Open Badges is the name of a group of specifications and open technical standards originally developed by the Mozilla Foundation with funding from the MacArthur Foundation.[1] The Open Badges standard describes a method for packaging information about accomplishments, embedding it into portable image files as a digital badge, and establishing an infrastructure for badge validation. The standard was originally maintained by the Badge Alliance Standard Working Group,[2] but transitioned officially to the IMS Global Learning Consortium as of January 1, 2017.[3]

History

In 2011, The Mozilla Foundation announced their plan to develop an open technical standard called Open Badges to create and build a common system for the issuance, collection, and display of digital badges on multiple instructional sites.[1]

To launch the Open Badges project, Mozilla and MacArthur engaged with over 300 nonprofit organizations, government agencies and others about informal learning, breaking down education monopolies and fuelling individual motivation. Much of this work was guided by “Open Badges for Lifelong Learning,” an early working paper created by Mozilla and the MacArthur Foundation.[4]

In 2012, Mozilla launched Open Badges 1.0 and partnered with the City of Chicago to launch The Chicago Summer of Learning (CSOL), a badges initiative to keep local youth ages four to 24 active and engaged during the summer. Institutions and organizations like Purdue University, MOUSE and the U.K.-based DigitalME adopted badges, and Mozilla saw international interest in badging programs from Australia and Italy to China and Scotland.[5]

By 2013, over 1,450 organizations were issuing Open Badges and Mozilla's partnership with Chicago had grown into the Cities of Learning Initiative, an opportunity to apply CSOL's success across the country.[5]

In 2014, Mozilla launched the Badge Alliance,[5] a network of organizations and individuals committed to building the open badging ecosystem and advancing the Open Badges specification.[6] Founding members include Mozilla, the MacArthur Foundation, DigitalME, Sprout Fund, and Blackboard.[7] More than 650 organizations from six continents signed up through the Badge Alliance to contribute to the Open Badges ecosystem.

In mid-2015, the Badge Alliance spun out of Mozilla and became a part of Collective Shift, a nonprofit devoted to redesigning social systems for a connected world.[5] Soon thereafter, IMS Global announced their commitment to Open Badges as an inter-operable standard for digital credentials.[8]

In June 2015, the open source project, Badgr was launched by Concentric Sky with partner edX to serve as a reference implementation for Open Badges.[9][10][11][12] The Badgr system is used by edX,[12] Canvas,[13] Microsoft,[14] and others.[15] The Badgr Server is written in Python using the Django framework;[16] source code is available under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License.[17]

In late 2016, it was announced that the Open Badges standard would transition officially to IMS Global.[3] In late 2018, Mozilla announced that it would retire the Mozilla Backpack and migrate all users to Badgr.[18]

Technical details

Open Badges are designed to serve a broad range of digital badge use cases, including both academic and non-academic uses.[19] The core Open Badge specification is made up of three types of Badge Objects:[20]

Assertion
Represents an awarded badge. It contains information about a single badge that belongs to an individual earner.
BadgeClass
Contains information about the accomplishment(s) a specific badge recognizes. As the same badge may be awarded to many earners, there may be many Assertions that correspond to a single BadgeClass.
IssuerOrganization
Contains a collection of information about the entity (e.g., person, organization) which issued a badge.

Beginning with version 1.1, valid JSON-LD must be used for Open Badges.[20] Version 1.1 also adds Extensions,[20] a structure that follows a standard format for collaboratively extending Badge Objects so that any issuer, earner, or consumer can understand the information added to badges. Any issuer may define and publish Extensions to include new types of metadata in badges. Any other issuer may use the same extensions to publish similar information in a mutually recognizable way.[21]

An exploratory prototype draft xAPI vocabulary has been defined so that Open Badges may be referenceable from Experience API activity streams.[22]

References

  1. 1 2 Surman, Mark (2011-09-15). "Mozilla Launches Open Badges Project". The Mozilla Blog. Retrieved 2016-04-14.
  2. ↑ "Open Badges Standard". Badge Alliance.
  3. 1 2 "IMS Global, Mozilla Foundation, and LRNG Announce Next Steps to Accelerate the Evolution of the Open Badges Standard" (Press release). Lake Mary, Florida: IMS Global Learning Consortium, Inc. 2016-10-28.
  4. ↑ "Open Badges for Lifelong Learning" (PDF). Mozilla Wiki. 27 August 2012. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 November 2013.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Surman, Mark (29 January 2016). "Mozilla's Continued Commitment to Open Badges". Mozilla Learning. Mozilla Foundation. Archived from the original on 24 March 2016.
  6. ↑ jade (23 June 2014). "Welcome to the Badge Alliance!". Badge Alliance. Archived from the original on 27 September 2014.
  7. ↑ "About the Badge Alliance". Badge Alliance. Archived from the original on 8 July 2017. Retrieved 12 August 2017.
  8. ↑ Abel, Rob (16 February 2016). "IMS Global Learning Consortium's Commitment to Open Badges for Education". IMS Global Learning Consortium, Inc. Archived from the original on 7 March 2016.
  9. ↑ "Badgr Server Readme". Github. Concentric Sky. 27 October 2015.
  10. ↑ "IEEE Consortium for Learning Engineering is Attracting Leading Charter Members". edcircuit.com. edCircuit. 30 December 2017.
  11. ↑ "Badgr". Concentric Sky.
  12. 1 2 Baruah, Partha; Otto, Nate (15 June 2015). Mukta G, ed. "Digital Badges On the Open edX Platform". edX Blog. Archived from the original on 12 September 2015. Retrieved 2016-04-14.
  13. ↑ "Instructure Partners with Concentric Sky's Badgr to Offer Digital Badge Compatibility within Canvas" (Press release). Salt Lake City: Instructure. 6 October 2015. Archived from the original on 23 April 2016. Retrieved 2016-04-14.
  14. ↑ "Know it. Prove it". Microsoft Virtual Academy. Microsoft. Archived from the original on 27 April 2017. Retrieved 2016-12-16.
  15. ↑ "Badges of honors: Eugene company gives personal achievements digital life". registerguard.com. The Register-Guard.
  16. ↑ "concentricsky/badgr-server". GitHub. Retrieved 12 August 2017.
  17. ↑ "badgr-server/LICENSE". GitHub. 9 April 2015.
  18. ↑ Surman, Mark (2018-08-15). "An Update on Badges and Backpack". Medium.
  19. ↑ "Digital Badges vs. Open Badges". Badge Alliance. Retrieved 2016-04-14.
  20. 1 2 3 "Open Badges Technical Specification (version 1.1)". Open Badges Specification. Badge Alliance. 1 May 2015. Archived from the original on 26 April 2016.
  21. ↑ "Open Badges Extensions". Open Badges Specification. Badge Alliance. Archived from the original on 16 April 2016.
  22. ↑ "Open Badges xAPI Vocabulary". Open Badges Specification. Badge Alliance. Archived from the original on 12 April 2016.
  • Official website
  • Open Badges Technical Specification (Version 2.0 Public Draft, as of 12 August 2017.)
  • "Badge Wiki". We Are Open Co-op.
  • MozillaWiki on Badges (Historical)
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